result of work, however, i'm writing to ask you to pass one hundred and 50 van ness that was from james lee thank you for your time. >> thank you. >> good afternoon commissioners i'm rob pool i'm also with the housing action coalition thank you for the opportunity to speak emerald and solomon presented their plans for one 50 van ness and our members endorsed the project it is underutilized a parking lot in a vacant building this will develop 4 hundred and 20 homes and bmr next to transit new bike lanes on polk street and walk to hayes valley and other areas and so it is an exciting project exactly and completely in alliance with the market octavia plan he talked with the neighborhood association one the members was present at the meeting at a point and generally in support this is the kind of housing we need and just to put this into context i mean this area around market and van ness includes 3 city sites across from the scald denying this project will set a precedent for future projects coming down the line approve this this is the kind of housing san francisco needs and thank you for you

lee appointed william nelson pendleton, james long street and they went to the tavern to have the meeting but said it was a bear and cheerless place, so they repaired to the maclean house. there was no furniture left in the room because the tables had been taken as souvenirs after the meeting on april 9. this is our display on the apple tree. what is the apple tree? it is one of those myths about appomattox and lee's surrender. why is it a myth? because the event that a put -- the event that supposedly to waste there wasn't as it seems. lee and grant had been corresponding for several days about the possibility of lee surrendering his army. on the morning of april 9 when lee was finally ready to surrender his army, he sends a message to general grant but general grant is moving his headquarters. we's message catches up with him and he has to dispatch men to ride ahead to make the arrangements to meet with general lee. he dispatches orval babcock to ride ahead and meet lee. they find the resting under an apple tree by the appomattox river. the forces are on the hills behind this apple tree

. >> martin: air force secretary deborah lee james told us the pentagon plans to spend an extra $5 billionct its satellites. what do you consider to be the greatest single threat to u.s. satellites? >> deborah lee james: an anti- satellite weapon would certainly be a great threat. a laser would be a threat. jamming capabilities are also a threat. >> martin: do china and russia have lasers that could blind american satellites? >> james: they are testing and investing, and that is worrisome to the united states. >> all right, good morning bravo crew. we are going to start it off with intel... >> martin: testing and investing in sometimes mysterious ways. >> russia is going to be launching a soyuz 2... >> martin: last year, airmen at the joint space operations center monitored the seemingly routine launch of three russian communications satellites. lieutenant jay raymond and his team spotted what they assumed was just an ordinary piece of debris from the launch. >> raymond: about a week later a young air force captain detected that that debris started to move. >> martin: move, as in maneuver,

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trymaine lee, james peterson and thomas mesereau appreciate your time tonight.ill to come bigotry on the bayou. how louisiana's religious freedom bill is even worse than the one in indiana or arkansas. stay with us. we're right back. audible safety beeping audible safety beeping audible safety beeping the nissan rogue with safety shield technologies. the only thing left to fear is you imagination. nissan. innovation that excites. sooo, you're all set to book a flight using rewards miles from your airline credit card. but then the illusion begins. the flights you really want - surprise - they're not available because they cost a ridiculous number of miles. enough is enough... switch to the capital one venture card. with venture, you'll earn unlimited double miles. and using those miles is easy. just book any flight you want, on any airline. then use your miles to cover the cost. no blackout dates. what's in your wallet? meet the world's newest energy superpower. surprised? in fact, america is now the world's number one natural gas producer... and we could soon be

lee came from petersburg to richmond. we do know that davis road out toward the james river and smokepoke with lee. historical record does not reveal the tales of those conversations. there's also a letter that benjamin and davis cabinet an perhaps davis's closest political advisor at this time wrote a letter after the war in which he said that winner of 65 and everything pressing upon us and things looking so terrible in every direction and we were struggling the find some way, some way to find out way forward. we know what's going through his mind. jefferson davis was not a stupid man. he wasn't thinking fanciful things at all. we do know in the end that he and lee agreed that lee would hold at petersburg until he couldn't hold any longer. lee would inform davis of his needing to evacuate petersburg and the plan was, i won't go through this that lee would go through north carolina and hopefully they can turn on sherman and turn back on grant. the commander in chief would be somewhere nearby because he would have left richmond the same time lee left petersburg or before. he expected to meet lee. t

lee came from petersburg to richmond. we do know that davis road out toward the james river and smokepoke with lee. historical record does not reveal the tales of those conversations. there's also a letter that benjamin and davis cabinet an perhaps davis's closest political advisor at this time wrote a letter after the war in which he said that winner of 65 and everything pressing upon us and things looking so terrible in every direction and we were struggling the find some way, some way to find out way forward. we know what's going through his mind. jefferson davis was not a stupid man. he wasn't thinking fanciful things at all. we do know in the end that he and lee agreed that lee would hold at petersburg until he couldn't hold any longer. lee would inform davis of his needing to evacuate petersburg and the plan was, i won't go through this that lee would go through north carolina and hopefully they can turn on sherman and turn back on grant. the commander in chief would be somewhere nearby because he would have left richmond the same time lee left petersburg or before. he expected to meet lee. t

during the night, generally has a council of war with james gordon, along street fitzhugh , lee, asking should they surrender or should they try to break out? it is determined they will try to break out on the morning of april 9 general gordon brings his troops through on the . his troops through on the morning of april 9 and files off into these fields. he's going to attack that ridge. there's a federal calvary brigade about 1200 men holding the ridge up there. general gordon has about 5000 men and supported by about 4000 calvary under armistead lawn. the attack begins a little after 7:30 and they successfully drive the federals off that ridge. doing a left wheel. hard marching infantry from the army of the james, 24th corps and a division of troops from united and from the 25th corps had covered 30 miles and they had come up and closed the road act out and begin to push gordon's men back into the appomattox river valley. federal troops are coming from the south. further from the south and east is general custer swinging around the confederate left flank. behind general lee, about four

later to the washington city where at the age of 25 she was introduced to james madison and she was married. we know that doll lee had an outgoing personality and sort of made up for the shyness of her husband during his presidencies. in this new capital city she hold receptions often called squeezes. she felt that the dignitaries and the citizens alike were as important. she had the intuition to make people comfortable and it was often said that at a dinner you didn't know who was friend or foe. after james died dolley began to return on and off to washington. montpelier wasn't doing well and her sons debts were mounting and it was evident she was becoming destitute. she was able to sell madison's papers and a trust fund was set up for her by members of congress so that they could protect it for her as she began to age. when she moved back to the city as a widow and alone, she had a niece who moved in with her and stay with her until her death. when mrs. madison died she left what cash she had to both this niece anna and to her son but she left all her belongings to her son. he began to squander those things and

the same day lee also sent a message to lieutenant general james long street, one of his core commanders, said with the army concentrated at or near burkville, our communications north and south would be by the railroad that's the railroad that came through farmville recently. we also the opportunity to strike at grant should he pursue us rapidly or sherman before they could unite. i desire you make every preparation to accumulate all the supplies you can. general grant seems to be preparing to move out by his left flank and he is accumulating his army near the depot of supplies and apparently concentrating along that quarter. so with those two messages general lee now prophesies he was going to have to leave petersburg and eventually head toward north carolina. so again the appomattox campaign overlaps the petersburg campaign which is what tracy talked about at the end of his speech. the nine days from march 29th to april 9, 1865. of course, the petersburg campaign runs from june 15th '64 to april 2nd 1865. at the time of the spring of 1865, general robert e. lee with the commander of t

eastbound on 66, james madison highway to north lee highway, a 55-minute commute.e have seen a lot of volume build up on 66 eastbound today. kind of unusual. again, no accidents on i-66, just volume delays so be mindful of that. northbound on 95 from prince william parkway up to backlick road, you're looking at a 15- minute commute this morning. if you're going to be traveling westbound on 50 going through areas like bowie, going through mitchellville from mlk jr. highway to m street northwest, you're looking at a 17-minute commute. let's step out live. this is connecticut avenue inner and outer loop at the beltway. you can see traffic is flowing. no issues to report there. certainly good news there in that area. i want to take you to some other cameras that we have, this is in southern maryland, 301 at route 5. this would be brandywine, folks in la plata, in that area, oxon hill. you're looking at a smooth commute as well. volume starting to build up on 301. let's send it back to andrea and nick. >>> early voting begins today in the district. >> metro returns to a

for those of you traveling eastbound on 66 from james madison highway to north lee highway, a 67-minuteorning. if you're traveling northbound on 95 from center point parkway up to backlick road, you're looking at almost an hour commute there. 50 minutes for you this morning. for those of you out in prince george's county traveling westbound on 50 from mlk highway into town, north capitol street northeast, you're looking at a 17-minute commute. i want to take the trafficland camera again if we can just to show you again these delays that we're talking about. we've been seeing these both on the inner and outer loop again. add anywhere 35 hins to 45 minutes -- 35 to 45 minutes drive time if you can. >>> to another viewer kender, be prepared for closures in traffic. >> park entrance fees are about to greet anyone traving the >>> the funeral for baltimore's freddie gray is happening today at 11:00 here at new shiloh baptist church in west baltimore. of course freddie gray is the 25-year-old who died in police custody. we are expecting a large crowd of mourners and there are already more than

the threat to his southern flank presented by sherman prompted lee in january to send joseph kershaw's infantry brigade under james connor wade hampton's cavalry division under butler, and hampton himself, chief of his cavalry, to south carolina to bolster the forces confronting sherman. demonstrating contrary to one of the typical criticisms of lee that he was not so virginia centric to neglect the other regions, even before his ascension to general in chief. lee successfully countered the offensive at the battle of hatcher's run. realizing that partial or possibly complete evacuation of richmond and petersburg might be necessary. lee began to prepare for just that contingency by creating stockpiles of supplies along the richmond and danville railroad. the route he would use to head for a rendezvous with joe johnston. he and johnston would collaborate to develop a strategy to gain some sense of equilibrium in the theater of war, in the carolinas and petersburg front. lee hoped between his army and johnston's, they could gain a victory over the union forces, not a decisive victory, which lee realizes is too remote

the threat to his southern flank presented by sherman prompted lee in january to send joseph kershaw's infantry brigade under james connor wade hampton's cavalry division under butler, and hampton himself, chief of his cavalry, to south carolina to bolster the forces confronting sherman. demonstrating contrary to one of the typical criticisms of lee that he was not so virginia centric to neglect the other regions, even before his ascension to general in chief. lee successfully countered the offensive at the battle of hatcher's run. realizing that partial or possibly complete evacuation of richmond and petersburg might be necessary. lee began to prepare for just that contingency by creating stockpiles of supplies along the richmond and danville railroad. the route he would use to head for a rendezvous with joe johnston. he and johnston would collaborate to develop a strategy to gain some sense of equilibrium in the theater of war, in the carolinas and petersburg front. lee hoped between his army and johnston's, they could gain a victory over the union forces, not a decisive victory, which lee realizes is too remote

during the night, general lee has a council of war with general john gordon james longstreet and fritz lee asking, should they surrender or try to break out? it's determined they will try to break out on the morning of april 9. general lee brings his troops to the village on the morning of april 9. he files off to the right and left into these fields. he's going to attack that ridge. there is a federal cavalry brigade under colonel charles smith. general gordon has about 5,000 men. he's supported by fritz lee on the right with about 4,000 cavalry. the attack begins a little after 7:30 that morning and they successfully drive the federals off that ridge doing a left wheel. but hard-marching infantry from army of the james the 24th corps and division of troops from the united states colored troops had covered over 30 miles on april 8. and they come up and closed the road back down and begin to push gordon's men back into the appatomattox from the river valley. they come from the army of the potomac, and further to the south and east is general custer and general devlin's cavalry swinging

james peterson, director of studies at lee high university and msnbc contributor. gentlemen, good to have you with us tonight. >> thanks for having us ed. >> mr. henderson, i assume you just saw the dash cam video. how do you think this plays into the the case? >> well i think it shows us that but for the video tape that we received that came outside of official means and came from the community, we still would not have the hard evidence and the facts that show their lies and it goes beyond the lies into perjury where we have claim being made by the officer, that he was struggling that he was in fear, or that anyone else was in fear. so it's going to be helpful and corroborative corroborative. but it doesn't show as much as the first video tape that we all saw from the day before where we witnessed the entire incident playing out from the perspective of a thinker party. >> right now it looks like a routine traffic stop. there's nothing ordinary about it from what the video tape shows. i mean that's my first impression of this. there's been numerous reports about th

during the night, general lee has a council of war with general warden, james long street asking should they surrender or try to break out. it is determined they will try to break out on the morning of april 9. general morgan brings his troops through the village on the morning of april 9. he files off to the right and left into these fields. he's going to attack that ridge. there is a federal brigade of 1200 men holding that ridge. general gordon has about 5000 men. he is supported by lee on the right with 4000 cavalry and artillery under armistead long. the attack begins that morning and they successfully drive the federals off the ridge doing a left wheel. hard marching infantry, the 24th court and a division from the united states colored troops had covered over 40 miles on april 8. they had closed the road back down and began to push gordon's men back into the appomattox river valley. federal troops are coming up from the south from the army of the potomac. further to the south and east is general custer and the cavalry swinging around the left flank. behind general lee about four

anchor for the hot list amy holmes, and director of african studies at lee high james peterson.e are. i read the tweets. i didn't think they were funny nor were they true. comedy is said to be the smuggler of great truths. i don't know how poking fun at overweight women or this bizarre preoccupation with jews in his neighborhood, i almost bumped a boy and i would have felt bad because i was driving a german car, you can say it crosses a line i would say it is not even funny. >> we can't even show tweets. we need humor perhaps now more than ever. he will build on jon stewart's great legacy. we hope he won't cross the line with jokes calling up anti-semitic stereotypes. where is that line? >> it is a thin line jose. what we are witnessing is trevor noah who is quite popular around the world shifting to a platform that's a much bigger platform where the stakes are much higher. i agree with amy that the best comedy, even when pushing those boundaries has some truth in it. i trust jon stewart, he created this forum of delivering the news in a certain way, he believes and comedy centr

lee in the house. on most days, mr. bigelow works as a costume interpreter for james monroe.dennis if you would take a few minutes this afternoon and share with you his perspective of having a family connection to an historic event of such magnitude. mr. dennis bigelow. [applause] dennis bigelow: you don't need a repeat of what you have already heard about the surrender and the mclean house so i'm not going to read that of grandfather marshall's book. i think you would like to hear this. punctuated by the laws of the -- of a third of the armies of northern virginia, on april 6, with confederate general gordon having been stopped dead by a c -- sea of general sheridan's blue coats on the morning of the ninth, general lee knew his shrinking army could not remain whole. and could not break out. that after four years of arduous service marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the army of northern virginia must yield to overwhelming numbers and resources. in the wee hours of april 9, general lee's aid and long street and gordon took their only refreshment of the day, cornmeal

joining us is founder tom lee and raymond james chief economist scott brown.een to be feeling goods, it seems the past of least resistance is higher are you nervous at all? >> you know i'm actually optimistic for both. i think i've been a little disappointed with the tenor of the data but the markets have been rising in the face of that. it's very reassuring. expectations have really come down for q1 earnings. i think visibility has to be a lot better so i think we're going to have a stretch of a couple months where the data will be good and the markets will act well into it. scott. >> do you agree with that? do you think we'll shake off the weak effects, namely the winter weather, the poor congestion other temporary factors here? >> yeah i think obviously there are a lot of factors, depressing growth in the first quarter, but we should see a rebound, notably a drop in the gasoline prices should really light a fire under the consumer. we anticipate that xwumer spending will be a lot stronger. now we and we may begin to see that in many of this week's reports.

james brown. but he is a good guy. >> gary: lee talked a little bit about his daughter who is trying to be an actresslusively. we were in seoul. all for about five or six years. --soho >> yes, she is well versed is method acting acting. >> you understand it. we look at it so many different angles so many different variables that we have to deal with that basically all we are and trying to turn it over and keep it at a certain level not to many different depths that something we want to stay away from. >> gary: 1 think the want to talk about is dotson--sen >> that is the one that most of our plant our fans have most trouble they were knocked thinking of trading but they came to him with a deal that he believed he could not pass up. >> dicing, dirty all the time and i think that our fan base will like him. >> gary: do you know when you have that ball call and it's like really? >> yes that phone call critic because he had no intention of making the trade. >> you look at it on paper but for the last several years, since i have been here. looking at him to an end accruals for it will try to focus on what

general lee received the message, read it, didn't say anything. he then handed it to james long street. james long street had won very cryptic and brief reply not yet. the army then would pick itself up out of the entrenchments and mover further westward. we knew that road would take them to a place called appomattox courthouse. when general lee read the letter he requires a response. his response was he didn't think it was time to surrender the army but what terms did general grant propose considering its surrender. general grant, of course, then would write a reply but this wouldn't reach general lee until the next day on the 8th. meanwhile, general lee had progressed to within a very short distance of appomattox courthouse when this second message got to him. it quite simply said that general grant proposed to accept the surrender of the army of northern virginia by the men laying down their arms and to be exchanged until properly exchanged being paroled. in other words they could go home. this is where the situation gets a little different. it's near midnight. general l

leaving a gap fortunon 24th corps, the army of the james that is brought to petersburg to go through andhood in petersburg. at that point, lee is going to send a message to the confederate secretary of war, john breckenridge. and breckenridge is going have that message forwarded to the president of the confederate states. he was in church service on the morning of april 2nd. that telegraph says i see no prospect of holding more than holding our position until night and not certain i can do that. i advise that all preparations be made for leaving richmond tonight. shortly after, the union second corps engages the confederate army west of petersburg. thael end up severing the south side railroad and now that lee has no reason to stay he simply wishes to stay long enough to gather up his army without having to fight street by street for their retreat. >> he's there to the south and west of town at two little uncompleted forts. ft. greg and ft. witworth when held off 8,000 soldiers with no more than ahundred500 or 600 men. finally, lee is going to send secretary of war breckenridge one final note. it is absolutely necessary that

joined by james peter, director of african studies at lee hi university. interesting to consider one of the reasons why he is running away. why does he run away. some talk about the child support issue, and just consider the fear of police. >> there was no warrant. >> now we have to consider the fear that citizens have of law enforcement. that's what's most scary to me when i look at dash cam video. but i don't think it reveals anything more than what mr. santana's video reveals, which is that this gentleman was murdered, shot in the back as he was trying to run from law enforcement. the videotape says everything here. >> when we watch walter scott in the santa a video as he is being shot and killed watching this man lose his life on tv and we go back to rodney king first time we saw that altercation between police and civilian. what do you make of that arch we are now in? >> this is the arch i am most concerned about, arch from rodney king to walter scott video, how many of these videos have we seen how many times have we seen them. the reality is that i

lee daniels made the list and so did kevin hart. the issue hits news stands on friday. music: etta jamesplays throughout) ♪♪ sometimes, at last doesn't happen at first. ♪♪ ♪♪ your dad just kissed my mom. ♪♪ turning two worlds into one takes love. ♪♪ helping protect that world takes state farm. >>> a wilmington teenager has received a national honor he has been awarded the disney friends for change grant, that means volunteers are teaching low income children how to play chess and means will donate the money back to the center to buy new chest boards, disney is the parent company of 6 abc. >>> delaware governor jack markell is on hand as they open the doors on the new technology facility. the governor helped to cut the ribbon in newark, they offer solar energy for homes and businesses and the company is expanding in delaware and now employees 100 people. now "action news" is standing by with these stories next at 6:00. a tragic outcome in the hit and run case in kensington, a little 2-year-old victim has died. and police are stepping up their efforts to fine the driver. >>> and a good sam

lee. grant was no part of that. yes decided he wants the army of the potomac and the army of the james to do this on their own. the second item on sherman's agenda, persuade phil sheridan to lead his cavalry into north carolina to assist in running down and bagging johnston. sheridan wants no part of that. he wants to be in on the effort to finish lee's army. he's going nowhere. so now sherman doesn't really have a whole lot left. but it turns out that president lincoln is that city point. sherman wasn't aware of that. on the 27th and 28 grant and sherman and admiral porter have sort of an informal conversation with lincoln. it soon becomes apparent to sherman the lincoln wants to offer a lenient piece to the confederates, be conciliatory. with malice towards none charity for all. this deeply impresses sherman. is going to carry back those thoughts with him to north carolina. in his memoirs, sherman has this to say about lincoln. of all the men i've ever met, he possessed more of the elements of greatness combined with goodness than any other. now, sherman is going to march northward from goldsboro toward rich

lee. grant was no part of that. yes decided he wants the army of the potomac and the army of the james to do this on their own. the second item on sherman's agenda, persuade phil sheridan to lead his cavalry into north carolina to assist in running down and bagging johnston. sheridan wants no part of that. he wants to be in on the effort to finish lee's army. he's going nowhere. so now sherman doesn't really have a whole lot left. but it turns out that president lincoln is that city point. sherman wasn't aware of that. on the 27th and 28 grant and sherman and admiral porter have sort of an informal conversation with lincoln. it soon becomes apparent to sherman the lincoln wants to offer a lenient piece to the confederates, be conciliatory. with malice towards none charity for all. this deeply impresses sherman. is going to carry back those thoughts with him to north carolina. in his memoirs, sherman has this to say about lincoln. of all the men i've ever met, he possessed more of the elements of greatness combined with goodness than any other. now, sherman is going to march northward from goldsboro toward rich

livermore in dublin may be some shower just north of santa rosa lee the activity had not started in the cold front has not yet arrived. >>james: we will see commend to the bay by about 10:00 tonight so ought are when the heaviest of the rain is falling you will be home safe and sound and that is the good news what is the call for advances across the midnight 1:00 a.m. now settled over the heart of the base san francisco oakland hayward down san mateo fremont like moderate heavy rain. no. they and the rest of the bay area and is a peninsula south they getting impacted. 1:00 in the morning hostly you're now on the road driving through this it would ask for the three-time 6:00 now most people getting up at that hour the main band has passed by we're looking at just out of showers on the backside of the front. >>james: you expect this year early morning commute and that is the story with this thing the heaviest while you're sleeping but we have cold air and the instability behind it was to enjoy more could you it will be rather active with of showers top of thunderstorms and strong winds it will feel as early as this afternoon te

lee, abc 7 news. >>> one of three bay area men convicted of kidnapping 26 children and their bus driver almost 40 years ago was granted parole today n. 1976 james schoenfeld, his little brother and another man kidnapped a bus load of children and put them in a van buried in the sand. they planned to ask for a ransom but the children and driver escaped. he received a life sentence. this was the 20th time the 63-year-old had asked for parole. the rule willing go through an internal review and could take four months before a recommended parole date is sent to the governor. his brother was released in 2012. the other kidnapper frederick woods has been denied parole 14 times. >>> strong support for law enforcement tonight as the city of san jose prepares to honor a fallen officer. thousand of people are expected to attend tomorrow's public memorial for officer johnson shot and killed eight days ago. abc 7 news reporter chris knew jen has more. >> we learn to appreciate the work they do and to respect them. it is a tough job. >> reporter: heart break when he learned about the shooting death of officer johnson. >> they risk and put their lives on the

we have lee grogan and michael purvis, and still with us from san francisco is erin kessler from raymond james let's check back with you to get a wrapup of the situation p requests were looking at twitter shares rising in the after-hours trade after a tumbled 18% in the last bit of the trading session. the numbers were released inadvertently by selerity. the highlights from the results at least what selerity had sent out initially was that earnings beat analyst estimates but revenue miss the mark. it was an 18% increase which marked a slowdown from the increase with all the prior quarter. twitter was forced to release its results as well overall. that's when we got the news that twitter reduced its full-year sales and profit forecast. it also made some acquisition so the new outlook reflects the acquisitions and the effect of the stronger dollar. it did not help the stopping -- because the stock finished down 18% in regular trading. now it has a little bit of rebound for the close. matt: michael, you are talking about the possibility of trading twitter options. michael: if you were long volati

lee inside the house. on most days mr. bigelow can beund found as a costume interpreter for james monroe, of james monroe county home originallyn as highland. we've asked dennis if he would . take a few minutes this afternoon and share with you his wit perspective of having a family ctive connection to a historic event his of suchto magnitude and reach. mr. dennis bigelow. [ applause ] >> there's a chill in the afternoon and you've been wh sitting for a while. so you don't need a repeat of what you've heard so well in in terms of the particulars of what happened in the mclean house andouse the surrender.rrend so i'm not going to read that out of m grandfather marshall's book. but i think you'd like to hear this. by the punctuated by the loss of the third of the army at sailor's rginia creek, on the 6th of april with conf confederate general gordon being st stopped dead by a sea of the blue coats on the morning of the the 9th, general lee knew his shrinking army could not remain whole. and could not break out of his ou encirclement. but after four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude the army of

lee surrenders at appomattox. so how does the lost cause work into these memories? how would you all define the lost cause, based on what you have read in james foster "ghosts of the confederacy?" how would you define the lost cause? >> the south trying to cope with the feet. -- with defeat. jennifer murray: yes, over 600,000 americans died, over 300,000 of them are southerners. what did they die for? did they get there independence? t -- their independence? >> no jennifer murray:. -- no. jennifer murray: what did they die for? >> nothing. jennifer murray: seems that way. now they have to deal with the idea that god was on their side, but now they lost, so they have the religious experience, coping with physical destruction of the south. sherman who marched through the south. creating widespread destruction. how do you cope with the defeat? what does the lost cause become? >> i mean, it is the rationalization of the war, the only way that they can cope with it is through this explanation. jennifer murray: an explanation of why they lost. it is a coping mechanism to deal with defeat. and explanation of why they lost. a good transition. the exp

james h. johnson of south carolina lamented that after president lincoln's freedom proclamation in 1863, the status quo of slavery kept on right as it had. it was only when general lee surrender that he observed in his wpa interview that we learned we were free. for some former slaves, the date of the lee surrender structured the very sense of time and of history. aliza washington told her interviewer, the first thing i remember was living with my mother about six miles from scotts crossing in arkansas about the year 1866. i know it was 1866 because it was the year after the surrender and we knew the surrender was in 1865. just as appomattox persisted in the memory of many ex slaves, it was also an enduring presence on the commemorative calendar of the free slaves. they met every april 9 to celebrate this important turning point in the road to emancipation. these april 9 commemorations begin as early as 66, we see blacks in mecklenburg county pledging if lee had never been beaten the emancipation proclamation had been to no avail but in research i found african-american communities, philadelphia, chicago, all over the country celebrating april 9 in churches and othe