room here. >> you spent five years living with, in addition to the vice president, living with james madisonmrs. cheney: i gave the other 45 to dick. [laughter] >> can you talk about writing a book like this and where the papers and where did you visit madison descendents and if you could ask james madison today, one question that emerged from your research, what would that question be? mrs. cheney: that last one is a puzzler. i will have to think about that one while i talk. he madison papers are in different places. you have to travel a little bit. you have to go to princeton, for example, because there are in published papers there. there are unpublished papers about madison's family in the presbyterian historical society. 30 volumes of madison's papers are online. they have been digitized and have done a wonderful job with digitizing. dolly's papers as well. it has been done by the university of virginia. think of that. research is so much easier now than it has been before. i was chairman of the national endowment for the humanities for a time, and i used to be appalled that some of the

treasury secretary at the time, and thomas jefferson, secretary of state, work out a bargain with james madison and they say, all the southern states will agree to support assumption. making sure that the federal government pays all these debts from the revolutionary war, if the federal capital is placed on the potomac river. that deal is struck in 1790. you have the residence act. it is agreed the federal capital will be somewhere between and the maryland confluence of the anacostia and pacific -- potomac rivers. george washington is allowed to choose the site. he chooses the present location. slavery, why the feeling that have an impact on the location? southerngrove: the interests who are angling for a potomac capital wants to make sure the capital is in the slave south. that slavery is protected in the national capital. they are particularly interested in that because the capital had been in philadelphia for a long time before the continental congress. philadelphia was becoming increasingly hostile to slavery because there is a large quaker population that was against the institution. becam

james madison, very bright guy. james madison. little jimmy. i call him little jimmy madison.a joke. you can't take a joke. he doesn't take a joke. alexander hamilton. he wants to start a national bank. i don't know, maybe we will. we'll see. we'll see. because the mistake is you looking at him like he's a candidate that was elected to political office. he was -- instead of what he was, a middle finger. because look at intelligent people saying how could christians have voted for trump? here's the left's strategy toward christians for the last 50 years. hey you superstitious idiots, are you going to vote for us? i don't know why that doesn't work. trump is probably the least christian person that's walked the face of the earth in the last couple of centuries but he brings them in. he doesn't really know but he's like you christian people are some of the most fantastic tremendous people. your faith is a wonderful thing. i love your faith. i love it. the bible is a great read, by the way. what a great, great book. i read it -- i never read it before and i read it. fantastic. cou

james madison the main framer who was as much of a believer in democracy is anybody in the world that they nevertheless felt that the united states' system should be designed and indeed was his initiative was designed so that power should be in the hands of the wealthy. because the wealthier there are more responsible set of men and therefore the structure of the formal constitutional system placed most power in the hands of the senate or the senate was not elected in those days it was selected from the wealthy men as madison put it had sympathy for property owners in their right. to read the debates at the constitutional convention. madison says the major concern of the society has to be to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority. and hear argument suppose everyone had to vote freely as they will the majority of the poor get together and they would organize to take away the property of the rich and he said that would obviously be unjust so he can't have that so therefore the constitutional system has to be set up to prevent democracy. which is of some interest that t

the medicine amendment, the 27th amendment is an outlier and it was one of james madison's original 12 proposed articles to the first congress, 10 of them made it out as the bill of rights. the medicine amendment was ratified in 1992 with 203 years ratifying it. that was only possible because in keeping with congresses tradition, at least until the 18th amendment in 1917 the medicine amendment like all of the amendments until the 18th contained absolutely no express ratification deadline. it is used as some sort of precedent for the ratification of the era today, the originally 1972 which was proposed to congress is limited. congress did have a seven year express ratification deadline for the era that was proposed in 1972 . in fact some people think, maybe it is because era's seven year ratification deadline is contained in the preamble rather than the text that has legal significance. i see absolutely no basis for that argument. in fact that argument was made in a case called idaho versus freeman which was decided by the federal district court in 1981 and was roundly rejected. i am no

they'll host the winner of james madison a week from today. >> and the men's lacrosse bracket also announcedeorgetown hoyas will visit the yale bulldogs. that's saturday at 2:30. second straight tourney appearance for georgetown and the aymen's lacrosse will stn state. maryland won the national championship two seasons ago. one more note in the men's tournament, georgetown will face ten while navy will take on high point both games friday to wat point both games friday to wat busch gardens is sending you... over the edge! the new finnegan's flyer is now open! 8 scream and swing0 feet high in the air! save $12 on a single day ticket. only at busch gardens. bo listen to your mom, knuckleheads. hand em over. hand what over? video games, whatever you got. let's go. you can watch videos of people playing video games in the morning. is that everything? i can see who's online. i'm gonna sweep the sofa fort. well, look what i found. take control of your wifi with xfinity xfi. be careful out there! now that's simple, easy, awesome. switch to xfinit minternet for $34.99th for 12 months and get the spe

my view about this is exactly the same as that of james madison in his contributions to the federalist papers, which i think are among the most carefully thought out and profound reflections on the role of different model of democracy that i know of. and i think that what madison said back in the 1780s has proved extraordinarily prescient, not as just applied to american politics but applies to politics generally in other countries too. >> and the subject of the next lecture coming up. that is all we have time for. my thanks to all of you here at george washington university, to you who are listening at home, and most especially to jonathan sumtion, thank you very much indeed. [ applause ] >>> to the city of milwaukee, harley-davidson really is i think more than just a motorcycle company. in a lot of ways, harley-davidson really captures that arrival of milwaukee, as one of those cities where great american machines are built and made. >> the word iconic is sometimes overused, but miller is certainly an iconic company in milwaukee's history and in milwaukee's present. it is a tangible

talk to james. madison street point. the biggest development since the discovery of penicillin. using them instead of going to the doctor artificial intelligence instead of private consultation. personalized pills instead of one kind it's all a big business with risks and side effects. made in germany in 60 minutes t w. with him her being gone because our players were liars i know if i had known the boat would be that small i never would have gone on a trip to cuba i would not have put myself and my parents in that dangerous part of the game with their will to give us leave or. that one little bit of the news and i had serious problems on a personal level and i was unable to live there but what i'm going to. want to know their story and for my grits terrified of the local information for margaret's. $28.00 nations joined in one union and strasburg is the seeds of that parliament welcome to a special edition of focus on europe with me peter craven and just days to go now to elections to the parliament with a euro skeptic even and see european policies in the ascendancy in many pa

talk to james. madison street point. the biggest developments since the discovery of penicillin. using them instead of going to the top official intelligence instead of a private consulting. class calles instead of one country it's a big business with risks and tasks. made in germany. welcome to paradise. backpackers love nature. but when little known destinations become public knowledge they quickly become taurus battlefields. the delight and sorrows of travel. gringo trails. an action packed life. anything's possible as long as our 2 coffee and his friends can drink. this movie in kenya as dot dot the refugee camp. his life story mean of ground to a. 27 years ago but there's no holding back his dreams. thank you for watching. cinema the stars may 27th on t.w. . a digital revolution is a ripping through the global health sector robots a performing surgery artificial intelligence is identifying cancer and dump that data is now in charge of your health digital health care a topic here on this edition of made i've been physical one we put out lie.

. >> finally the principal of james madison high school in houston sparked charges of racism when sheletter home saying the school will be enforcing a new dress code for parents. >> laura: a white privileged woman. >> she outlawed pajamas and daisy duke shorts and hair rollers. >> laura: [applauding]. >> when anyone walks in, we have to model what we want the children to know and show them what is right and correct. for example, you won't wear a swimsuit to school. you wear it to the beach. it's about academic excellence. >> she said you are your child's first teacher. i like how she is enforcing. how many times have we been on a plane when here comes a guy with t-shirt and pajamas on the plane. i am glad she did this. >> laura: i love the fact that women are sayingul are better than that. they will say you are judging me. how dare you judge me? this is my fashion truth. >> some fashion truths should be kept to themselves. things that people are wearing to school that irritated the principal. the tight legings. or when men show up looking like this.g [laughing].gins. or when men show

the roughly 1600 students at james madison high school already follow a dress code. no hoodies, no flip-flops, and no low hanging pants. teachers and staff also must look neat and clean and dress appropriately. now similar expectations have been set for parents like tamiko miller. >> this is a failing sool. you have other things to worry about than my attire. >> reporter: principal carlotta brown issued a letter telling parents they would be blocked from campus if they wore satin caps or bonnets, shower caps, hair rollers, pajamas, torn jeans showing lots of skin, and uncovered leggings. also forbidden, low-cut tops, sagging pants, undershirts, short shorts, and dresses that reveal the derriere. you are your child's first teacher, brown wrote. "we must have high standards." >> i did feel almost a little insu insulted. but if you're just coming to that school and you get a and all you're running from the school, i really feel we shouldn't punish parents for trying to be involved. at least that parent is at the school. >> reporter: the letter was sent after this woman

it was a debate about impeachment in the beginning between james madison and edmond randolf and james mason trying to decide what would end the republican system of checks and balances? what would the impeachment function be? it is inherently political as we've discussed. it has been used for political purposes through the years. one of the things that came to a head today, i think, particularly with the case where the president of the united states walks out of a meeting with those who are empowered in the constitution under article one and says i won't work with you, at some point you have to begin to seriously consider if you are those article one folks, to what extent is the political situation such that you had a constitutional duty to full if i have what was debated and decided upon between those founders so long ago. and it strikes me, and it is easy for me to say, i don't have to face the voters, but it strikes me if were a member of house of representatives, i would be inclined to at least have hearings on impeachment. given that the president, we have evidence of attempted o

one of of our great founders of america, james madison, used to talk about constitution education mp that for democracy to work, we have to be aware of our checks and balances, what's in the constitution. i think today mueller, getting to see him and hear his voice was starting an opening salvo with the public that's post mueller report saying this is something we need to -- the public needs to be part of this. congress is the people's house and that impeachment is a very real option. he was critic about it. he was ntd stated about it but i think hits the is a histor oic day when the movement for impeachment has gained steam. >> that said, yes, i'm going to bring you in because before mueller's comments, there was a march towards impeachment. should they go for it or is it too politically risky? >> i've argued they need take their time that it's a process not a thing. they need to move towards it strategically and that they're bringing the american people along with them. by building the case before you get to impeachment, there are investigatatory benefits, political benefits and ac

one of the great founding founders of the america james madison talked about constitution education. that for democracy to work we have to be aware of checks and balances, what's in the institution. today mueller getting to see him and hear his voice was starting opening with the public. that's post mueller report saying we the public needs to be part of this, congress is the people's house. and that impeachment is a very real option. he was cryptic about it. he was under stated about it. i think it's a historic day. the movement for impeachment is gained steam. >> yeah. that said, rick i'll bring you in. before the comments today there was a -- should democrats go for it or is it too politically risky? >> i have argued they need to take their time. impeachment is a process not a thing. they need to move towards it with a strategy. and make sure they're bringing the american people along with them in the process and building the case before you get to impeachment. there are investigatory benefits and accountable benefits. that hold people to account. bring them on the deck and get te

he wrote about james madison as "an egg-sucking dog in a hen's nest." s, however, kind and truly affectionate. yet that affection and kindness is also overpowered by discipline. james johnson wrote to morgan recalling the aftermath of the battle of cowpens. jackson was a major in the georgia militia. he had gone to capture stores of liquor to give it to the medicine. guarding it, he would not give morgan any. you will obviously not trust on officer. morgan arrive so i a grea jackson -- angry, jackson remembered, "i thought you would strike me." he got that right. but later, the sergeant "apologize to me on his knee." a very morgan anecdote. morgan is a deeply authentic person. he was in some ways a proto-romantic hero. he was not a mr. darcy. he had passions aplenty. but they were ultimately directed toward the right objects. just parenthetically, you should know that in 18th-century, scoundrels are very popular. [laughter] dr. zambone: the first novels are all written, like pirates are extremely popular, highwaymen are extremely popular, you get the ide

president james madison moved to congress and customs duties double. british forces surged through modern-day michigan and napoleon swept into russia. john adams kept in touch with old contacts and commented generously on the fluctuating world scene. so i have plenty of long monologue like letters to work through transcribing while he commented on all these events and i had the chance to really get his voice in my head. and what a voice. thanks to the efforts of mutual friends and musician benjamin rush john adams romance with thomas jefferson was back on. by early 1812 the two statesmen had resumed their lively correspondence with the new intellectual respect that i suspect surprise even them. adams for his part spent his days exchanging letters with friends and devouring faith. john adams was a lifelong student of church and state. he looked up biblical references and even explored aspects of ancient egyptian religion. a descendent of said immigrants yet seen the world while serving as an american statesman in europe between his diplomatic task john

. >> james madison high school in houston sparks charges of elitism and racism when she sent a letterchool would be enforcing a dress code for the parents! >> yay! >> the outlawed parental garb, pajamas, sagging pants, wife beaters -- >> you can't say why peters anymore. >> you can't stomach whatever they are. daisy duke shorts. carlota brown defended her clothing policy. >> when anybody walks in, we have impressionable children and we have to model what we want them to know. we have to show them what is right, what's correct. for example, you do not wear a swimsuit to school, you wear it to the beach. it's about academic excellence. >> that children see slovenly parents or parents who dress like they are a disaster, the kids are going to look the same way. excellence begins and how you acquit yourself. >> hold on. they are wrapping us. >> fox nation! >> we don't have a wrap. >> you go, laura. we are like polyester and rayon. because this is what i want to say. i often get comments when we travel because i make my children where, you know, press shirts, belts, nice pants, no t-shirts

a best-selling writer of historical fiction is have explored the writing of the constitution, james madison and the westward expedition into treason trial. also the author and johnson of course second to last on the list we are joined by brian lamb c-span founding ceo and chairman did. including of course the president i should also note brian has visited every presidential gravesite and i think we have to ask him about that in the course of the interview so please join me in welcoming him to the panel. aue question for the historians along of your biography you also have a day job. i've been writing history since the 1980s but i was working for what was the senate governmental affairs committee at him as a junior lawyer that was the service reform act of 78 that is the project that was put on my desk. during the course of the year working on that bill, every speech, every man of them every reports started with almost the this is the most important update of theda civil service since james garfield was shot by a disappointed office speaker in 81 in the act of 1883. i must have written that

decision not to establishh america as a pure democracy because they feared the mob mentality, which james madison called the tyranny of the majority. given modern media? it's important to know who's doing away with the electoral college. it's not a new idea, but it has been renewed and i think invigorated since hillary lost. does the name david boise mean anything to you? you not only successfully argued that gay marriage case at the supreme court that represented al gore in the 2000 recount but he's now arguing their case against the electoral college in massachusetts, california who is funding the litigation? a bunch of big law firms. they don't do stuff for free. i used to work for one. also the folks who ginned up the faux outrage of statues standing up in public decades, the same folk spending millions on local and state campaigns in arizona florida, for secretary of state state judges, city school board officers? they are really into this. they are really agitated to keep prump out. no reelection for him. they've already tried to silence and demonize traditionalists in business, on college

even though she went to james madison, she still yells, "go, irish!" what would we do without you, i can't say say so happy mother's day. >> oh, my gosh. >> ow. did you see that? >> you guys, those are theb t. thank you so much. >> i want to watch that ten more times. >> i want to her everything -- >> my gosh. >> i feel like i otn the lry when it comes my kids. than they're perfect all the time. you know. >> they've had their moments. . >> very, very grateful. >> thank you. happy mother to all of the wonderful mothers. >> and your adorable daughters, molette. >> reporter: i'm sweating. like oh, my goodness, what does their hair look like. because thigh -- >> they love you. >> reporter: this is a total surprise. that was beautiful. yeah. beautiful. >> so molette, tell us why you're at the elementary school in southeast d.c. >> reporter: i know, i got to get back to work. we are delighted to show you project hope. this one great example of th bridging gap, bringing the community together. i love these signs that read"p roject hope is bridging ps," right

it takes character like james madison to avoid the damage because mr.ts your soul in small bites. what a line there. last night rod rosenstein said this. i do not blame the former fbi director for being angry. would be too if i were in his shoes but now the former director seems to be acting as a partisan pundit selling books and earning speaking fees while attacking my strength of character. that's disappointing speculating about souls is not a job for police and prosecutors generally we base our opinions on eyewitness testimony. >>> sign recent days the trump administration has acted to prevent former white house counsel don mcgahn from sharing documents with congress. it's ignored request from the house oversight committee and coming upon friday's deadline to comply with a congressional subpoena to turn over six years of president trump's tax returns. yet when our colleague nbc's hallie jackson asked if trump would back up his claim about having the most transparent administration in history, the president passed the buck. >> should don mcgahn be hel

as you know, ali, you go to the constitution, what james madison wrote is one of the most important checksesidential power is investigation. so for the executive branch to say congress cannot investigate the executive branch, that's absolutely crazy. >> up until now, michael, the white house and congress have been going back and forth over granular things, documents, witnesses, testimony, timing, scope of questions, i can understand if a viewer might get a little bored with that because it's complicated. but this new argument that the white house is putting forward feels like a species jump forward. they're calling into question the right of congress to investigate. >> oh, absolutely. if congress gives into this, you may as well fold up this democracy and say this is over because this is the way our system of government works. and so what jerry nadler is doing is not only asserting the right of his committee to get the information it wants in a much more broad way, it's asserting the necessity for congress to get information from the executive branch to investigate things that they think t

james madison wrote in federalist number 62 that it will be of little benefit to the american peoplethat their laws be written by individuals of their own choosing if those laws are so voluminous and complex that they can't be read and understood by those governed by them. today, the federal register, the annual cumulative index of federal regulations at the apartment being finalized, two years ago it reached as long as 97,000 pages. for a single year. so these laws are now so voluminous and complex can be read and understood by the american people that they're not even written individuals of their own choosing. that's. any, we need to change that . >> there's a twitter feed that you may enjoy if you don't do it already, a crime a day . they send out the most absurd crime that they can find each day and they do not seem to be in any danger of running out . >> a crime a day. see one they can do that for decades without denting the hundreds of thousands as you say. now, you bracketed for a moment the courts and i like for you to talk a bit more boabout that. you and i are have interest

congress is article i in the constitution and james madison and his federal papers 51 said legislative we're actually the strongest branch and we'll have to exercise our powers and make sure we get the information for the american people. all options have to be on table, but i do think fines are a pretty significant option. that should be something that could get us the documents that we need if we have to go there. >> options are on the table. so you are actively considering jailing the attorney general? >> i'm not actually considering that. the supreme court -- >> how is it on the table? >> supreme court has upheld -- >> if we can't get information about criminal conduct, then the question has to be asked, well, we do have an option here to try -- >> you're not getting information. you're already not getting information. >> you're absolutely right, which is why we're doing these series of escalating stearns and my view, is yes, we should have all options on the table. impeachment is also one of those options, and i think that might be something we would do first before considering us

but as james madison's contributions to the federal papers show, the founding fathers regarded the people as a bigger threat to liberty than their governments. madison looked for solution to the representative principal. he expected lawmakers to be wiser and more circumspect than their electors. for later generations, however, the representative principal has not been enough. distrust of elected majorities and fear of majoritarian tyranny has always been the driving force behind the idea of entrenched constitutional rights. now, it is probably true that the decisions of voters and their representatives are not morally pure. they are based on a variable mixture of wisdom and folly, prejudiced in understanding of idealism, pragmatism, and self- interest. the real question is whether this impurity of motive is a good enough reason for constraining their choices by law. to answer that question i think that we have to ask ourselves why we believe in the vote at all. there are surely two main reasons. in the first place all governmental authority, which is not based simply on force, requires so

his histories have explored the writings of the constitution, james madison and the western expedition and treason trial of aaron burr. he is also the author of "impeached: the trial of presidentnt andrew johnson and e fight for lincoln's legacy." andrew johnson, of course, second to last on the list. finally, brian lamb, c-span's founding ceo can and chairman and longtime on-camera interviewer. his 40 years have been the basis for nine books with public affairs including, of course, b"the presidents." i should also note that brian has visited every presidential grave site as well as every vice presidential grave site in the country, and i think we will have to ask hum about that in the course of this interview. so please join me in welcoming our panel. [applause] first, a question for our historians, ken, along with your boyle if my of garfield, you've written about abraham lincoln, his 1860 convention. you also have a day job as a practicing lawyer. what draws you to chronicling prime ministers and history in general? >> -- presidents and history in general? >> i've been writing hist

the constitutional convention, james madison, the father of the constitution says that the most appropriate thing would be for the people of the country to elect the president. then he says, there are two problems with that. first, voting rights differ from state to state, but that would have been easy to accomplish. he could have easily said if the state chooses to disenfranchise some of its population than it loses out on presidential elections. and that might encourage states to expand their franchise. an example, new jersey allowed women to vote, no other state did. if he had a popular election for president, all the rest of the states would have said, hey, new jersey has a good idea, we want women as well as men to vote. massachusetts allowed free blacks to vote, so perhaps virginia would have said, we free blacks to vote too, because it would allow us more votes. the other problem for which there was no simple solution is, madison notes that if you have a direct -- of the president, that slaves will not be factored into the election. when you have a country where there are several hun

james madison said knowledge will forever govern ignorance. and those who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power that knowledge gives. the people through the constitution gave us that power with we must exercise it. if you act with contempt for the people and congress, we will find you in contempt of the people and of congress. and i support the resolution. i yeelield back, mr. chairman. >> gentleman yields back. for what purposes does the gentleman from virginia seek recognition? >> move to strike the last word. >> gentleman is recognized. >> thank you, mr. chairman. as i've sat here and listened, it's getting more and more frustrating to me, and i am sure to people watching at home, how distracted this committee is getting from the issues that truly matter to the american people. and we heard congresswoman lesko speak to those. when i get home, my constituents want to know, are we addressing the availability of health care and the accessibility of health care after the skyrocketing premiums that came into place fro

mae translated james madison into a draft for china nobody knew this at the time this is in the 1980sthis is when the two party secretaries went to jail for life he described how far things had gone in china in the eighties to a rule of law of open elections multiparty system as i emphasize where did he spend the rest of his life? house arrest. prison only months later we learn about this internal debate so yes there is great human rights lifting people out of poverty i think is the greatest achievement of china of them all. but they also know, the reformers know about the other part of your question and that's where the tragedy is the trend is in the wrong direction and china because of the power struggle back in 2011 the idea now isn't hopeless. is china on the wrong path? or global surveillance technology system to export to the whole world where you are evaluated which magazines you subscribe to, what food you buy, what you said surreptitiously to someone else, and your credit card score will evaluate how you should be treated next time you go to the canadian government. that's wh

please join me in congratulating cadets james brom and madison tung, please stand up. [applause] wow. thank you. it's a big fat congratulations from me. that's a tremendous job you've done. thank you. great job. on the athletic field, the air run 15 conference championships over the last four years. 153 athletes have earned all-american honors. stand up. stand up. all americans. stand up. wow. [applause] wow. it's fantastic. congratulations. including team members anna wallbacker and spencer cap, who helped the falcons when the air national title and beat the other service academies to bring home the president's trophy. please stand up. [applause] it's fantastic. but you did not enjoy beating those other academies. not too much. and graduating cadet nick reedy became the first person from any service academy to win the college homerun derby. wow. that's a big deal. with a record-breaking 55 home runs. nick, where are you? stand up. [applause] come here. come here. get up here. come here. come here. [applause] you know they gave him such a lousy seat all the way back in

james madison said, knowledge will forever govern ignorance. and those who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power that knowledge gives. the people through the constitution gave us that power. we must exercise it. if you act with contempt for the people and congress, we will find you in contempt of the people and of congress. and i support the resolution. i yield back, mr. chairman. mr. nadler: the gentleman yields back the balance of his time. for what purpose does the gentleman from virginia seek recognition? >> move to strike the last word. mr. nadler: the gentleman is recognized. >> thank you, mr. chairman. as i've sat here and listened, it's getting more and more frustrating to me, and i am sure to people watching at home, how distracted this committee is getting from the issues that truly matter to the american people. mr. cline: we heard congresswoman lesko speak to those. when i get home, my constituents want to know if we're addressing the availability of health care and the accessibility of health care after

but we have a speedometer not just to the future but to the past two because it was james madison thatas the cardinal principal of our justice system that no man should be a judge in his own case. that is what donald trump has managed to effectuate. . >> you just made an argument to impeach donald trump, is that going to happen? >> remember impeachment has two thwarts to it. one is league. and i take those to be serious grave offenses against the character of our government. and i have no question that there is overwhelming evidence that took place. the other part is the political question. this has not been vested in the article three courts to decide. we have a responsibility, those of us that took an oath to take impeachment, to lower prescription drug prices, to pass equal pay for equal work. the democrats are fighting for a progressive policy agenda for america. we have to balance those things as we move forward and defend the constitution and rule of law. i remember reading once that historians say that democracies in a military conflict are slow do rise because they're busy with

he went on to say that birch bayh wrote more of the indiana constitution than any member since james madisonat is an accomplishment. [applause] day hewatson's tweet the died. i will never forget folding reply letters to constituents. an old man came in early for a anding and sat with me asked me about the internship for 30 minutes. i had no idea it was birch bayh. that was birch bayh. that was typically birch bayh. and i want to publicly apologize now to the senator. i know he is listening to this, for making him wait those 30 minutes on me. birch would always comment campaign with me when i had congressional races, and it was always fun, we had a good time. i remember one time in october, it was cold, freezing, snowing, it was so cold in the car that my wife said you could hang meat in the car. birchbirch that tickled -- bit.tickled birch quite a to the dairygo queen when it was snowing outside. that is always where birch wanted to go. another time we were down to jasper, indiana and we were going to go door to door knocking, it was election time, and it began to rain cats and dogs, thunder

james madison described freedom of the press as the right that guarantees all the others. >> you knowg," and it struck me when i was reading some of these accounts especially of lance corporal david hall who was killed in afghanistan. franco writes this. everything can be taken away but one thing, the last human freedom to choose one's attitude. you talk about hall and devotion and why he did what he did. he lost his life in afghanistan because of the choices he made. >> absolutely. of course the holocaust survivor who wrote that tremendous book in the 1940s, david hall was the mine sweeper at the head of the column. every day and at one point they took his mine sweeper away and gave him a promotion. he wouta he wd e mine sweeper there was unambiguous virtue of what he was doing sweeping the path and protecting his fellow marines. the beginning of the book is called gallantry and it's what i saw down there at the world trade center on 9/11 with the fire -- >> ground zero, yeah. >> with the city of new york. it occurred to me those 343 firefighters killed that day. the largest loss of