james madison gets credit for the bill of rights. whereas he initially imposed the concept integrated to support such a document only as a last resort. by contrast he has been brushed aside as an opponent of the constitution. he was a major intellectual contributor to the creation. no one contributed more to the actual document handed george mason. she deserves to be considered one of the fathers of the national government. indeed our greatest political documents the declaration of independence, the bill of rights to the constitution all form a series of circles leading back to george mason. in my view mason should emerge as one of the preeminent literary architects of the american revolution. most americans should read his declaration of rights and his later virginia constitution as a part of the common stock of political and journalistic discourse. mason had the sharp mind of jefferson, the determination of washington, the literary skills of medicine, and the personality and grumpy temperament of john adams. a man seemingly lost in

mason the fifth, sixth, begin to correspond with prominent men the new his grandfather including james madison. madison sympathize with the young man's struggle to gather papers. he said and wrote of mason's achievements quote, that highly distinguished as he was, accounts are more scanty than of many of his contemporaries. far inferior to him in intellectual powers and in public services. although the son of largely dismissed mason as a man is simply refused to sign the constitution, this is not in my view a historically accurate picture of mason. his generosity was unmatched when it came to his family, solicited to his beloved mother while she was still alive, as well to his younger brother and sister. my adulthood, he was already, he had already begun to become a voracious collector of books. he cultivated the arts, the sciences, and agriculture. and even though he lost his dear wife ann at the age of 39, and his lifelong friendship with george washington over his objections to the constitution, mason believed in the fundamental goodness of life. close study of surviving documents and lette

james madison wasn't satisfied, he didn't like this were toleration, he proposed the amendment to make it clear that we have a natural right to freely exercise and with that, i think that i will stop. >> those words or poetic and so much more. that was revolutionary. it was indeed revolutionary. all the states followed suit and banning the office and cutting the churches of from the taxpayer fund through the 1830s. secular government works because there was no such thing of the freedom of religion without the government that is free from religion. the idea was in the nytimes and when it was first implemented in the american expert on it and i'm proud of this fact. i wish every american were proud of this invention. the principles that are central to christianity that can be found in the bible are fundamentally opposed to the principles on which this nation was built. i will get into that in a mome moment. these are ideas that are unique to his religion claiming the credit for ideas that are out there. for instance the golden rule as did the chinese and the millennia before christianity

in fact, james madison's got to be rolling in his grave because james madison's look at these guys going doing? you're supposed to be patriots. okay? we fought a war for this type of 23r50e7 freedom. all 55 of us could have been war criminals in great britain -- >> but it appears there's loyalty to the president and not the constitution zblip think it's loyalty to themselves. self-preservation. >> 11,000 words in the "the atlantic." >> 11,400. >> this was attorney george conway dlark the presidential unfit for office. he says you don't need to be a memorandum health professional to see something is very seriously off with trump particularly after three years of watching his erratic and abnormal behavior in the white house. do you agree with that? >> not only do i adpree with that i think the thing is bliechbly comprehensive. he makes the point early in the artic well the redskins quarterback. if you see a bone break you don't have to be an orthopedic suffrageon. someone should intervene on his behalf. someone who actually cares about him should intervene on his behalf. but since nobody's

james madison the main framer who with. james madison the main framer who was as much of a believer in democracy is anybody in the world that they as much of a believer in democracy is anybody in the world that they nevertheless felt that the united states system should be designed and indeed nevertheless felt that the united states system should be designed and indeed with his initiative was designed so that power should be in the hands of the with his initiative was designed so that power should be in the hands of the wealthy. because the wealthy are the more responsible set of men who wealthy. because the wealthy are the more responsible set of men and therefore the structure of the formal constitutional system placed and therefore the structure of the formal constitutional system placed most power in the hands of the senate or the senate was not elected in those days most power in the hands of the senate or the senate was not elected in those days it was selected from the wealthy men as madison put it had simply to sele

james madison the main framer who was. james madison the main framer who was as much of a believer in democracies as most center of the believe any for any but about accuracy is in the end were able to let it be in the world but the faith that they nevertheless felt that the united states system should be designed and indeed nevertheless felt that the united states system should be designed and indeed with his initiative was designed so that power should be in the hands of the with his initiative was designed so that power should be in the hands of the wealthy. because the wealthy are the more responsible set of men the wealthy. because the wealthy are the more responsible set of men. and therefore these trend there for the for the formal deal struck constructional sideris to move the police to most formal constitutional system placed most power in the hands of the senate or stream for the past hour and it was no hurdle in heck did and in most of days 10. or the senate was not elected in those days it was select from the w

james madison the main framer who. james madison the main framer who was as much of a believer as is ox much of her so the ability for and soon to be any preceding but as i see anybody were in the before of it old baby that they nevertheless felt that the united states system should be designed and indeed nevertheless felt that the united states system should be designed and indeed with his initiative was designed with it is in a passion if howard was diversions or should i be here next hand says it's of the power should be in the hands of the wealthy. because the wealthy are there who will spy on the will submit a committee can boast the whip filthier the more responsible set of men and therefore the structure of the 4 most system plan they said there before the structure of the formal constitutional system placed most power in the hands of the senate or the senate was not elected in those days most power in the hands of the senate or the senate was not elected in those days it was select from the wealthy men as madis

james madison of virginia and james wilson of pennsylvania eventually had to surrender, surrendered tothe wishes of the small states and accept the so-called connecticut compromise that gave equal representation of two senators from each day. the issue in, other words did not divide along sectional lines, although at one point madison tried to suggest that the real division in the convention was between the slave holding and the non slave holding states, everyone knew that this was a tactical faint designed by madison to get the convention off the large and small state division in favor of proportional representation to both houses. so, fearful was he of the power of the state legislatures to officiate national authorityiyk÷ that each state legislature electing to senators that he regarded the connecticut compromise not as a compromise but as a major defeat. now, the party division that arose in the 17 nineties was essentially was not essentially i think between north and south, the difference between the federalists and the jefferson one and republicans was over the nature of the nati

james madison objected. he said that was too vague. impeachment was a remedy for a bad president.madison asked, were to cook up a scheme of speculation? in other words, what if the president were a crook? so george mason of virginia came up with a broader phrase -- high crimes and misdemeanors,s that article 2 section 4 of the american constitution. there was a moment in our history when it saved american democracy. but at other times it's been turned into a cheap political trick, hurled at opponents as a weapon. so which is it right now? >> if ever there were a time too impeef it's now. >> he's got to go. >> almost three years into the trump presidency, call for his impeachment come every day. sometimes every hour. >> i think impeachment. >> impeachment. >> but this was just one day after donald trump was elected president. >> hey hey, ho ho! >> from the first moment, donald trump has been the most polarizing president in an already bitterly divided america. >> we will impeach him. we will impeach him. the people said, but he hasn't done anything wrong? oh, that doesn't matter. w

you can look at james madison, alexander hamilton. all these folks say the primary evil, the thing they are so worried about a president doing, is going and seeking foreign influence over an election and trying to get himself re-elected. it is literally like what the textbook definition of an impeachment is. so he can run. he can try and hide. but he's actually admitted it and, you know, i do believe that in this country, that it is a country that is ultimately one of country over party. and, yes, i know that that's been tested over the last three years, but here the evidence is simple. it's clear, and it's overwhelming. >> have you any reservations over the ability of justices kavanaugh and gorsuch to fairly rule on cases involving the president who appointed them? >> well, i don't think that -- with respect to impeachment, the supreme court has said in a case called nixon v. united states, not president nixon, but walter nixon, a judge, that the supreme court has no role whatsoever in impeachment. i know the president keeps tweeting

james madison claimed, it does not go far enough. superior officers below heads of departments. are in some cases to have the appointment of lesser officers. the class of superior officers is a whole lot broader than the class of heads of departments or principal officers. others recognized it as well. rufus king talking about the senate's role in appointments did not suppose it was meant that all the most minute officers were to be appointmented by the senate but by the higher officers of the departments to which they belong. whether you want to call them superior officers or higher officers, the framers clearly distinguished more important from less important. officers below the level of heads of departments in the scheme of appointment was based on that distinction. so there are actually three categories of officers of the united states recognized by the constitution. principal officers. or heads of department. superior or higher officers. and interior officers. and virtually all of the convention was about superior officers. virtual all the discussion about the constitutiona

that is james madison, james wilson, these are the people we generally identify with, of framing the essence of the constitution. they wanted a popular vote, they could not get it. there are a lot of reasons for that, which i will not go into here, including slavery, including the fight at the time between smaller states and bigger states, which was not as big of a fight as you might think. there were other concerns about what people could learn about the national office. going all the way through and up until what bob was referring to, in the 1960's, at the height of the civil rights movement, most people don't remember this happen, but there was a concerted effort to abolish the electoral college and replace it with a popular vote in the 1960's. in 1969, the house of representatives passed a bill to abolish the electoral college by 82%, easily clearing the threshold for an amendment. it got to the senate, it looks like they might have the votes, the states were on board. 80% of the public wanted a popular vote for president. it gets bottled up in the senate. you know who bottled up

james madison, james wilson. the people we generally identify framing the essence of the constitution. they wanted a popular vote and couldn't get it. there are a lot of reasons for that but i won't go into here, including slavery, including the fight at the time between smaller states and bigger states, which wasn't as big a fight as you might think, but there was one. plus a few other concerns about what people could understand or going up into what bob was referring to, was this effort in the 1960's at the height of the civil rights movement, and most people don't remember this happen, but there was a concerted effort to abolish the electoral college and replace it with a popular vote in the mid-1960's. in 1969, the house of representatives passed a bill to abolish the electoral college by something like 82%, easily clearing the threshold for an amendment. hey got to the senate. it looked like they might have the votes. the states were on board. 80% of the public wanted a popular vote for president. it gets bo

back when they were writing of the constitution, james madison was quite confident and he assured everybody not to worry. we would never have a bad man as president. if we did, congress would assuredly use its impeachment authority and its oversight authority to check his power. the problem is congress seems to have stepped back from its investigative authority for a number of years. the president has figured out in fact its enforcement authority really is a bit of a paper tiger. they don't have the power of arrest. they have to go to court together documents. they are not as strong as medicine thought they were, at least not today -- madison thought they were, at least not today. for an was looking opinion about executive privilege. i don't find that persuasive but he was in a really difficult position. a subordinate with an urgent concern relating to his boss. i sort of feel for him a little bit. he is not even the full-time dni. he is the acting director of national intelligence. as he said, he is still using his gps to figure out where the office is. he is that new. mcguire needs a bit

the secretary of defense, james madison said at the meeting was trump was so why are we doing this and james madison said something that is probably one sa the most chilling things i ever heard as a reporter. he said to the president, mr. president, we are doing all the things to prevent world war iii. number one job of a president is to prevent world war iii in my view. look at other presidents and look at bush senior, george herbert walker bush, when he was president imagine him meeting and the secretary of defense was dick cheney and imagine dick cheney having to say to president bush by the way,to wee spending all this money and we have all these allies and we are doing this work and have this massive military to prevent world war iii and bush knew that. presidents need to know that. that it is not realized and i hope it is now realized by president trump but you have to put it's a matter of scale in a matter of vulnerability but if we ever have nuclear weapons used in the world it will should that happen, god help us it does not but should that happen that's not just going to do f

virginia famously got rid of its established religion when james madison and thomas jefferson opposed it and led the fight to say there is no established church but colonies have been settled by different religious people. calvinists, in virginia, catholic proprietors of maryland, quaker proprietor in pennsylvania. and the founding fathers said this is a religiously diverse country. we are not going to try to have the federal government impose a religious uniformity, free exercise thereof and people can choose whatever religion they want. it is one way, with diverse origins, operate successfully over the years. >> host: we are taking your text messages as well. what will it take for a third party to upstage the two main parties and gain more equitable power away with them? >> history tells us that. former president who had won a second term by the largest percentage ever recorded up until that date decided to have a third political party and run again under the constitution. suppose the president got his party on the ballot in every one of the states in a majority of these non-souther

in football james madison has withdrawn from the england squad for the euro qualifiers against the czecharia because of illness. the leicester city midfielder, who is yet to make his senior debut, won't be replaced in the squad. england will qualify for next year's european championship if they beat the czechs in prague tomorrow night the two—time grand slam champion naomi osaka has taken steps to give up her us citizenship so she can represent japan at next year's olympics in tokyo. she has played for japan in the fed cup but japanese law stipulates that she has to commit to just one nationality before her 22nd birthday which is next week. the british number two heather watson is celebrating her biggest win in more than two years. she's through to the quarter—finals at the tianjin open in china. she dropped just three games against the world number 22, wang qiang, who's ranked over 100 places above her. it's only watson's second win on tour this year. she'll play poland's magda linette in the quarters. win that and she will break back into the top 100 players as well. that's all the spo

james madison to take and he makes it eight!gue history. thenjamie vardy‘s penalty gave him a hat—trick and the 9—0 final score equals the biggest—ever win. that's it from us. now on bbc one, time for the news where you are. have a very good night. hello and welcome to sportsday. i'm lizzie greenwood—hughes. the headlines tonight... leicester run riot at southampton — equalling the premier league record — scoring 9 goals on their way to second in the table. he's in the eye of the storm but eddiejones is the epitome of calm ahead of their world cup semi—final. and britain's golden boy of swimming — adam peaty invites us to watch while he has his latest tattoo! so a busy sportsday, all the rugby to come but we're starting with football and leicester's incredible 9 nil victory over southampton. it equals the premier league record and it moves them up to second place in the table — while conversely — the huge scoreline means southampton now drop into the bottom 3. austin halewood reports. a night for the premier league purists, torr

james madison, the architect of the constitution, said this constitution is designed tomorrow for a moral and religious people it's wholly incapable of managing any other type. that's why it's so important we reverse this trend of godlessness in our country. it's why i'm so gradeful and supportive of president trump who wants to end these attacks on religion that have been launched by the courts the last decade. it has to stop if america has any hope of surviving. pastor robert jeffress. thank you so much. up next. my commentary on yet another extraordinary week in washington, d.c. stay with us. i will be right back. lou: the week began with the president recalling troops in northeastern syria. at the end of the week, slapping down a republican senator who threatened to become the president's worst nightmare. good luck with that threat, by the way. the senator has a lot of competition. mitch mcconnell trying to single handedly legitimize the radical dimms' efforts to overthrow the president. the radical dimms who haven't had an original idea in their lives, but they are trying to destroy

she had tried to acquire a portrait of james madison. 1970, i think it was. i do remember when the blue room was unveiled. major project. it was copied and replicated for the blue room. receptionhaving this and it was the evening. they went on with the reception. >> good questions. right here. >> misses trump went to an active combat zone and i do not think she got a lot of coverage, commentators and this this is bush is nixon. press. nixon get much come -- coverage at the time? what about that story about her being in a helicopter? >> she was the first lady to go to an active combat zone. it was while i was working for misses bush and i went to the center in philadelphia. there was an exhibit on first ladies. i did not know that she is the most traveled first lady. .o one has eclipsed that peeling back the layers. she was fearless. timerms of coverage at the , i am not sure. the nixonommend foundation. years,last couple of there has been so much attention paid to the contribution of this extraordinary woman. not only the impact that she had , themen and wome

the crucial feature for james madison, the chief architect of the constitution, was giving to those who administer each department or branch the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. ambition must be made to counteract ambition, he wrote. but the system only works if all sides respect it. at the end of the day, congress does not have an army or police force at its disposal. nor does the supreme court. these institutions rely on the president to accept their authority and enforce their laws and rulings. when the supreme court held unanimously that richard nixon could not use executive privilege to withhold the watergate tapes, nixon immediately agreed to comply even though he knew it would mean the end of his presidency. all modern u.s. presidents, both republican and democratic, have expanded their powers, but trump is on a different planet. he has refused to comply with wholly constitutional legislative requests. he has diverted money to a project clearly not funded by congress. reportedly promised pardons for officials who might bre

james madison, the architect of the constitution, said this constitution is designed tomorrow for a moral managing any other type. that's why it's so important we reverse this trend of godlessness in our country. it's why i'm so gradeful and supportive of president trump who wants to end these attacks on religion that have been launched by the courts the last decade. it has to stop if america has any hope of surviving. pastor robert jeffress. thank you so much. up next. my commentary on yet another extraordinary week in washington, d.c. stay with us. i will be right back. with sofi, get your credit cards right- by consolidating your credit card debt into one monthly payment. and get your interest rate right. so you can save big. get a no-fee personal loan up to $100k. i get it all the time. "have you lost weight?" of course i have- ever since i started renting from national. because national lets me lose the wait at the counter... ...and choose any car in the aisle. and i don't wait when i return, thanks to drop & go. at national, i can lose the wait...and keep it off. looking good, patri

james madison wrote that, went on to become secretary of state and president. come jefferson wrote about a wall separating church and state. he went on to become secretary of state and president. it's worth wondering, at least worth asking what they would make of a christian leadership message right there on the thoroughly modern electronic beacon of american state craft around the world. that's our broadcast monday night. as we begin a new week, we're on tomorrow night the minute the cnn debate is over. thank you for being here with us. good night from our nbc news headquarters here in new york. >>> the president appearing to distance himself from his own attorney at the white house. >> well, i don't know, i haven't spoken to rudy, i spoke to him yesterday briefly, he's a very good attorney, and he has been my attorney, yes. >> whoa, whoa, whoa, what? i haven't spoken to rudy, i spoke to him yesterday. donald trump is all over the place. he is like the president, we have not spoken to rudy, when we speak to rudy all the time. the president's personal attorney

george washington wrote to james madison, as i will be the first of everything, i want to make sure iet right. he didn't mean first as in the top guy in the way that the incumbent would mean it. he meant the first in a long series. president roosevelt once said that the presidency is preem -- preem lently a place of moral leadership, embodying the best we can be. the best we can say of our former presidents is that they are imperfect people who left us a more perfect union. and in this case we just have an imperfect person. right now the union in many ways, you know you and i know a lot of saying smart patriotic folks who are not sure we survive this man. i have continued to be hopeful that we do, but that hope is based on believing that a sufficient number of us will say, and particularly those of us who have been power in the public square in congress, in the senate, will say, you know what? i don't want to be joe mccarthy. i want to be margaret j. smith. i don't want to be -- i think that's the kind of conversation we have to have. >> i am going to hold it right here. let me slip i

deeply stronger tones, we are doing ths soberly and judiciously, and quoting -- she's quoting james madison, throwing references for their federal favor, she is trying to give it the air of impartiality. speech go to my stomach >> if the gravitas. >> laura: it's a somber tone, we don't want to do this, but we are compelled to do this. does that wash? >> it does not wash and the fact of the matter is, and impeachment inquiry or an inquiry of impeachment does not start because the speaker says it does. throwing around a magic wand, and the impeachment is a formal document, as you know, this is how the impeachment process was started back in 1998. as well as back in 1973, 1974 with nixon. it's a very formal document that places the responsibility where it should be and where the house rules required to be and that is of the judiciary committee. but, i think nancy pelosi is doing this sort of foe impeachment inquiry because they think that this might very well fall apart before their very eyes and if there is no formal inquiry they can go back and say, well, we didn't really mean it anyway. >>

need to go back and reread what our founding fathers said when crafting the constitution, like james madison worrying about a president possibly losing the trust to a foreign power. maybe they need to be reminded of that. they all want to walk around with constitutions in their pockets. they used to do that when obama was president and bring it out and talk about how obama violated the constitution all the time. well, maybe they need to go back and read it. what these republicans are doing by not saying anything, at least denouncing a president going to foreign powers and abusing his power to influence an american election, at least they can say that. there's been already a lot of evidence that they could come out and condemn, but they won't because they're cowards. frankly, this idea of the president going after corruption, the republicans are buying that line. where are they about the president's corruption? where are they about the president's inaugural committee under investigation? where are they about his own kids who are profiting off their position in the presidency? jared kushner an

what we are doing right here is consistent with the words of james madison who in federalist 51 said the house should be a rival to the executive branch. why did madison use the word sflivel the founders didn't want a king they didn't want a dictator, they didn't want a monarch, they wanted a democracy and that is exactly what we are defending right now, no one is above the law. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from oklahoma. mr. cole: thank you very much, madam speaker. i yield two minutes to my good friend, the distinguished conference chair for the republican party, ms. chaney from wyoming. the speaker pro tempore: the gentlelady is recognized for two minutes. ms. cheney: thank you very much, thank you to the republican leader of the rules committee for yielding to me. we have heard a desperation almost on the part of my colleague on the other side of the aisle that the nation take this body seriously then they need to start acting like they take themselves seriously, madam speaker. when we are here, when we are here talking about this grave and solemn obligation we have add

what we are doing right here is consistent with the words of james madison who in federalist 51 said that the house should be a rival to the executive branch, and why did madison use the word rival? because the foun ders did not want a king. they did not want a dictator. they did not want a monarch, but they wanted a democracy and that is what we are defending right now, and no one is above the law. >> gentleman from oklahoma. >> thank you very much, madam speaker, i yield two minutes to my good friend and distinguished conference chair for the republican party, ms. cheney from wyoming. >> the gentle lady is recognized for two minutes. >> thank you and thank you to the republican leader for the rules committee for yielding to me. and madam speaker we have a heard a desire and desperation from my colleagues thoron the o side of the aisle that this nation take this body seriously, then they need to start acting like they take themselves seriously here, and when we are here discussing this grave and solemn obligation to addressing impeachment we know madam speaker what a serious process

james madison said the bar for impeachment had to be high, otherwise if you simply routinely impeach presidents, they would be serving at the pleasure of the congress. they don't. they're elected by the american people. so it looks as though what nancy pelosi decided to do is to indeed try president trump in the press. just as kim was describing. you have these closed hearings, you listen to these witnesses and then you leak it to the press and you create a kind of tumult around the president. it's driving the polls and now the support for impeachment has crossed 50%. paul: have you heard of the idea of impeaching a president, serious business, and letting the central witnes, witness, the whistleblower in this case, testify a anonymously, maybe behind a screen, with the face shielded? it's remarkable. >> yeah. i think i understand their strategy is to try the president in the press, drive his political numbers down. that said, impeachment is at the center of this and the reasons you're suggesting here, at some point -- the american people stand back and are going to ask what is going

james madison took the best notes of the constitutional convention. and benjamin franklin made sure he gave the last big speech. he said, i confess there are several parts of this constitution which i do not at present to prove. -- approve. but i am not sure i shall never approve them, for having lived long, i have experienced many instances of being obliged by many considerations or forward information to change opinions on many subjects which i once found right, but found otherwise. it is therefore that the older i grow, the more apt i am to doubt my own judgment and pay more respect to the judgment of others. with our students, if we could get them act to that place where they understood this was a contested process, and franklin ends the day by talking about how optimistic he was, the chair george washington had been sitting in, he had been staring at it at the convention and it had a sun on it, and he said that that was a rising sun, not a setting sun. so to bring the energy that existed at that time and bring it back to the classroom, is crucial

george washington wrote to james madison that, as i will be the first of everything, i want to make sure i get it right. and he didn't mean first as in the top guy in the way that the incumbent would mean it. he meant the first in a long series. president roosevelt, fdr once said that the presidency is preeminently a place of moral leadership. it's about modeling and embodying hopefully the best we can be. they don't get it right all the time. the best we can say of our former presidents is that they're imperfect people who left us a more perfect union. and in this case, we just have an imperfect person, and right now the union in many ways -- you know, you and i know a lot of sane, smart, patriotic folks who really are not sure we survive this man. i continue to be hopeful that we do, but that hope is based on believing that a sufficient number of us will say -- and particularly those of us who have been given power in the public square, in congress, in the senate -- we'll say, you know what? i don't want to be joe mccarthy. i want to be margaret chase smith. i don't want to be george w

it was james madison that said at the constitutional convention the reason these provisions for impeachment should have been and were included in the constitution was because they feared that a president could betray the trust of the american people to a foreign power. those were the words of one of our founders. that's what's happening here. >> all right. thank you so much. you should learn some daniel webster for the crowd you're about to talk to. >> i'll beef up on that on the way to the american legion. >> coming up as democrats pursue an impeachment inquiry, nancy pelosi is reminding the president of a rule from his casino days. >> donald, you used to own a casino. you know the house always wins. ok everyone! our mission is to provide complete, balanced nutrition... for strength and energy! whoo-hoo! great-tasting ensure. with nine grams of protein and twenty-seven vitamins and minerals. ensure, for strength and energy. cake in the conference room! showing 'em you're ready... to be your own boss. that's the beauty of your smile. crest's three dimensional whitening... ...removes stains,

of the constitution in philadelphia, from the federalist papers concerning its adoption, from james madison's contemporaneous notes, it's that two things the framers feared most, one was foreign interference in our affairs, and two was corruption of office by which i mean abuse of a public office to serve and acquire a private gain. both of those are absolutely out there on top of the table in the president's invitation, really encouragement, to ukraine to get dirt on his political opponent. he said "i need a favor, though," he said, "we're doing a lot for you in military. i know that, you know that. i need a favor, though." that means if you want to receive the money, which i've just frozen $400 million worth of. you think zelensky didn't know that when the call occurred? i find that very unlikely. >> yeah. yeah. we've heard it's been reported, cnn and others, that ukrainian officials felt that implicit pressure there. >> so what i'm saying is this is a classically, not only impeachable, but removable offense. and having an executive was new to the columnists. they had no executive in the ar