everyone understood james madison would be the successor to thomas jefferson. problem was now you had james monroe, who had been governor in virginia. he had been secretary of state under james madison. he again becomes president. a lot of other people are starting to say, wait a minute. how come the virginians are consistently getting nominated for this office and winning? by the time munroe's presidency is winding down, it is 1824 and competition has been brewing for years. people cannot wait to jump in. they have a lot of candidates and one of those was actually william crawford, who had been secretary of the treasury, if i recall, and crawford gets what's called the king caucus endorsement. the caucus was essentially a meeting of each party's congressional delegation to determine who should be the nominee. it is kind of derogatorily referred to that way because people from outside washington were saying, wait a minute. congressional members get to elect the chief? we are in a democratic country. you have this sense that the fix is in. crawford gets this nomi

but in new york james madison describes congress to be in a wilderness of no path forward had ever been written before so they had to decide on the politics surrounding the decision to locate the capital on the banks of the potomac from the general assembly and for congress to build a capital there. but also the question of the committee system and what would the rules be. about the standing government and madison became and then to think we didn't really needed it. with the anti- federalist that the central government would become too powerful. it is a fascinating story than the author of the gerrymander which help to get rid of in this congress he makes a number of appearances in the book. and then to be part of the architect of the big compromise and those that were represented according to population in the senate and each state would get two senators. there are a lot of fascinating details about our political history is called the first congress. >> thank you for your time. >> thank you for having me. >> now we have the main event. have the pleasure of introducing who needs no intr

pay them madison decided to pay them the first federal congress meets to put together chaplains james madisonis on the committee for the house and one for the senate and madison votes for the bill. but that i can actually agree with mister seidel because he is exactly right they are looking at practices through all american history, but there is another way. and looking at the original understanding of the establishment clause. and hear an excellent case can be made without constitutional principle we are having an established church to have things like paid chaplain or prayers are presidential calls for prayer this is not a violation of the constitutional principles enacted in the establishment clause. >> in kentucky and several other states it has brought us in god we trust to be displayed in public schools. >> is that in violation expect the current national motto in god we trust is unconstitutional and violate the central principle of separation and church and state that government should be neutral congress shall make no law respectingf an establishment of religion or the free exercise t

indeed, in a strangely prophetic letter to james madison in 1790, he complained about marshall and said we need to find something better to do with him to get him out of the way. "nothing could be better done than to make him a judge." well, that which became true, much to jefferson's chagrin. the theory would be that william johnson would be an ardent supporter of the jeffersonian approach to things. one small problem -- they selected him on the recommendation of the secretary of the treasury, his name sent to the senate, confirmed, james madison sent him a letter saying congratulations, would you accept? a rather strange pattern in those days. no due diligence was overtaken and they were unaware of the fact that johnson, while on the south carolina court, authored an opinion which if it had come to light have given at least distress if not downright apoplexy to thomas jefferson. why? because in that opinion he did two things that were anathema. he recognized the heresy of implied powers and he recognized the constitutionality of the bank of the united states. this is why i refer to th

james madison the main framer who was as much of a believer in democracy is james madison the main framer who was as much of a believer in democracy is anybody in the world that they nevertheless felt that the united states system anybody in the world that they nevertheless felt that the united states system should be designed and indeed with his initiative was designed them should be designed and indeed with his initiative was designed so that power should be in the hands of the wealthy. because the will so that power should be in the hands of the wealthy. because the wealthy are the more responsible set of men and therefore the structure of the all thier the more responsible set of men and therefore the structure of the formal constitutional system placed most power in the hands of the senate the formal constitutional system placed most power in the hands of the senate or the senate was not elected in those days it was select from the wealthy or the senate was not elected in those days it was selected from the wealthy men as madison put it had sympathy for property owners in their right

james madison being the father of the constitution. towards the end of the 51st federalist, james madison puts it perfectly as we look at the challenge we face today. he said, justice is the end of government. it is the end of civil society. it ever has been and ever will be pursued until it be obtained or until liberty be lost in the pursuit. speaker, if you would indulge me for a moment, i would like to make a unanimous consent request that on the motion to recommit, that we be granted five minutes on each side for the purpose of comment. for the purpose of debate. >> has the gentleman from illinois yielded for that request? >> yes, mr. speaker. five minutes on each side on the motion to recommit is justifiable. >> thank you. i would like now to recognize jersey,leman from new mr. steve rothman, and able member of the committee from the judiciary. >> thank you, mr. speaker. after a four and a half year investigation into every aspect of president clinton's public and private life, ken starr presented the house with 11 allegations of

james madison the frank. james madison the main framer who was as much of a believer in democracy is anybody in the world that i am or who was as much of a believer in democracy is anybody in the world that they nevertheless felt that the united states system should be designed and if they nevertheless felt that the united states' system should be designed and indeed was his initiative was designed and he says the power should be in with his initiative was designed so the hoops that power should be in and he can serve the wealth of the earth there are more responsible with a set of healthy. because the wealthier the more responsible set of men and therefore the structure of the formal constitutional system in and therefore the structure of the formal constitutional system placed most power in the hands of the senate or the senate was not elected in the placed most power in the hands of the senate or the senate was not elected in those days it was selected from the wealthy men as madison put it head was dazed

james madison disagreed. president, madison asked, were to cook up a scheme of speculation? in other words, what if the president were a crook? so george mason came up with a broader phrase, high crimes and misdemeanors, and that is article 2, section 4 of the american constitution. there was a moment in our history when it saved american democracy, but at other times it's been turned into a cheap political trick hurled at opponents as a weapon. so which is it right now? >> the president deserves to be impeached. >> he's got to go. >> almost three years into the trump presidency, calls for his impeachment come every day. sometimes every hour. >> i say impeachment. >> impeachment. >> impeach trump. impeach trump. >> whew. >> thousands are in the streets here this evening. >> but this was just one day after donald trump was elected president. >> from the first moment donald trump has been the most polarizing president in an already bitterly divided america. >> we will impeach him. we will impeach him the people

james madison has been excelling in the premier league with leicester city.eased from the last squad for illness, he was pictured ina squad for illness, he was pictured in a casino. cepheid says them and are supported maddison by putting them in the squad, but these are important considerations character and maturity as he conduce to build his brotherhood in the england dressing room. —— southgate says englander supporting him. the manchester united women's manager casey stoney has said she believes phil neville should stay in position as england manager, despite a bad run of results and coming fourth at the world cup. she was speaking ahead of the sold out friendly against germany at wembley this weekend. stoney herself won 130 caps for england. he's very committed to his players and they are on a journey. they can't stomach if they can show up in the world cup, he will be his biggest critic. from what i've heard from the players, they are targeting those areas now because they want to go to those areas now because they want to gotoa those areas now because

james madison objected. he said that was too vague.ad president. but what if a president, madison asked, were to cook up a scheme of speculation? in other words, what if the president were a crook? so george mason of virginia came up with a broader phrase -- high crimes and misdemeanors, and that is article ii, section 4 of the american constitution. there was a moment in our history when it saved american democracy. but at other times it's been turned into a cheap political trick hurled at opponents as a weapon. so which is it right now? >> the president deserved to be impeached. >> he's got to go. >> almost three years into the trump presidency, calls for his impeachment come every day, sometimes every hour. >> i say impeachment, impeachment, impeachment. >> impeach trump! impeach trump! >> thousands are in the streets out here this evening. >> but this was just one day after donald trump was elected president. from the first moment, donald trump has been the most polarizing president in an already bitterly divided america. >> we wil

virginia famously got rid of its established religion with james madison and thomas jefferson leading the fight to say there is no established church but the counties had been settled by different religious people. massachusetts, catholic proprietors in maryland , quaker proprietors in pennsylvania. the founding fathers said this is a religiously diverse country. we are not going to try to have the federal government impose a religious uniformity in this country. we will have total freedom of religion and free exercise thereof and people can choose whatever religion they want. it is one way that you make a continental size country with diverse origins from the beginning operate successfully over the years. host: we are taking your text messages as well. this is from northern virginia saying what would it take for a third-party to upstage the two main parties and gain more equitable power with them? guest: it would take quite a lot. history tells us that. president whoer had won a second term by the largest percentage ever recorded up until that date decided to lead a third political p

james madison said -- i'm sorry to go back to the federalist papers. >> not at all. >> james madison said we do not remove a president for malfeasance. so if we think a president is doing a bad job or malfeasance is worse than doing a bad job. if that's the case and in the debates and the constitutional convention, they talked about if that's the case, you do not elect him. you elect somebody else. and here unlike with bill clinton and unlike with richard nixon, who both of them, the impeachment proceedings were in their second term, here by the time the trial in the senate, if there's an impeachment, is over, we're going to be right in the middle of primary and an election time. so i really think the question is if we think this president is not up to the standards that a president should hold and stand up for our children, then maybe we should just elect somebody else. >> yeah. listen, i just wanted to clarify. the essence of the question was what do you think of the president's defenses so far, not whether he should be impeached or not by either house, either chamber of congress,

maggie: it fits into the checks james madison put the clearest ar took lislation that divided sovereignty was essential because if you a made one branch or element in the compact too powerful the interests of that sect wouldr take o and run away with the system. they were aiming for a balance. they were aiming for the insight that we were all sinful and driven by appetite and ambition and therefore we had to divide authority, divide power in a way that would prent any one element from knocking the whole system out o fwhack. impeachment was one of the checks and balances on the executive and judicial branches. it came out of the english common law and 14th century idea. in the constitution, it is a med brief article, treason, bribery or other high crimes and rs misdemea as gerald ford said in the 20th century high crime and misdemeanor is whatever a majority of the house of representatives decides it is at a given moment. but the essential element, the reason for having impeachment as rge mason said of virginia shall any man be above justice and can that and should that man who h the most

james madison the main framer who was as much of a believer in democracy is anybody in the world that they nevertheless felt that the united states' system should be designed and indeed was his initiative was designed so that power should be in the hands of the wealthy. because the wealthier there are more responsible set of men and therefore the structure of the formal constitutional system placed most power in the hands of the senate or the senate was not elected in those days it was selected from the wealthy men as madison put it had sympathy for property owners in their right. to read the debates at the constitutional convention. madison the major concern of the society has to be to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority. and hear argument suppose everyone had to vote freely as they will the majority of the poor get together and they would organize to take away the property of the rich and he said that would obviously be unjust so he can't have that so therefore the constitutional system has to be set up to prevent democracy. which is of some interest that this d

their support i think that's right it's very sad to say that doesn't mean all hope is lost and james madisonwho was one of the founders of our constitution said that people are the primary check on the government and i think we'll have to see whether the people whether we can stand up for ourselves are our representatives in congress republican representatives in the house and in the senate i see no evidence that they will do so it's very sad to say that in the real world many republicans as you said people are testifying these are not democrats these are not partisans they understand what's going on republicans in congress are unable to act but i'm just wondering now that we've had this vote and the process goes on behind closed doors into a public process if we start to hear from the likes of john bolton france's former national security advisor who may very well now be subpoenaed if we hearing from people of that caliber who are critical i he would you saying about how rusted on the bases about the partisan nature but at some point does that not tip the balance given how public these hear

james madison, who wrote those articles of impeachment, is probably spin anything his grave dish spaininge. they probably thought there'd be more valor -- gerry: i think people would say is, again, yes, you may have -- what you said about some of those republicans may be true, but a lot of them will say, and i've had conversations with them, these are thoughtful people -- some, by the way, are stepping down next year, so they've got no particular vested interest in running, they'll say, look, what the president did with that ukrainian phone call wasn't wise, he exercised poor judgment, but we remove a president from office for that less than a year before the people get to decide? >> there's 193 nations in the united nations. president's been president for almost three years. do you think he had one phone call like that or do you think there are many phone calls that have been stuffed into that super secret server? [inaudible conversations] i know the guy's personality. i'm willing to bet a large amount of money that there isn't just one phone call like that. gerry: so you think he's tryi

affect his support i think that's right it's very sad to say that doesn't mean all hope is lost james madison who was one of the founders of our constitution said that people are the primary check on the government and i think we'll have to see whether the people whether we can stand up for ourselves are our representatives in congress republican representatives in the house and in the senate i see no evidence that they will do so it's very sad to say that in the real world many republicans people are testifying these are not democrats these are not partisans they understand what's going on republicans in congress are unable to donald trump and the supporters call this a coup it's not a coup this is what's supposed to happen we must try it. demonstrations will geria have rejected plans for elections in december be needed free will. was. here to get into this world and he would like to present abilities beautifully for it to be removed from power but he was forced from office in april but many of his former allies still hold senior positions protesters tried to dictates the will be chief. who

affect his support i think that's right it's very sad to say that doesn't mean all hope is lost james madison who was one of the founders of our constitution said that people are the primary check on the government and i think we'll have to see whether the people whether we can stand up for ourselves are our representatives in congress republican representatives in the house and in the senate i see no evidence that they will do so it's very sad to say that in the real world many republicans people are testifying these are not democrats these are not partisans they understand what's going on republicans in congress are unable to donald trump and supporters call this a coup it's not a coup this is what's supposed to happen we must try it. iraq's president has to hold early elections and says a prime minister and he will resign but only once a replacement is agreed large crowds have again made their way to thaw please square in central baghdad on thursday night more than 200 people have been killed in the weeks of violent and government protests natasha going to from baghdad and. 9 and a half mi

ph the process the reason why i mention that is that you've got people like alexander hamilton james madison i mean the writing of the constitution that set this is what is a political process where the criminal process anything else and it follows i hate to say this the set of rules that congress really decides this was the fall so i know what all of us i get a lot of talks in the united states look it will ask me well what are the rules what's supposed to happen etc etc i say there's an awful lot of questions out there that people really don't have a clear answers to and i don't want to quite say congress makes it up in the process but over time after for a piece with congress sort of mix it up a little bit as it goes yeah but david if i can stay with you here i absolutely agree with you but the way it's being perceived by the public and i and there's been polling data on this is that it seems intensely unfair what is going on here coaching witnesses not allowing the of the of the other party to ask questions not allowing them have a point of order i mean it seems inherently unfair and i t

established church in the period of the 17 eighties with the advocacy of thomas jefferson and james madison who struggled against established religion that is a big change from the european heritage you have established church in england and scotland and ireland and still have that established church in england and scotland and it was understood and most of those countries in europe the scandinavia countries that were lutheran and the king of france was the most catholic majesty so that was a real change the farmers made something that they considered very serious and when george washington goes on his trip through the states and greeted by the synagogue to make a special point that those are not given tolerance and those in the republic with freedom of religion. . . . . more federal spending and higher taxes. those are the decisions people make. >> host: the cover includes the american flag and sandcastle. >> things change about bankruptcy gradually and suddenly and donald trump is part so we are taking time getting used i to it. >> host: thanks for stopping by we appreciate. >> thank you.

james madison put it perfectly. he said justice is the end of government. it is the end of civil society. until liberty will be lost in the pursuit. >> if you would indulge me for a moment i would like to make a unanimous consent request. we would be granted five minutes on each side for the purpose of comments. for the purpose of debate. gentleman of illinois yielded to the purpose of michigan for that request? >> i think five minutes on each side is justifiable. i support the gentleman and his request. >> i would like the speaker to recognize the gentleman from jersey -- from new jersey. >> after a 4.5 year investigation of every aspect of president clinton's public and private life, ken starr presented the house with 11 allegations of impeachment all relating only to the president parchment -- president's misconduct with monica and -- monica lewinsky. and let the chips fall where they may. republicans say they won't be limited to the 4.5 year investigation. too feel mr. starr was light on president clinton, so they wanted and impeachment inquiry. charges

selected him on the recommendation of the secretary of treasury, name sent to the senate, confirmed, james madison sent him a letter saying would you accept? a strange pattern. no due diligence was overtaken and they were unaware of the fact johnson while on the south carolina court authored an opinion which if it had come to light have given at least gastric distress if not apoplexy to thomas jefferson. in that opinion he did two things that were anathema. he recognized the heresy of implied powers and he recognized the constitutionality of the bank of the united states. as --r to william johnson i hate this term but people like to talk about stealth nominees. this was our first stealth nominee. jefferson thought they had put the jeffersonian cat among the federalist canaries. they were going to be greatly disappointed. johnson carved out a record during his tenure on the court of support for virtually all of the main positions embraced by john marshall. this was not because john marshall's legendary persuasive powers. it was because if you look at care at the record, the indication was already t

when i said that washington was not loved by thomas jefferson, he was not loved by james madison and not loved by james monroe. he was not loved by the townspeople of winchester either. and notice that his pathetic showing in the first round at the top -- no one was interested much in george washington. famously then james was, who was a patron of washington's, not as important as dinwiddie but he was a patron of george washington's and he stepped in and there are other people who know about these elections, more than i do but apparently james wood put up the money to buy this election for george washington but i am not sure that was an accurate statement. there was a lot of james wood money involved in getting george washington eventually elected. >> [inaudible] >> right. right. the change in the election between 1757 and 1758 was dramatic. something happened. washington did not suddenly become a popular figure on his own. so, then, everything changes in 1758, dramatically. the british send a better army across pennsylvania to fort duquesne. and they eventually compel the french to b

similarly james madison would've become the second amendment. it did not make it into the constitution but he brought it back up when the militia act was debated. in terms of the election of donald trump i think there are many factors that go into that i want to begin to try to sort them out for you or evaluate them. >> one thing you said i think it's very powerful to use religious arguments in america. i cite the bible all the time. one of my favorite passages is in the sixth chapter of matthew. he condemns those who pray in public as hypocrites we use this line when we write to government officials who are doing at the national day of prayer for instance. it can be very effective. the rise of christian nationalism is really what you're talking about. the best indicator and predictor of a trump voter in the 2016 election was not political party it was not religion despite how much you care about that. it was not race or racism. it was thinking the united states was founded as a christian nation. that is the best predictor in the 2015 election.

think it's ironic those who studied early american history and the framing of our constitution, james madisoneory that it would be the legislative branch that would serve as a vortex for all the power of the other branches of government. we can't give powers away quickly enough. congress does not want to make difficult decisions we passed very bad laws. leaving details up to the large administrative agencies here in washington dc and then come abhome and lament the honor elected again accountable bureaucrats we are going to elect. that's why you introduce the rains act, look it up. with respect to spending, we delegated a lot of spending authority to the executive branch. and then more power in particular is a whole other conversation not to get into it but you still have on the books an authorization for the use of military force dating back to dismount after i entered the c navy after high school 1991. that's a real problem. that shows congress hasn't even been doing basic housekeeping with respect to more powers. we need to claw back some of this authority, it's been a real point of emphas

think it's ironic, those who studied early american history in the framing of our constitution, james madisonad a fear it would be the legislative branch that would serve as a vortex for all the power of the other branches of government. hack, we can't give powers away quickly enough. congress does not want to make difficult decisions and it's not confined to foreign policy. we passed very vague logs, punting on the difficult decisions, leaving the details up to the large administrative agencies here in washington, d.c. and then we come home and limit the unelected unaccountable bureaucrats for ruining our lives, right? so that's why i introduced the reins act to help address that structural challenge. with respect to spending, we delegated a lot of spending authority to the executive branch and then war powers in particular, a whole other conversation and have to get into but when you still have on the books and authorization for use of military force dating back to just months after i entered the u.s. navy after high school, 1991. that's a real problem that shows that congress hasn't even b

and james madison said very quietly, the gentleman seem to have forgodden something. if the president shelters someone who's commit crimes the president himself saw or participated in, the president will be impeached. >> so madison at that moment understands impeachment precisely to play the role as the check to an unchecked power? >> completely. so the parteden power was one of the number of authorities people were worried about and hamilton and many others thought the reason for the impeachment clause is to say that abuse of power is an impeachable offense. and that goes back the prerevolutionary period when the american colonists had started impeaching agent oz of the king on the basis they had abused their authority. >> there's a broader theme in which there are all kinds of ways his power is wielded that are lawless f not illegal. and the faith about actions the government is taking end up making it hard to can credit what he's doing as orderly or a proper use of the powers lawfully executed. >> so that's how the census case got resolved, justice roberts who was