picture a minute the young james madison for whom this school is named. focused on one of the most important of madison's amendments, the second amendment. there are some who will continue to fight to gut the second amendment, but i would be willing to bet that many of you will be among those who stand up and prevent them from succeeding. >> 911. what is your emergency. >> defending it is a challenge and a duty that americans like you. >> the school is being shot up. >> someone is shooting into my classroom. >> who understand what has made the country the envy of the world must accept as their own. >> is anyone injured? >> yes, yes, a lot of blood. please help, please. >> an overwhelming majority of you will go to college while others may decide to chase a dream to a different route to success. >> school, the school. >> do you know how many people are injured? >> my advice to you is simple enough, follow your dream. and make it a reality. >> my son is in stillman. my daughter just texted me from school. she's at stoneman douglas. >> and never for a minute

picture for a minute the young james madison, for whom this school is named. his year you focus on one of the most important of madison's amendment, the second amendment. there are some who will continue to fight the second amendment but i would be willing to bet that many of you would be among those who stand up and prevent them from succeeding. >> not everyone what is your emergency? >> defending it is a challenge and a duty that americans like you -- >> somebody is in the school shooting in my classroom. >> who understand what has made the country -- >> is anybody injured? >> yes a lot of people, please help. >> an overwhelming majority of you will go to college while others may decide their dream dictates a different route to success. >> do you know how many people are injured? >> so my advice to use simple enough, follow your dreams. make it a reality. >> my daughter just texted me from school. >> and never for a minute doubt that you can achieve that dream. thank you. >> oh my god. [noise] >> follow your dream and make it a reality. never four minute doub

with the amount of time i have spent with young people, to get more students to understand what james madison did. what dolley madison did. to make it very livable and then , to be able to understand how our modern technology makes it possible to spread the word better. it is not just going to the site but having a way to spread the word with a new technology to the younger people. david: the human brain has not yet evolved, you see something was on it can screen was not the same thing in a person. it will make it more attractive for people to go there. studies show that when people get ready to a historic site, when they visit the site at after they visit the site they tend to learn more and read more about the historic site and their history. the reason it is important to visit montpelier is that it will increase people's knowledge of what they did, the good and the abet and make people a more informed citizen. behind represented democracy, it informed -- an informed citizenry will give better democracy. people who know the history of the country will be better in deciding how to move forwa

we've got a much-needed shot in the arm from another founding father in james madison. and james madison was a prominent member of an institution early on in the history of washington dc called the colombian institute, and it was a gentlemanly scholarly society that was dedicated to among other things the dissemination of natural history information in many ways. it was akin to the american philosophical society of philadelphia or the academy of natural sciences in philadelphia, which we're all so institutions in philadelphia, which was at that time the center of the american scientific enterprise james madison really wanted to see a botanic garden on federal property and he was instrumental in the late 18 teens in having congress charter the existence of the first us botanic garden. it was actually built in bricks and mortar as a small institution on the block where we currently stand in 1820. however, it was not at that time funded by taxpayer money, and so it existed for a little while. and so there was a us botanic garden or the first version of a us botanic garden

yourchool isamed aft james madison. what becamhe cond amement to e nstituti, that tre is an indivial right peoplto be ableo keep gs for protecti. can u name me one placin the rld, a placen the wor, at hasanned l gunsr ndgunsnd seen rder rat go dn? ian't find aingle ple like that. >>11, what is urmergen? >> ias worng in e departme of justice democrats willight youooth d nail. they wt to go d say we topped.5 milon dangeus peop. >> anyetter iured? >>lease he. look ats we sto.5 million w-abidincitizensho waed to geaun. here areou in th school? >> first floor. shootingn my claroom. cgratulions on an amazing acmplishme. 'sure allf you wi have a very bght fute ahea ank yovery muc amy: that was john lott, jr. who wrote, consider the bible of the gun rights movement, speaking at the fake gun ceremony in las vegas where there was another massacre that took place a few years ago that killed scores of people. either the way, buzzfeed contacted mr. lott. he said, were telling me the whole thing is a set up? he said, no, i did not kn

he belonged in that upper class with people like george washington thomas jefferson james madison and house tells us that in the details as we look at it. the driveway that you would have come up as well during george mason's lifetime was lined and cherry trees and would have really created this house as a focal point and a centerpiece of the property here at gunston hall. he didn't ever add on to the house. so the house that you see now is what mason built in 1759. it's kind of interesting because most other founding fathers did actually add third floors and wings like mount vernon or monticello, which jefferson built out to be this grand home. george mason saw people like jefferson many of the other founding generation going into deep deep debt doing things like this today. we would think of it as keeping up with the joneses or keeping up with the kardashians. mason didn't want to be in that position himself. so this the house that we see today is what mason ended up with in his lif. so we're gonna have a chance to explore all of the spaces in the house. look at who george mason was

he did not, unlike for example james madison, he did not make an effort to go through and sort them out and make revisions or comments on them. madison did a bid that late in life. jefferson did very little. he also did not get rid of anything, with very rare exceptions. the only one really know about his you almost certainly destroyed his correspondence with his wife. we're not missing much of what we think you did on purpose. >> well, we have time for one more question. i've saved a fun one for last here. jefferson correspondent with lots of very interesting people. can you tell us about maybe one or two letters that you think are especially interesting? >> sure. maybe, two, maybe three. i'll talk fast. one is a letter that jefferson writes to a man named thomas law. does not usually a lot of room, or usually the letters our guard down. but this man, thomas law, has invited him to subscribe to a very expensive new book that is just come out. he responds by saying -- he has just turned 69, he's probably ongoing only going to live for seven more years. his biblical mania mania is descri

did he not, unlike, for example, james madison, he did not make any real effort to go through and sort them out and make some revisions or comments on them. madison did a little of that later in life. jefferson did that very little. he also didn't get rid of anything with very rare exception ps. the only one we know about is he almost certainly destroyed his correspondence with his wife, but we are not missing much that we think he got rid of on purpose. >> we have time for one more question and i have saved sort of a fun one for last year. jen sofr correspondented with lots of very interesting people. can you tell us about maybe one or two letters that you think are especially interesting?very. can you tell us about maybe one or two letters that you think are especially interesting?of v. can you tell us about maybe one or two letters that you think are especially interesting?lots. can you tell us about maybe one or two letters that you think are especially interesting? sure, maybe two, maybe three if i talk fast. this is a letter that jefferson writes to a man named thomas law. there

but of course, we're pro james madison here, right? at my time of life my only satisfaction and pleasure is in my children. and all my views are centered in their happiness. his children are adults at the time. he writes them this. so live through your children. some children are happier to be lived through than others. this could mean anything from be happy to keep hearing about your children. and one of my absolute favorite quotes have found in the archives from a woman. who writes her adult son? and what she's upset, is that her adult son hasn't been writing to her very often and has been writing very short business-like letters. and she says you know essentially include me in your life hearing about your life and my grandchildren is what makes me feel connected is what makes me feel part of your life gives me pleasure. and then she says people do not lose their curiosity with age about curiosity. i think she really means their quest for human connection. and she says essentially to her adult son. i don't think by the way, she's try

, and james madison and the spirit of republican government. she is a great friend of the constitution center and was a contributor to the center's madisonian constitution for all initiative. thank you for joining, richard, jonathan and colleen. i will begin with you, colleen, because in your book on james madison, you discuss the intellectual sources of madison 's notes on government and say that as he was writing them, he set out to distill his -- the wisdom of the ancient and enlightenment thinkers, heavily laden with citations to classical authors. he deeply engages montesquieu, whose spirit of the laws was one of the most cited books in the founding era. according to a pathbreaking study, it was the most cited book during the foundation error, but at the same time, madison took issue with aspects of montesquieu, particularly based on his reading of a book by john jacques barthelme, so tell me about the influence of these thinkers and others on madison. colleen: thank you for having me. i always look forward to these conversations. this is

that threat of what thateant sent james madison into the first congress determined to write a bill ofhts that would quell that -- would short-circuit that movement for new constitutional convention. and we have already seen what e power thisut has meant in terms of -- when the constitution was being drafted itself, how the south said we will not sign on to being -- come part of the unid states of america if we do not get 20 addional years on the atlantic slave trade, if we don't get a fugitive slave clause. e south had already wielded his power in ter of being willing to scuttle the united states of america. and madison lieved strongly this threat coming out of the anti-federalist in the south, out of virginia, wou do the samehing. and that becomes the basis for the second amendment. amy: can you talk about all of the players? you@@ mentioned james madison, patrick henry, the slave states and how this country came together based on this terror of slaves rebelling? and slaved people rebelling? >> enslaved people rebelling and that fear that -- so you have george washington, who is a sl

making it easy to bundle insurance. >>> hats off to tennessee and james madison. >> james madison has been a great story. >> oh, my gosh. so proud of them. by the way -- >> hello. >> elaine quijano is here. >> it is the weekend. i'm michelle miller along with jeff glor, and elaine quijano is in for dana jacobson who is taking some much-needed time off. >>> this morning we'll take you great white capital of the world. in the past south africa's coast was the place to go to see these monsters of the deep. they've gone missing. we'll look into the mse counter with one of the first sharks seen by some in years. >>> it's off to l.a. to catch up with author nicola yoon. her first two books were huge hits and later turned into movie. we'll talk about the tough question of love and the human condition. find out what that is later on. >>> how about some barbecue this weekend? you heard of texas, kansas city, even north carolina style barbecue. how about nashville style? we'll take you to music city to meet up with restauranteur will newman and samuel the best of what they have to offer. >>> we

and he writes plainly, directly, how much it hurts, and i dade book on james madison that is nothing like that. and aaron burr, god knows, never wrote about it or said anything but washington, again, is not ashamed of it and one episode in particular involved with his stepdaughter, who do got epilepsy and dies at the age of 15 am a family dinner and he writes a moving alert about to an in-law and he does something which is he's gets a lot of plans for the next three months and cancelings them all, and he stays at mount vernon and he stayed with martha, and he and martha arrived together and they had never done that. what was a tremendous horseman and a great rider and grate athlete and he probably couldn't keep up with him and he would get impatient and just wasn't the best. but in this time period, he stayed with her and rode with her and it's not heroic. it's not more than you would hope anybody would do. but he did it. and it was a picture of the real man that meant something to him. >> that's an important insight as i think one of your contributions -- one of you're many is peeli

right here on the left is a statue at the madison estate month montpelier is a statue of dolly and james madison collaborating consulting and i would suggest that this statue presents an accurate presentation of darling madison. she was very much a political player and in fact the reason for her great success as a hostess was in her role as a political partner to her husband. if we think about the situation at the time of madison's presidency, he was only the fourth man to have held that office. and it was at a time when there was a great deal of competition between the executive and the legislative branches of the federal government. and much of dolly madison's success as a hostess was based on the idea that if she had great social events. she could bring together all kinds of people merchants legislators political adversaries of her husband's political supporters of her husband and in a social setting get people talking and discussing the great ideas of the day and because of her great parties dinner parties and balls at the white house and always attracting such a diverse clientele of movers

when his successor james madison took over office, we again played for the inauguration, and after theion, we played for the first inaugural ball. on that occasion, we played marches that were written for and dedicated to the retiring president and the new incumbent of the office. we are going to play one for you now, but i want to show you first of all a manuscript of the madison march. it was played on the same occasion. you can see it was composed by a citizen of the city of washington and dedicated to his pupil. underneath it says, this is the march that the president and his lady was serenaded with by the city band, what the marine band was known as in those days, the fourth of march, 1809. the day of his inauguration. now we will play the jefferson march for you. ♪ col. santelmann: that was the thomas jefferson march that the marine band played for the first inaugural ball. as you noticed, the bass instrument of that group was the bassoon, but undoubtedly, another bass instrument used in those days was this here. this bears the title of a serpent or serpentine. strangely enough,

>> look, the real hero is james madison. it is alexander hamilton, it is thomas jefferson. the people that wrote the separation of powers you and mark and i are talking about into the constitution because guess what? if joe manchin gets week kneed in a state voted by trump for 37 points, manchin will be gone. there will be a new person comes in. this back and forth what our founding fathers wanted. the reason the stock market is doing well in application right now, manchin, sinema, the reason though fundamentally is madison, hamilton. goes to the very nature of the american system, thank god. charles: yeah. speaking of back and forth let me get back to the markets for a moment, go back to you gungin. we rallied out of the gate. particularly growth names. looked like we would break out. the entire rally evaporated t wasn't a big movement. feels like this market is still waiting for something, right? what do you think investors are looking for before they truly commit to this rally? >> i mean it is fascinating. seems like there is two markets out there right now. one is the s

my personal favorite, james madison, was just 25 years old when he signed the declaration of independence that james madison never signed the declaration of independence but also george washington was 20, not 21, when he got his first comm commission, in the virginia colonial militia and abe lincoln was 23 not 22 when he first launched his campaign for the legislature. >> it's not just about history as we know. here is what he had to say about orientation back in november. i'm a lover of history. it's incredible to be in a place where we have to vote to decide to have the emancipation proclamation, decided to go to world war ii, where the civil rights battles were fought. what's the explanation on that one? >> there was no loc to have a decision of emancipation proclamation. abe lincoln made that decision on his own. again, congress didn't decide to issue this famous proclamation. >> some errors could be -- it's fair, small slips, right? maybe in the heat of the moment. maybe it's lack of experience. but as you look at this, as it adds up, i mean, we would be ignoring the fact that we are

there were two people who were cofounders who lived longer than him james madison but they retired. anted to be retired but madison was retired, marshall was chief justice when he comes, i live in philadelphia, the place on marshall died, the same hospital in the yes, he comes up, i forget where he was at the time, he rides all the way up, have a man, but the guy who dies on the operating table basically. but he's working until then and a long career. he's only part of it. i hope people get to read my book the founding father, it wasn't really that hard. there are only 3 million people in the first, white people, i'm sorry. people who could even less than that so if you wanted to be a founding father, a little mafia in you, you probably would be able to. >> we are about to turn to audience questions but i have to ask, not john quincy adams? [laughter] >> i guess so. john quincy, he did grow up with his father but he was a little young when he started, still ten or 11 with his father so i don't count him, he's too young. >> the roger of the founding fathers. [laughter] >> we could pro

a temporary majority, as james madison would've said today. today's the democrats, tomorrow republicans after, that democratic, and who knows, the point is, the constitution indoors. and that is the fundamental premise of our democratic republic and i fear that that premise is being threatened by this legislation. thank you mister chairman. >> thank you senator hawley. i'll follow up on the comments on the 23rd amendment. this question is for, you may or bowser. nearby testimony, you state that it is quote, particularly contradictory that 23rd amendment is being held up as the main barrier to further expand constitutional rights in the district, can you elaborate on this point for the committee please? >> well, he has. mr. chairman, let me be clear with the 23rd amendment does. the 23rd amendment allows d.c. residents a vote for president. and that was in the 19 sixties. so, let that marinate for a second. before the 1960s, this is just about ten years before i was born. we couldn't even vote for president. we couldn't even vote for president.

. >> college softball world series, the top ranked sooners taking on unseeded james madison. >> one of> undefeated during the season. >> they weren't even ranked. >> wow. >> that turns heads. we are going to begin with another moment of texas that turns heads. a high school valedictorian used her graduation speech to blast a controversial abortion law in that state. on sunday she skrabed her planned address to condemn the heart beat bill. take a look. >> i am terrified that if my contraceptives fail, i am terrified that if i am raped then my hopes and aspirations and dreams and efforts for my future will no longer matter. i hope you can feel how dehumanizing it is to have the autonomy over your own body taken away from you. >> the governor signed the legislation last month. it bans abortions after cardiac activity is detected as early as six weeks into pregnancy. the legislation has key differences compared to similar laws now being challenged in the courts. kate smith is here to explain. kate, good morning. >> good morning. under this law private citizens will be able to sue doctors t

the argument can be found in federalist 43 by james madison in which interdependency and the problem it poses runs throughout the arrangements that were set forth to create a separate district of columbia such that the federal government wouldn't be seated in any one of the particular states. they had experience with that in 1783 under the articles of confederation. where the then continental congress was meeting in philadelphia at the time. and they were confronted with a mob that sought to storm the constitutional hall and indeed were forced to flee because the local government would not take measures to prevent that mob from doing so. that was clearly on their mind when they drafted the constitution's enclave clause, which provides for a district no larger than 10 miles square. not 10 square miles. there's a difference between the two. >> there's a conflict between a central federal government versus the sovereign states. those individuals that are within district obviously have a vested interest in a very powerful federal government. which is counter to the power vested in the st

virtually everything at once because if it doesn't then the government falls but the senate is as james madisond, the restraint on the house and the passion of the people. david: and again, the question of whether you're going to have more federales station not just election laws but public school systems, i think that's out of the question now particularly as americans are pushing back against the rules they don't support. >> absolutely. the more ambitious and the more radical the transformational it is, the happier the left and democratic party is at the center of american politics increasingly dubious and the others are red energized. david: thank you for being here. when we come back, vice president kamala harris on both sides as she wraps up her visit to guatemala and mexico. ♪♪ don't you just love the look on the kids' faces... yea, that look of pure terror... ...no, no, the smile... ...and that second right before the first tear comes... ...what?! pizza on a bagel-we can all agree with that. do you want a hug? (man) i've made progress with my mental health. so when i started having unint

the james madison institute you have developed some programs, do you want to tell us a bit about that i don't want to miss that, go ahead. bill: we do a supplemental curriculum that we release every september called celebrate freedom that goes out during silvered freedom week and unpacks that passage that you cited earlier from the declaration of independence giving students an understanding of that. at the year, doing other programs and activities with other institutions and programs. one of my favorite things to do is a naturalization ceremony where we see a naturalization ceremony to interact with some of the new citizens. and then they take the quiz for naturalized citizens to see if they can pass it. when we do this the students come away with a respect for these individuals who care enough about becoming americans. to answer the questions and all the rest, many of them recognize their own ingratitude might be the right word? how many things we take for granted and don't even reflect on how blessed we are as americans to enjoy many of the privileges we do. one of the things going

energized and spirited by the wisdom and genius of george washington, thomas jefferson, adams, james madisonn franklin and so many others. they've been degraded by the american left and democrat party, the man who occupies the oval office, we must continue to celebrate the, be invigorated by them and together they defeated the most powerful military force on earth and the greatest and most extraordinary nation in the history of mankind. future g generations of patriots have tremendous sacrifice, sought civil war to end slavery, something no other country has ever done, costing hundreds of thousands of lives on fields and in towns throughout america. over 700,000 casualties in a nation of 25 million people. gettysburg alone, 51000 casualties but there were other battles, terrible casualties. spotsylvania, the wilderness, chancellorsville, shiloh, stones river, run twice, fort donaldson, fredericksburg, cory hudson, pearl harbor, petersburg, gainesville, missionaryil ridge, atlanta, sen time nashville and many others. last century, america, millions of americans thought and hundreds of thousan

james madison number ten and 58 alexander hamilton number 22. explain why they were so against it.it the gridlock go beyond that as you said. the gridlock point or beyond that? >> yeah, i mean, the reason is that they had just had personal firsthand experience with what a congress looks like when you put a super majority threshold in place. the articles of confederation, the first draft of american government in place during the first revolutionary war had the super majority threshold in the version of congress for most major legislation and put it there for the same reasons the defenders of the filibuster defended today. they thought including and requiring a super majority threshold would create compromise and consensus. instead, what they saw firsthand in the 1780s was that gridlock was the result. and so when they went to write the constitution, they were coming directly off the firsthand experience with a gridlock legislature that was gridlocked because of a super majority threshold because of what the filibuster is today and so that's why they were so focused on this point an

the drafters of the first amendment happen to be james madison had it right at the time and this is not the time to remove that amendment or get an official secret set. so anyway, i said, okay unauthorized disclosure two words. she said sounds like a spine novel. i said well. all right, very good. what's wrong with that? so she said now it sounds like something by tom clancy. i said hmm. well, here's a title for you. unauthorized disclosure by tom clancy. you don't even have to put my name on the cover at all about it. he said the legal department wouldn't buy it. but anyway, we came up with we came back to the title secrets. so how many of you here would have preferred keeping secrets. you're the sellers. telling secrets see one hand for talking that's right secrets this title this is not a very responsive you you're looking like the republicans in china. no, i in congress share it you're supposed to put your hand up when i i'm not the president. i know. oh. okay. that was insider stuff. i was telling how how titles are made. you know, it's an old story that two things. you never want

serves on the nra board, thought he was giving a rehearsal speech for graduating students at the james madisoncademy at las vegas, but no such school exists. this is part of what david keene said. >> the are somwho will contin to fig to guhe send andmentbut i wod be lling toet thamany ofou will be ong thoswho stan up and prevent them from succeeding. amy: the stunt was organized by change the ref, a group founded by manuel and patricia oliver, whose son joaquin "guac" was shot dead in the parkland , florida, massacre in 2018. and those are some of the headlines. this is democracy now!, democracynow.org, the quarantine report. i'm amy goodman in new york, joined by my co-host nermeen shaikh. hi, nermeen. nermeen: hi, amy. welcome to all of our listeners and viewers from around the country and around the world. amy: president biden vowed wednesday to crack down on illegal gun dealers and to boost funding for police departments as part of an effort to combat a spike in gun violence across the country. rejecting calls by activists to defund the police, biden said cities could expand their police f

james madison was only 25. thomas jefferson who wrote the whole thing was only 33 years old in 1776. america has always depended on young patriots, young conservatives, young people who are proud of this country getting involved in the process and i have some good news for you, in 2021 it is not that hard, you don't have to write the declaration of independence and take that weight off your shoulders and i can tell you it is not rocket science. i've never take a rocket science class but i have taken a lot of other classes and i would argue that organic chemistry is probably a little difficult than some rocket science classes and having been there is a science student having been a student like you guys and doing what i do professionally i can tell you that all of this that we do a turning point usa even at the highest level of what we do at hq boils down to one thing, tell the truth in whatever way you possibly can to your community. maybe it is as easy as raising your hand into your professor know or your teac

it is out of james madison's federalist tenant. so i think it is destructive to the senate, and would diminish their role as a quote unquote cooling -- in contrast to the hot tea of the house, the senate was supposed to be the cooling saucer. and the immediate policy ramifications, well hr1 will probably pass. that is there electoral overhaul. it would really subvert everything a rule of law has always held about who governs elections. it is a travesty of legislation. you would have to assume the equality act would pass, probably. unless a joe manchin holds out, which is possible. but it would not be good. i am not convinced that they would pass the supreme court immediately if they gut filibuster. i certainly think they would pass the lower ports -- courts. they would certainly add judgeships to the lower federal court of appeal, which would be bad. if they do do it, and i am overall inclined to think they will, i unfortunately think they probably will, yeah, it will get ugly there for a little while, no doubt about that. >> our n

was, we do not want in virginia patrick finley and george are going to tell with analysts and james madison will militia under the federal government.and mason and henry were like, we will be left if there is a slave revolt we will be left defenseless and you know that the north has slavery because that meant those mania not be counted upon to both defend the militias down to virginia if there was a slave hold and they wanted protection. they had been very clear that they wanted protection. and just like in the debate over the constitution, they were willing to play a game of hardball. when we were kids we used to call playing a game of chicken. where you could see who was going to die and was going to blink, who thought their life was more important and so they were willing to play a game of chicken with the united states of america and the constitution. in order to get the militia protection that they wanted. so that well-regulated militia was about having a force powerful enough to quell a slave revolt. >> to bring things up to the current day a little bit , when we were having the comme

james madison, alexander hamilton. explain why they were so against it.ecause the gridlock or does it go beyond that? >> yeah. i mean the reason is that they had just had personal firsthand experience with what congress looks like when you put a supermajority threshold in place. the articles of confederation, which were the first draft of american government that was in place during the revolutionary war, had a supermajority threshold in its version of congress for most major legislation. and they put it there for the same reasons the defenders of the filibuster defend it today. they thought that including and requiring a supermajority threshold would create compromise and consensus. instead, what they saw firsthand in the 1780s was na gridlock was the result. so when they went to write the constitution, this he were coming directly off this firsthand experience of, so that is why they were so focused on this point and were very clear we should not have a supermajority requirement in our legislature. >> kyrsten sinema, the senator, is defending the filibu

the nra and a current board member of the gun group, thought he was practicing his address to james madisonut that school does not exist, and the rows of empty chairs that keane was speaking to was placed there to represent the 3,044 victims who would have graduated had they not died. >> this year you focused on one of the most important of madison's amendments, the second amendment. there are some who continue to fight to gut the second amendment, but i'd be willing to bet that many of you, among those who stand up and prevent them from succeeding. >> that's cool. >> so my advice to you is simple enough. follow your dream and make it a reality. >> joining us now manuel and patricia oliver who are the cofounders of change the ref, a pro gun control group that organized this fake graduation. their son joaquin oliver, was killed in the parkland shooting in 2018. i want to thank you both so much for being with us. manuel, first to you. this is the first time that your organization has confronted someone directly involved with the nra. i wonder why you decided this was so important. >> well, th

as a medicine is, i think most things begin and end with james madison. dison said most famously popular government without popular information or the means of acquiring it is but a prologue to a far tragedy or perhaps both, knowledge will forever govern ignorance people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power that knowledge gives. it's the free press that gives us that knowledge. the free press that protects us most certainly from tyranny. i won't address the case law that i i had discussed but i l note this year the state legislatures have been far more protective of the free press then this body. there are 16 states in the district of columbia that of absolute privileges for the media. there are 24 states that have qualified privileges for the media. other states that don't have those shield laws actually have common-law protection for the media. the free flow of information act of 2017 is a great platform supported by both parties and it is time that we move that to enactment. i am vertical aspects of the law even though i

jefferson had received a letter at prizing him of the situation which he shared with james madison. james clearly told dolly dolly and her friend were that some of the first outside of official government channels to learn this news. the friendships between men in first ladies offer a window into a particular sort of political identity and power. indeed women in this era took up the only tools to which they had access persuasion and influence. men too relied upon these tools and an error without institutionalized parties or much centralized power, so i don't want to suggest that these are uniquely feminine kinds of power. however, without the right to vote or serve as serve as elected officials women relied particularly heavily on influence slide, please. abigail adams adapted a line from alexander pope and told her husband that women charmed by accepting by submitting sway. hiding their sway or power to influence behind submission women like abigail skillfully created a space for exercising power. given that the friendships i have described here mix sort of the traditional tools of