bible and other writings had on american political and social justice, like thomas jefferson, james madison, and martin luther king jr. the museum of the bible and the baylor institute for the studies of religion cohosted the session. this is an hour. >> i'm tony zeiz, director of the museum, what a privilege it is to be in this terrific building, and we hope you'll come to think of this as your museum, because it's the community's museum. in fact, it's the world's museum. we are going to be live on c-span tonight. thank you so much, fellows for what you're doing. we appreciate that. we're very excited to welcome you to the museum. you'll have to come back. it takes several days to go through it. it's quite an exciting place. we're delighted to have you back to our second series. some of you came to the first one, and this is the second one. the first one in january, and the topic tonight is biblical influences on religious freedom, but before we get started, so take out your cell phone. if you're in to social media, take a selfie of yourself, and then post it to #museumofthebible. should b

the which is where james madison lived. so james madison knew about what was happening and some of the people he knew at the time where in jail in cult pepper, which is right up the road. so he had a firsthand knowledge of the harassment of these baptist clergy and their followers. he was only in his early twenties at the time. he had begun to get interested in politics, as his father was. he was elected to a committee to prepare a declaration of rights. this was my friend here tim shaw has been talking about. the original draft was written by george mason, but a contemporary of madison and jefferson. and the language is very significant. he said that all men should enjoy the fullest toleration -- toleration in the exercise of religion according to the dictate of conscience. the fullest toleration in the exercise of religion according to the dictates of consciousness. madison, he was only 24 years old, thought that was not adequate because toleration is a form of indulgence. but the ruling authorities grant people who they

james madison.book is an effort to smuggle james madison into the world of philosophy and knowledge and information. this book is a way to figure out what actually is the structure in society that allows us to convert argument, disagreement into object of knowledge which chis what, i mean, by truth. we never get to final truth, but it's a directional. it steers usut in the direction and any given day we had a lot of objective knowledge. it's in my arm right now protecting against covid so it's about the norms and institutions that we depend on to keep society anchored to reality and to make knowledge systematic, sophisticated, dangerous attacks onks that system. >> i will add my talking points to you. one is a pragmatic justification. it develops vaccines and smart phones. it actuallyct has results that suggest the reality we are collectively approaching. it's unusual other philosophers there's something very peculiar on truth, reason, rationality and if you argue for the negative, you lose because

hamilton isn't just about massachusetts the way thomas turned jefferson or james madison.have a singular loyalty to any one state although he comes to new york, he comes from abroad, he loves america as a whole, so the key idea is union from a joint or die, national security and if we don't create indivisible union which is what washington is advocating in the early 1780s hamilton calls the continental list, they will become the first federal state, far more influential but anything like the federalists and they make a geostrategic argument, faith holds together and yes, we can have a huge boat called the atlantic ocean, they won't need a big army, dull powers of europe to kill each other, as long as we don't kill each other, like the union of scotland and england so britain had 10 million people in france with 30 healing, how do they do that works in part because they have good capitol structure, banks and things, washington understands banks, jefferson and madison not so much but also strong indivisible union between england and scotland, that's the model for the more pe

you said that james madison was a debt pessimist. that had me thinking as i'm doing my own readings on the tore mags of the constitution and what happened afterward. is it possible for a debt pessimist -- part of the federalist pitch was to have a structured society and rescue the states and create a strong national government. that would imply debt realism. could you clarify about debt pessimism and madison? >> could madison have a been a debt pessimist and also a federalist? isn't that at odds, logically? it's been a while since i studied this. but i do seem to recall that madison wasn't a federalist all that long. right? he was, but he was not pushed on the issue of repayment of the debt. or of, you know, issues of the national debt. because frankly, what is in the constitution, the federal government shall have the right to borrow. but a debt pessimist can let that slide. maybe not a super-duper hardcore pessimist, but he can let that go. he was pushed on it, and he leaves, goes off and starts playing with jefferson. so, you know

we both site james madison, that ambition must counter ambition. that was his final from democracies could succeed by the fact that there are drives towards autocracy of any individual. we both agree that when a liberal society institutes these norms, it would be a certain directionality that will tend towards -- [inaudible] toward an expanding circle of sympathy and rights here but we got to these conclusions by -- let's talk about how i got there and then i would ask jonathan to then explain his process. for me as a cognitive scientist i do with the paradox that famous experiments, whole body of research resulting in a number of -- most famously daniel -- something humans are saddled with policies and biases and irrationalities. nonetheless decode the genome. we have reduced the incidence of violence and depression despite the fact that each one of us is not so rational. after all, we did manage to establish the benchmarks of rationality against which we continually say homo sapiens fall short. to be totally irrational how did we discover logic,

it was james madison, my book is an effort to smuggle james madison into the world of philosophy of knowledge and of information science. this book is a way to figure out. so what actually is the structure in society that allows us to convert just argument, disagreement into objective knowledge which is really what i mean by truth in the subtitle. we never get to final truth. but truth is directional. it steers us in the direction of truth. at any given day, we have a lot of objective knowledge, including this shot in my arm right now that's protecting me against covid. this book is about all the norms and structures and institutions that we depend on to keep society anchored to reality and to make knowledge i argue against systematic dangerous attacks on that knowledge system. >> there's a pragmatic justification, mainly the search for truth works. it develops vaccines and smart phones, and it puts people on the moon. actually it has results which suggests that there is really some reality that the collective is approaching, most notably from our science. there's a slightly kind of unusual l

that role fell to james madison and alexander hamilton and others. but franklin and washington were the two most famous americans, in 1787. and delegates looked on franklin with respect and awe. there seemed little doubt that washington, the imposing-virginia general, would become president of the convention. if there was any com -- competitor for chair, it was the venerable franklin. the very heavens obey him, one georgia delegate noted. but franklin had planned to nominate washington as chair, himself, if a storm had not kept him home for the opening day of the meeting. this son of boston puritans had come a long way to get to the philadelphia meeting hall. he exchanged letters with his beloved sister, who was an evangelical christian and the sibling who maintained the longest correspondence with and the deepest influence on franklin. they reminisced about their humble beginnings as the children of a candle maker. she had remained a person of humble means and relative anonymity while her brother's fame skyrocketed. ben told her that the course of h

i did a book on james madison, there's nothing like that.e never wrote about it or said anything about it but washington again, is not ashamed and the one episode in particular involved his stepdaughter who was cursed with epilepsy as a young girl dies at the age of 15 in a family dinner, a horror. and he does something i hadn't noticed anybody else pick up on, he's got a lot of plans the next three months and cancels all. he stays at mount vernon stays with martha. he and martha lied to one another, they have never done that. a great athlete and i think she probably can help keep up withhe them in their get old and patient it wasn't the best. he broke with her and it not heroic, not more than you would help anyone would but he did it. it was a picture of a real man. >> that's an important insight, one of your contributions, one of your many peeling back the layers of the onion which as you said at the outset, i've always o.said this, it comes across as this statute so i felt it was the hardest to know but stories like that provide an invalu

and exploring topics such as the constitutional convention , james madison, ehrenberg treason trial in impeachment trial of andrew johnson. the history prize of the society of the cincinnati and the prescott award of the national society of colonial days of america. and then the struggle to build the capital city and a nation delving into washington's involvement in the establishment of the capital city and describes how the process nearly tore our young and vulnerable country apart. with over 40 publish books and hundreds of scholarly articles serving as a visiting scholar at many historic sites with presidential libraries and universities and an analyst at nbc and pbs for many years several of his books have won awards including the not the titanic the untold story of the american revolution and america's first crisis welcome david and robert. >> the story i tried to tell was intriguing to me because i'm aware of something what a lot of people know elected president of the constitutional convention but the kicker is he was elected unanimously that was a big deal in the 18th century a

a year later he wrote about the trial of andrew johnson, then he focused on aaron burr, next james madisonin 2021, he takes a look at george washington. in his words, his mastery of politics. >> david stewart on this episode of book notes plus. listen on c-span.org/podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. >> at today's white house re-think, the economic relief coordinator joint white house press secretary jen, he answered questions about the eviction moratorium and efforts to prevent evictions. >> hello everyone. >>

and i think you decided james madison was a debt pessimist. and essentially thinking as i'm currently doing my own readings on the formation of the constitution and its ratification thereafter -- is it really possible for a debt pessimist to be a federalist? so could you clarify from my own understanding about debt pessimism? >> so the question is could madison have been a debt pessimist because he was also a federalist, and isn't that at odds logically? >> well, you know, it's been a while since i studied this period. but i do seem to recall that madison wasn't a federalist all that long. well, he was, but he was not pushed on the issue of repayment of the debt or issues of the national debt. because frankly what is in the constitution the federal government shall have the right to borrow, but a debt pessimist can let that slide, maybe not a super, duper hard core debt pessimist but hamilton certainly let that go and he's pushed on it and he leaves. goes off and starts playing with jefferson. >> okay, thank you for your very edifying talk. i

and he writes directly about how much it hurts and i did a book onca james madison. and washington again is not ashamed of it. the one episode in particular involves the speculator who had epilepsy as a o young girl and died at the age of 15 of the family dinner and it's a horror. he writes a terribly moving will letter about it to one of his in-laws and then he does something that i hadn't noticed anybody else pick up on whichmee got a lot of plans for the next three months and he cancels them all. he stays at mt. vernon and stays with martha and he and martha rise together. they had never done that. washington was determined his horsemen and a great rider and a great athlete and i think she probably couldn't keep up with him and would be impatient probably wasn't the best but he stayed with her and the road with her and it's not heroic. it's not more than you would hope anybody would do but he did it and it was a picture of the real man that meant something. >> that's an important insight as i think one of your contributions one of your mini-is peeling back the lay

and he writes plainly, directly, how much it hurts, and i dade book on james madison that is nothing like that. and aaron burr, god knows, never wrote about it or said anything but washington, again, is not ashamed of it and one episode in particular involved with his stepdaughter, who do got epilepsy and dies at the age of 15 am a family dinner and he writes a moving alert about to an in-law and he does something which is he's gets a lot of plans for the next three months and cancelings them all, and he stays at mount vernon and he stayed with martha, and he and martha arrived together and they had never done that. what was a tremendous horseman and a great rider and grate athlete and he probably couldn't keep up with him and he would get impatient and just wasn't the best. but in this time period, he stayed with her and rode with her and it's not heroic. it's not more than you would hope anybody would do. but he did it. and it was a picture of the real man that meant something to him. >> that's an important insight as i think one of your contributions -- one of you're many is peeli

and i think you cited that james madison was a debt pessimist. and that starts me thinking, as i'm currently doing my own readings on the constitution. is it really possible for a debt pessimist to be a federalist? then your comment woods say the medicine was. it seems that part of his pitch was to offer a structure that could tolerate debt, and create a strong national government. that would imply get real-ism. could you just talk about that for my own understanding on that point. >> so the question is could madison have been a debt pessimist, because he was also a federalist. and it's at odds logically. so you know, it has been a while since i studied this period, but i do seem to recall that madison was not a federalist for all that long. right well he was but, he was not pushed on the issue of repayment of the debt. or of issues of the national debt. because frankly the federal government should have the right to borrow. but a debt pessimist can let that slide. maybe not a super duper hard-core debt pessimist, but certainly he can let that go

of historical fiction, exploring topics such as the constitutionalgt convention, the gifts of james madisonrr in the impeachment trial of president andrew johnson. he has won the washington best bookard for comes a history prize of the society of the cincinnati, and the prescott award of the national society of colonial days of america. "george washington's final battn delves into washington's involvement in the establishment of the capital city and describes how the process nearly tore our young and vulnerable country apart. robert p. watson is professor,, historian and author with over 40 published books and hundreds of scholarly articles. he has served as a visiting scholar at many historic sites including presidential libraries, museums, and universities, and was in and alyssa for nbc in pbs for many years. several of his books have won awards including the nazi titanic, the ghost ship of brooklyn, and untold story of the american revolution, and america's first crisis. welcome, david and robert. >> i drew the shortest straw to start first. the story i tried to tell was intriguing to me

called baltimore the reason fort mchenry after the war of 1812 the president of the united states james madison said we knew establish fortifications all up and down our eastern seaboard. they recruited interesting enough general simone bernard a french engineer who came and helped us establish what we call the third system forts today. fort monroe is an example of the largest and best of all those forts. in 1819 there was decided that this location point comfort would be the location for fort monroe. they began constructed almost immediately and didn't finish until 1834. the model that we see today is exactly what it would look like. in 1834 when the first soldiers would come to populate this fortification and be the defense or the gibraltar of the chesapeake. the frenchman general simone. bernard was a very intelligent engineer and created many facets to this fort that made it one of the strongest strongholds here in the united states. one of the things he did is that he had several angles on this fort so as the enemy approached the individual fort walls, there could be crossfired from differ

then he focused on aaron burr and james madison. and now, he takes a look at george washington.nd, in david stewart's words, his mastery of politics. announcer: historian david stewart, on this episode of book notes plus. c-span.org/podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. ♪ announcer: c-span is your unfiltered view of government. we are funded by these television companies and more. ♪ midco supports c-span as well as these other partners to give you a front row seat to democracy. announcer: next, the vice chair of the joint chiefs of staff talks about defense technology with the newly founded emerging technologies institute. other topics included the covid-19 pandemic

about massachusetts the way john adams might be of the virginia in the way the tom jefferson or james madison. he doesn't have a single loyalty to money anyone say, he does come to new york and he comes from abroad and he loves america as a whole and he tries to be summoned into existence as of the key idea is union, join or die and national security and if we do not create an indivisible union which is what washington is advocating in the early 1780s and so is hamilton called the continental list then they will become the first page which are far more influential than anything that he wrote and make it geostrategic argument for unions, they pulled together and yes you can have a huge mode called the atlantic ocean, you won't need a big army, and the powers of europe as long as we don't kill each other, we've got to get rid of the land borders and make it like that unions of scotland and england. so britain had 10 million people they beat france with 30 million people and how do they do that are that goodpl capitol structue banks and things like that in washington understands thanks. and the

that isn't told by their bee-- biographers, you tell it better than anyone else in your book on james madison, you say, on slavery, madison disappoints. i add to that, he's getting worse over time. he's actually at the end of his life says oh, let's send slaves out into the west as if spreading the virus will somehow cure the virus, and what jefferson said early on let's prevent slavery in the west. and that's what's going to trigger the civil war eventually, slavery in the westment washington gets better on slavery as times goes on. last will and testimony he frees the slaves. jefferson doesn't, madison doesn't. franklin gets better and the last chapter, all of them, you know. >> and tell that last story of franklin before we get to questions and it's so franklinesque and funny and it's a great story. >> i talk about these great men and in my last scene i kill them all off and the death scene, you know dramatically and tell you each one in death there are some deep idea there. and for both washington and franklin, the deep idea, their rose bud, their dying breath emancipation, abolition, on

and i did a book on james madison and others never wrote about it or said anything about it. but washington, again, is not ashamed of it rated but the one episode in particular involved his stepdaughter. who had epilepsy as a young girl died at the j age of 15. and it's hard any rights moving letter about it to one of his in-laws. and then he does something that i hadn't noticed anybody else pick up on which was he got a lot of plans for next three months and he canceled them all. he stayed at mount vernon and he sees with martha and martha ride together and they had never done that. washington was a tremendous horsemanan a great writer and athlete. and think you probably couldn't keep up t with him and he would get a little impatient and just wasn't the best. but in this time period, he stayed with her any road with her and some heroic. if not more than you would hope that anybody would do but he did it read and was a picture of the real man. and it meant something to me. sue and that is an important insight is i think that one of your contributions, one of your many of this

and historical fiction exploring topics such as the constitutional convention, the jet gift of james madison, erin burst treason trial and the impeachment trial of president andrew johnson . he has won the washington writing award for best book. the history prize of the society of the cincinnati and the prescott award of the to national society of colonial james of america. george washington's final battle the struggle to build a capital city and a nation by robert p watson delves into washington's involvement in the establishment of a capital city and describes how the processnearly tore are young and full durable country apart . robert p watson is a professor, historian and author with over 40 published books and hundreds of scholarly articles. he has served as a visiting scholar at many historic sites including presidential libraries, museums and universities andwas an analyst for nbc and pds for many years . several of his books have won awards including but not the titanic, the ghost ship of brooklyn and untold story of the american revolution and americans first crisis. welcome david a

it was james madison. my book is an effort to smuggle james madison into the world of knowledge and information science. this book is a way to figure it out. what actually is the structure in society that allows us to convert this argument of this agreement and to object that knowledge. we neverru get to final truth bt truth is directional and any given day we have a lot of objective knowledge including this shot and my arm right now. this book is about all the structures and institutions that we depend on to keep society anchored to reality and to systematic sophisticated dangerousop attack. >> i will add my own talking points and i offer them to you as an addition. it wasn't just a pragmatic justification. the search for truth works. we have vaccines and smartphones and it actually has results which suggest we have a good grip on reality most notably on our science. there is an ecological argument that i got from thomas nagel which is there something very the chillier about could we valorize truth with p

he writes plainly, directly about how much it hurts, and, you know, i did a book on james madison.'s nothing like that there. washington again is not ashamed of it, and the one episode in particular involved his step daughter who had epilepsy as a young girl and dies at the age of 15 at a family dinner. i mean, it is a horror. he writes a terribly moving letter about her to one of his in laws. he does something i hadn't notice anybody else pick up on which is he has a lot of plans for the next three months and he cancels them all and he stays at mount vernon and he stays with martha. he and martha ride together. washington was a great athlete. i think she probably couldn't keep up with him. he would get a little impatient, but in this time period, he stayed with her, and he rode with her. it is not heroic. it is not more than you would hope anybody would do, but he did it, and it was a picture of the real man that meant something to him. >> that's an important insight as i think one of your contributions, one of your many is peeling back at the layers of the onion and trying to get

that's why hamilton and james madison wrote the federalist papers so they would even ratify it.ashington was worried do i do this is not even ratified does that undermine everything? and it seemed nobody liked new york city unlike today. thomas jefferson claimed to have ten months of winter and only two of summer and this belongs on the company of springfield and they spent only months in new york city and then there was a deal cut. next slide. and then on june 20th 1790 probably the second most famous dinner party in history behind the last supper. the dinner party, jefferson, madison and hamilton. and hamilton was their nemesis. there were two big issues to contend with and wish of the capital city b and then how do we build that? or a glorious romanesque capital. we were in debt after the war. so jefferson calls for the dinner party and then what would happen with the dinner party to resolve all the issues and hamilton would play them like a guitar to play victim to get everything he wanted. virginia said were not paying our debt. the south did not want to pay the debt hamilt

then focused on aaron burr, james madison, now in 2021 he takes a look at george washington and in his words , his mastery of politics. >> of foreign minister south korea with more than 30 years working in international diplomacy with the eight secretary-general of the united nations january 2007. by that time he and his colleagues helped his impoverished and i war-torn country grow into one of the world's wealthiest. south korea is a model for other developing countries the soft-spoken bond hope to focus the united nations with similar economic growth to other areas of the globe but a series of crises over the next decade for the ambitious economics. that included the arab spring the ebola epidemic, new conflicts in central africa sudan russia's incursion in georgia and iran and north korea all against a backdrop of the growing impact of climate change. with the power of un to bear to solve the world crisis the un became the focus of sharp criticism after deadly cholera outbreak for the un peacekeepers that were there to restore order after an earthquake. in his new memoir united nati

one seemed happy with new york city, so to ratify the constitution and this is why hamilton and james madisonhe federalist papers and if new york city would even ratify it. was worried, but i got to new york city, it's not even ratify it as a state. but i even be the president if we don't have a city? it seemed like nobody unlike today where everybody likes new york city. thomas jefferson claimed new york city set spring and fall may never have as far as i can learn, we have ten months of winter, only two of summer. i set up new york city for the company of springfield describing new york city as overrun by hogs and garbage and not much else. they spent on the months in new york city and then there was a deal. the deal would be cut in new york city june 20, 1790 and was probably the second most famous dinner party and history, i guess behind the last supper. the dinner party was between, and you can see the pictures that jefferson, madison and hamilton. madison and jefferson for allies and by federalist hamilton was their nemesis as a federalist. two big issues trying to contend with. one is,

that he focused on aaron burr, next james madison. now, he looks at george washington.n his words, his mastery of all the tics. -- politics. >> david stewart on this episode of book notes plus. listen on c-span/casts -- podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. ♪ ♪ >> virginia democratic congresswoman discusses u.s. maritime strategy at the hudson institute. she talked about the growing threat that china poses in the pacific and u.s. navy strategy to combat this. this is just over an hour. >> welcome to the hudson

one year later he wrote about the trial of andrew johnson then focused on ehrenberg and then james madison. now in 2021 looking at george washington and his mastery of politics any time on booktv.org. >> welcome. it is good to >> welcome. it's good to be here with michael and michelle for the launch of michael's new book the art of war in the age of peace. they don't need an introduction so i will be very brief. at the brookings institution he specializes in defense strategy committees of military force and american national security policy. masters and phd from princeton and physical sciences serving as a peace corps volunteer 1982 to 1984 and high school physics was taught in french i thought that was the coolest thing on your bio. michelle needs introduction the former undersecretary of defense for policy and one of the highest ranking members women ever to work in the pentagon cofounder and managing partner and a bachelors degree from harvard and the masters from oxford but when i first started on the pentagon beat she was myry first port of call. welcome to you both i'm happy to be he

james madison. sober got pushed aside. meanwhile basically both of these been, we're in a position where their prospects were not quite living up to their ambitions. so they got a foul of each other because hamilton had said some nasty things in one of the political campaigns. he asked him to retract basically burr asked him. and hamilton got stiff necked about this. he said you have no business to ask me about the sort of thing and one thing led to another and this led to that fatal dual. hamilton was killed, and burr was not disgraced by the dual per se it was the machinations of thomas jefferson that made it clear that burr had no political future. so basically burr did what generations and generations of ambitious young men had been doing and that is he went to the west. what was he going to do in the west? this is the question. well, it almost certainly included either inciting, or exploiting a war between the united states and spain. spain was then in control of florida, and then in control of mexico. spain was bubbl

well, james madison had said that prolonged war is the greatest enemy to a republic or of democracy. george marshal the 5 star general, who really was the architect of victory in world war 2. and then later became secretary of state. he said democracy can not fight a 7 years war. i chuckle, want to hear that now. i wonder what he would think if we added 13 to that and going the argument is essentially that look, war poisons, things, things are lost, civil liberties are inevitably lost privacy, the surveillance state, the police get militarized when the veteran pipeline comes in. and you know, there are disproportionately represented and baltimore is treated like baghdad in kansas city is treated like kandahar occupied territory by police one who know counterinsurgency and only counterinsurgency. we've seen this in the master balance of americans. the entrapment scandals. everyone says the great thing about war, brown history, there's people like theater, roosevelt, and we need a good war. need a good water, revitalize our masculinity. and to bring us together, i mean, because we hear

james madison university training video, christian people is a process, they engage in systematic subjugation of other social groups. the statement was held to ensure student employees have, quote, understandings work with incoming students who might have a different background than their own. smashed by an oncoming train, on camera, the train barreling through the trailer tracking a 250 yards down the track, so i was stuck by the get on the railroad and unable to move in time. no one was injured. todd: i think of that image. we do so many stories where this happens. i speed up a little bit, always fortunate people get out of those situations. time 37 after the hour. more shocking scenes playing out on the streets of kabul is the situation is more dire for our allies behind enemy lines. jillian: they are trying to get out. jillian: taliban fighters opened fire on afghan protesters descending their flag as chaos continues in kabul. todd: next guest attentively afghanistan with thousands of others. joining us is the general director of the afghan youth assembly. thanks for being here and giving

and you have a former deputy secretary of defense and a retired navy admiral, even have james madison who we no former secretary of defense and a former marine corps general. and lastly, we have northrop grumman, $1190.00 per 6 percent more, $129000.00. your stock would be and you have a retired navy admiral and a retired air force general. now, scotty, it's important to know that all of those companies, except for boeing, the vast majority of their revenue is given by the us government. so here we're not only helping fund a lot of these wars, their banking on them too. so it's one of these things where they now have this brown university cost of war project, where they're actually totaling the numbers to see how much we've actually spent. we have over 80000000000, excuse me, 800000000000. indirect warfare costs 296000000000 to care for our american veterans . now that that number, they show that includes lifetime care and disability. but as far as how much each soldier is making still have yet to determined. but we do have $85000000000.00 to train the afghan guard army and $750000000

in any case, around christmas time prior to the inauguration itself in april of 89, james madison stopped by the house and they spend some time together and it's pretty clear that washington ineffective said mr. madison, what do you think of this and washington madison seems to have taken one look at it and said that's not going to happen and the two of them send themselves to the task. so for thosesehe of you familiao with madison for medicines craft, we can see it at work here in several ways. it's that manuscript that then gets tucked into washington's pocket as he assumes the office itself. he takes the oath of office on the second floor balcony. look at all the people down below. president of the united states of america and then walks into the joint session and delivers the address. several people in attendance wrote in response on the sort of impressions several notice that there might have been a bead of sweat or two on the brow and may be a quivering in the vise and shaking of the hand back to the orator question. i don't think he ever felt particularly comfortable. that wasn't h

in addition to earning a bachelor of arts degree in international and humanitarian affairs from james madison university she earned a masters of social work from columbia university and masters of education from delta state university. she lives in richmond, virginia with her husband, daughter and dog. please join me in welcoming diana gates. [applause] >> i have to start by saying how interesting it is to take off a mask and talk to people in a room, a year post introduction of covid so definitely interesting experience to have but thank you so much for coming tonight. the title of this discussion is exceptional women:virginia indian women in leadership. and i want to start by saying to all the virginia indigenous women in the room who may be watching this recording this presentation is especially for you and i hope you find strength and power in the stories of our grandmothers that are included here tonight. i know personally their tenacity, strength and commitment to community through trying times and adversity is a message we all can gain some inspiration from. up first, let's talk about