race between two future presidents, james madison and james monroe, debating the most important issues that we talked about is a country, whether we should have a bill of rights, what kind of unions we should have and all of a sudden come you are in the next page and there is the first congress. i decided that i would read everything i could about this 1789 election. when i found that no one had ever written anything about it before, i decided i was going to tell the story. what many people don't know is that when george washington took the oath of office, 13 states were outside the union. north carolina and rhode island did not ratify the constitution because of their concern that it was missing a bill of rights. a guarantee of fundamental liberty. this was common for the anti-federalist. the common denominator of which james monroe was one was that they oppose the constitution. many of them came at it from different angles. some of them generally believed that you could not have a union in these different and diverse states. perhaps regional confederacy, but they didn't think that an

james monroe, justices on the supreme court. it is a story how they are kept in the process. >> it continues to play out. what are the limits? people make it seem as though when you talk about limits it is to the existence. it is embedded in the national argument. not that you hear the comment they tried to push us back to the articles of confederation. that is unhealthy. that the very man helped to develop the constitution. so the debate if it is arguing if there should be and national bank it is the same limitations. fast forward to today. from the beginning, that the debate exists and it has continued. not just over slavery but i am on the right side. wedding. [laughter] i have a personal interest. let some are still fighting and engaged in the debate even with the 13th, 14th , 15th amendment. with the limits of the national government? how do we protect individual rights and liberties? >> host: let's move forward in time with those three amendments. i want to our audience to recognize this month is very special not just the

the common demom -- denominator among the antifederalists which james monroe was one.hey opposed constitution. many came at it from different angles. many genuinely believed you could not have a union that covered all the diverse states. they believed in independent states or perhaps regional confederacies but they didn't think any government could ever be suitable to this entire con nint. james monroe represented the majority of antifederalist opinion in his objection to the constitution was centered around it is missing a bill of rights. while washington took the oath of office, two states, new york, and virginia, were agitating for a new constitutional convention. in the words of james madison and george washington, they were terrified at this prospect. they believe it would be infiltrated by enemies of the new government and the constitution would be scrapped and done away with and our union would be fractured, never ever to come together again. >> we're asking middle and high school students to send a message to the president as part of this year's c-span student

graduation day at the james monroe elementary school.rom 28 public schools in chicago. ♪ although some are still learning english. >> no speak english. >> they completed a year working alongside teachers in the classroom as parent mentors. logan square in northwest chicago is a mostly hispanic neighborhood, where 96% of the families are low income. and unlike suburban parents, urban immigrants are somewhat reluctant to volunteer in schools. >> i was like i don't think i can help these kids because i'm not a teacher. >> reporter: in 1995 the logan square neighborhood association convinced schools to let parents assist in the classroom. >> what used to be called a fortress environment where the walls around and the moat around the school, it's broken barriers on both sides. >> reporter: former parent mentor laticia ber ra iia barre program coordinator. >> building a relationship is huge. i didn't realize. >> reporter: children who need extra help get the attention they need. >> i have 31 students this year, and they do have a range of need

graduation day at the james monroe elementary school.rom 28 public schools in chicago. ♪ although some are still learning english. >> no speak english. >> they completed a year working alongside teachers in the classroom as parent mentors. logan square in northwest chicago is a mostly hispanic neighborhood, where 96% of the families are low income. and unlike suburban parents, urban immigrants are somewhat reluctant to volunteer in schools. >> i was like i don't think i can help these kids because i'm not a teacher. >> reporter: in 1995 the logan square neighborhood association convinced schools to let parents assist in the classroom. >> what used to be called a fortress environment where the walls around and the moat around the school, it's broken barriers on both sides. >> reporter: former parent mentor laticia ber ra iia barre program coordinator. >> building a relationship is huge. i didn't realize. >> reporter: children who need extra help get the attention they need. >> i have 31 students this year, and they do have a range of need

western hemisphere, an extension of the hemisphere that would probably shock president james madison who came up with the monroe doctrine and indeed under fdr's interpretation of iceland and greenland letcher 2,000 miles from the american coast are now part of the western hemisphere as much as boston or rio de janeiro, and he then determines that to have to be defended and again he goes before the press and he says if a rattlesnake is poised to strike you don't wait until a strikes, you crash it before hand. what he means is that america to become american warships will go after german vessels who are in the waters that he's not declared it part of the western hemisphere. this becomes known as the shoot on sight policy and what he's done, she has declared and undeclared war match against germany and the high seas of the atlantic. by the time pearl harbor occurs in december of 1941 roosevelt has seized the levers of control of the american military has no president since abraham lincoln in the civil war. he revels in the sand is as comfortable as the old be up for he used to wear as his trademark hat. at one poi