the book begins with jamestown. where roughly five out of every six settlers died between the colony in 1607 revoked, when the king the virginia company's charter and made virginia a royal colony. jamestown was a deathtrap. colonists died mostly of famine and disease, like endemic disease. in other words, things that we today would likely characterize as disasters, but the culture surrounding these episodes was nothing like the response to the famine in ethiopia in the 1980's, say. virtually no one knew about the horrific situation in jamestown because there were no newspapers, certainly no radio or tv or anything like that, and the colony's corporate based -- colony's london-based corporate sponsors did everything they could do situation quiet. they did not want people to know jamestown was such a deathtrap. people would stop coming and investing. there was really no information about these troubles. the only disaster relief was to send more people and hope they did not die, boat of course they did -- but of course

that was a private company that ran the jamestown colony. but when we look at what happened at plymouth, something quite different occurred. full of was about half the people we call the pilgrims. they were religious congregants descending from the church of england. andthe other half, sailors people that the pilgrims called strangers, the secular british people who were on their way .rom virginia because their ship was blown off course and came to the wilderness of massachusetts, a lot of dissension broke out on board. the stranger said we are no longer bound by the contracts we find on this voyage, we are going to be free and independent agencies and do what we want. whereas the religious community was concerned anarchy would break out. before they set foot on land, the strangers and pilgrims came what kindnd decided of conduct could hold their and they together feared a brutal winter. they were right about that. fear of indian attacks, they were wrong about that. a lot of hardships that they had, they decided they would better cooperate.

we spent the last 2 1/2 days in jamestown, north dakota with the only paramedic service in that area, jamestown area ambulance, here's what they had to say. >> i watch the news report like six months ago and said can you imagine a world where you call 9911 and an ambulance does not respond. ten states deem the ems as an essential service to the community. we're not one of them. when you take an already overwhelmed and stressed out system and continue to pile more onto its back, of course it's going to bend. it's going to -- and at some point it's going to break. >> so again that is the only ambulance service for jamestown, north dakota. they have a total of four ambulances, only three of them are staffed, 24/7. and at one point yesterday all three of their ambulance teams were out helping patients, and two out of three were out on covid-19 calls, one of them was a call to take a covid-19 patient who was on a ventilator from a smaller hospital near jamestown over a hundred miles here to fargo to be placed in a bigger hospital to get the care they needed. all in all a trip like that typ

this was -- in jamestown was, was there plentiful fauna and flora and fish in the ocean and plenty of resources. you might ask how could people possibly starve with that much -- with that richness of resources? well, it turned out that people didn't like the idea of tending other people's gardens. in other words, they didn't like the idea of well, no matter how hard i worked or didn't work i would still get the same, and if i worked extra hard i didn't get anything more than anybody else so they just decided not to work so they didn't plant. they didn't sow and then they only ate whatever they could catch and eat it at night. seven years later the then governor thomas dale said we're going to scrap this experiment and assign to each household three acres and the three acres are yours. do with it what you want. good luck. the very first year of that, the very next season their production increased seven times. it was a sevenfold increase. maybe today that shouldn't surprise us, but it's exactly those kinds of experiments that have been run again and again and thankfully many of the nor

nbc's ellison barber joins me from the rural jamestown, north dakota. the pandemic continues to pose unique problems, in rural parts of the country. i was in south dakota, last week, where people are very far, in many cases from hospitals, what are you seeing? >> yes, this is the only ambulance service in jamestown, north dakota. they have a total of four ambulances and the paramedics would he have spoken to here, they say they are running more calls, the majority of them related to covid-19, and a lot of those calls are taking them further and further away. we saw that firsthand yesterday when one of the ambulance crews here got a call from one of smaller hospitals in the area, asking them to move a patient who had covid-19 and was on a ventilator to a bigger hospital, about 100 miles away, in fargo. that trip, from beginning to end, took that crew at least five hours. the people that we have spoken to, they say not only are they really running on fume, but they are having to spend a whole lot more time getting ready to go out on these calls tand takes

this was in jamestown. there was plentiful fawnaa and flora. how you might ask, how could people possibly starve with that much -- with that richness of resources. well, it turned out that people didn't like the idea of tending other people's gardens. in other words, they didn't like the idea of well no matter how hard i work or didn't work, i would still get the same and if i worked extra hard, i didn't get anything more than anybody else. so they just decided no the to work. so they didn't plan. they didn't sell anything. they would only cash needed at night. and then what happened? well, in 1614, so seven years later, the then governor thomas dale finally had enough of that. he said we're going to scrap this experiment. the three acres are yours. do what you want with it. the year of that, the very next season the production increase seven times. it was a seven fold increase. maybe today that shouldn't surprise us. but it's exactly those kinds of experiments that have we run again. and thankfully many of the north american tradition, we lear

but ems services warned it's still not enough to keep them afloat nbc's ellison barber live in jamestown, north dakota. ellison, what happens if some of these companies just go under? >> reporter: well, shep, you could call 911 and ask for an ambulance and not get it or you could wait an exceptionally long time for one to arrive this right here is the only ambulance service in jamestown, north dakota they have a total of four blanks they say right now not only are they running far more calls than normal, the majority of them are covid-19 they also say they are having to make a lot more frequent trips further and further away listen here. >> now we've gotten to a point where hospitals are filling up in smaller areas and we need to transfer these patients out to larger area, not necessarily because they need a higher level of care or higher level of capacity hospital, they just need a bed with the same level of care they would reach here. we just don't have the room for them so there's times when we're, you know, taking two covid patients at one time. very long distance across the state. >

indeed, in his diary captain john smith of the jamestown colony recorded that he had lots of eggnog that and he was full of spirits, but not necessarily religious spirit. so again, from our colonial times the holiday is perceived in different ways by americans. now, we'll go to revolutionary times. again, different colonies look at it different ways and people within the colonies look at it in different ways. many of the patriots are actually somewhat suspicious of the holiday. again, they associate it with britain and at that point they really don't want to have much to do with britain so they avoid celebrating it, but others, like george washington, do celebrate it. but again, he celebrates it in a much different way than most of us would do today. it isn't really to him and many others a major religious holiday. indeed, he doesn't consider it that, and that's one of the reasons why he chooses it in 1776 to launch one of his most decisive attacks of the war, against the hessian barracks in trenton, new jersey. it's a very successful attack, one of his most successful victories. and in

so there is that legal tie between the pilgrims and the settlers at jamestown, one can even say there is commonality of purpose. and there was a charter eventually given to the settlers, the first settlers of 29. there are commercial purposes mentioned there, but there are religious purposes as well. in both virginia and massachusetts, and so one can see these two parallel missions at work in virginia, as well as in new england. but bradford describes the reason that they went and this is backed up by later preachers and public figures. and the reason they went was not to create a tolerant regime or a plantation of religious liberty. they went to rule. they want to create what they consider to be godly commonwealth and just 7 years later i'm going to read a line or two of a sermon from the samuel willard, "i perceive they are mistaken in the design of the first planters who was decision was not toleration, but professor enemies of it. their business was to settle and secure religious to posterity according to that way which they believed was of god." and you can verify this by looking

in the district of jamestown a different tune reverberates from every street side stall.we hear afropop and effort these as well as contemporary hits created on computers just like songs anywhere else in the world and yet there's something quintessentially african about them. oh. africa doesn't just inspire through its music this is an artisans quarter way to buy fabrics she finds ideas for his stage shows and music video costumes here. the writer for the other. today she's looking for fabric for a headscarf. consider this my fabric. and. my flake you put. it in 3 yards what can we do with 3 that she has never turned her back on africa she still feels at home his she says and is more relaxed here than in europe in guyana she tells us she never feels misunderstood never out of place will stay at at and if it just because of her origin. this also is where she reconnects to her musical roots the music she heard in a childhood. of our. growing up here you are continuously exposed to music. and of course the biggest musical influence was my father who was a high life musician.

i have to put in a plug for the national comedy center up in jamestown, new york, which is just south of buffalo, and they even everything, e from aristophanes and lise estrada, which was an aristophanes -- and lysistrata, which was an ancient greek play about the women in the village wanting to stop the men from war and so they withheld sexual favors from them and it is all covered up to george carlin and lenny bruce. it is like a smithsonian of comedy and then they have the blue room, as in blue humor, and you have to be 18. are 1.5 foot sized letters of george carlin's seven words you cannot sand television. bruce's raincoat he would wear on stage if he was arrested. gordon: who are your favorite women performers? wanda sykes, joan rivers, anybody else? joe: i loved jane curtin, and rosie o'donnell i think has great wit and as well. -- and is funny as well. i know the president does not have much respect for her, but i do. i think some of the present great, mayanl are rudolph and others are fantastic activitiesolitical are up there as well. you have to have a real sense of what the

in the district of jamestown a different tune reverberates from every street side stall.we hear after pop and after these as well as contemporary hits created on computers just like songs anywhere else in the world and yet there's something quintessentially african about them. oh. africa doesn't just inspire through its music this is an artist and scores where yasser likes to buy fabrics she finds ideas for his stage shows and music video costumes here. oh. today she's looking for fabric for a head scarf. to choose my fabrics you have a surprise i might like you but. it's really yeah that's what i would do. she has never turned her back on africa she still feels at home here she says and it's more relaxed here than in europe. in ghana's she tells us she never feels misunderstood never out of place or stared at and if it just because of her origin . this also is where she reconnects to her musical roots the music she heard in a child it all of our. growing up here you are continuously exposed to music and of course the biggest musical influence was my father who was a high

the jamestown colony that was formed shortly before, initially in 1607, it was founded as a commune. so all the property was explicitly held in common. there was no private property. and instead what the rule was was whatever was produced would be shared equally among all of the households that were part of that commune. well, what happened in the first year more than half of them died by starvation. they were replenished with more people after that and again, more than half died the next year by starvation. think about this. james town, there was plentiful fauna and flora and fish in the ocean, plenty of resources, how can people possibly starve with that much -- with that richness of resources? well, it turned out people didn't like the idea of tending other people's gardens. in other words, they didn't like the idea of, well, no matter how hard i worked or didn't work, i would still get the same and if i worked extra hard i wouldn't get anything more than anyone else. so they decided no to work. they didn't plan or sow. they only ate what they could catch and eat at night. well, 1

there is that legal tie between the pilgrims and settlers at jamestown. one could even say that there is commonality of purpose as well. if you look at a charter that is eventually given to the settlers in massachusetts, the first charter of 1629, and you look at the first charter of virginia, for instance, there are commercial purposes mentioned there, but there are religious purposes as well. in both virginia and massachusetts. one can see these two parallel missions at work in virginia as well as in new england. bradford describes the reason that they went, and this was backed up by later preachers and public figures. the reason they went was not to create a tolerant regime or a plantation of religious liberty. they went to rule. they went to create what they considered godly commonwealth. just several years later i will read a line or two from a sermon in 1629 by the reverend samuel willard in which he said "i perceive they are mistaken in the design of our first planters, whose business was not toleration, but were professed enemies of it. their busi

the first thing that you have to do is you've got to go the national comedy museum in erie, in jamestownstation there. and it takes you right from, you know, the greek comedies, aristophanes, "the frogs," all the way through the blue comedy of the '50s. you know, those blue records that women and men were making right through to "saturday night live" and "second city." it is a museum of comedy, and not to be missed and any kid in high school or college that wants to be a writer, a comedy writer, they go there, they're going to get an afternoon course in comedy history. and my motorcycle is there the motorcycle that i rode to "snl" on every four --- each of those four years, i rode down the new york throughway taking my life in my hands on that harley, and they came to me and said, "is there any memorabilia we can get from your time at 'snl'? i said, "the bike that kept me alive for those four years." so that's there and the story's there. the other thing is there's an author called kliph nesteroff, n-e-s-t-r -- -e-r-h-o-f-f. he wrote a book called "the comedians. it's a manual for unders

ralph in jamestown, maryland, publican line.hat do you think about pot visions -- republican line. what do you think about politicians getting the vaccine first? caller: i don't have any concerns with that. i am one of the nonessentials so i am way down the line. my only wish is that i would wish that the irs would consider me non-essential when it comes to paying taxes. host: why do you not have concerns about politicians being first? caller: it just simply doesn't bother me. go ahead, find, get their shots. -- fine, get their shots. host: that is ralph on the republican line. yes, they should, so the rest of people can have faith in the vaccine. indiana also facebook saying absolutely not, especially not the ones who played down the pandemic, got sick, and had top-of-the-line health care. let them suffer. most of them are close to their 80's, so yes. greg from facebook saying it should be those essential workers first. that sure as hell isn't congress. can share yourou thoughts on facebook, twitter too, on whether congress peo

in the district of jamestown a different tune reverberates from every street side still.we hear afro pop and i've heard these as well as contemporary hits created on computers just like songs anywhere else in the world and yet there's something quintessentially african about them. oh. africa doesn't just inspire through its music this is an artist and scores where yasser likes to buy fabrics she finds ideas for his stage shows and music video costumes here. the writer for over the world. today she's looking for fabric for a head scarf. to choose my favorite. lines was my slike you put. it it really gets work or we do this she has never turned her back on africa she still feels at home his she says and is more relaxed here than in europe in ghana and she tells us she never feels misunderstood never out of place or stared at and if it just because of her origin. this also is where she reconnects to her musical roots the music she heard in a child it almost back. to him and growing up here you are continuously exposed to music. and of course the biggest musical influence was

in the district of jamestown a different tune reverberates from every street side stall.we hear afropop and afro beat as well as contemporary hits created on computers just like songs anywhere else in the world and yet there's something quintessentially african about them. oh. africa doesn't just inspire through its music this is an artist and scores where yasser likes to buy fabrics she finds ideas for his stage shows and music video costumes here. was. like oh. my god. today she's looking for fabric for a headscarf. wants to choose my approach which was my surprise i might like you but. it really got. that's what we do. she has never turned her back on africa she still feels at home here she says and it's more relaxed here than in europe. in ghana and she tells us she never feels misunderstood never out of place will stand out and if it just because of her origin. this also is where she reconnects to her musical roots the music she heard in a child it oh. yeah i was growing up here you are continuously exposed to music. and of course the biggest musical influence was my

nationstate for a series of crimes against black people right and he said those crimes go back to 1619 in jamestown. before "the new york times" project malcolm had his own 1619 project and malcolm speeches in harlem was talking about 400 years of racial oppression which we really hit in 2019 but he was saying it was 400 years there so when we think about this idea of radical black dignity malcolm recognized black humanity and didn't want to debate white people about black humanity. king was doing some thing else and what malcolm means by dignity is both antiracism, anticolonialism but the big word from malcolm's spell determination. black people will have the right to solve their own problems and identified their own problems and when malcolm argues that what malcolm's big policy achievement like what did he do, king of the civil rights act so what did malcolm x do? my reply is this -- he turned [inaudible] into black people. he turned negroes into black and african people. i'm not even going to say african american because that hybrid excludes people. black american people if you're black you're

it out for you, by noon tomorrow, we have winter storm warnings that include sandusky, cleveland, jamestown, new york, erie, pennsylvania, 6 to 12 inches, locally up to 18. and if that's not enough, the cold seeps all the way south, san antonio to tallahassee, david, have freeze warnings. >> it is that time of year, ginger. great to have you on a monday. >>> when we come back here, your money tonight and cyber monday is here. where there are still major deals to be had in the coming hours tonight. >>> and of course, the nfl's covid crisis appears to be worsening tonight. there's late news coming in now. everyone does -- right up here. it happens to all of us. we buy a new home, and we turn into our parents. what i do is help new homeowners overcome this. what is that, an adjustable spanner? good choice, steve. okay, don't forget you're not assisting him. you hired him. if you have nowhere to sit, you have too many. who else reads books about submarines? my dad. yeah. oh, those are -- progressive can't protect you from becoming your parents, but we can protect your home and auto when you bun

its independence from england, but was in 1619 when the first african slaves arrived in america at jamestown. the project also claimed that whatever enduring benefits the nation has seen and granted to the world are attributable to the nation's slaveowning past. was, the 1619 project correct to condemn slavery, particularly on one of its anniversaries. slavery is a despicable institution and no one is sobbing the 13th amendment and did it after the civil war, but the 6019 project is not a work of historical scholarship. numerous historians have objected to the project on the ground that it contains a erroneousn large number of americans have objected to it on the ground that it was leftist political. with us today are several well-known scholars who will discuss one aspect of that debate. what did the constitution say about slavery before the 13th amendment became law? did the constitution protect the rights of slaveholders? or did the constitution for bid slavery? or did the constitution avoid taking either of those two positions and left the matter entirely to the political process? our fi

nationstate for a series of crimes against black people saying that those crimes go back to 1619 in jamestown so before that project, malcolm had his own 1619 project. in harlem, we are talking 400 years of racial oppression that hit in 2019, but it was 400 years there. when you think of radical black dignity, malcolm recognized black humanity and didn't want to debate white people about that. king was doing something else, antiracism and anti-colonialism is self-determination that black people have the right to solve their own problems, identify their own problems. king has a civil rights act, voting rights act. my reply is he turned negroes into black people, that is what he did, turned negroes into black and african people. black and african people. if you are black you are part of the diaspora, biracial, multiracial, that is what malcolm did. doctor king's notion of citizenship is different. king is the defense attorney defending white people, black people to white people. when we think about doctor king, it is very robust, not just voting rights, and decent housing. environmental justice

ban, this ties its erasure, muslims have been in america since long before there was a colony of jamestown the earliest that landed here came with spanish expeditions and explore the north american continent. the idea that you are going to ban people here before you were arrived is kind of telling. it tells us that you perceive yourself to have the power to decide who belongs in this country and who doesn't. so i think because that history, that history is not really taught in schools is contributes to a kind of the reader of muslims from collective american history and makes these bands seem like they are just targeted at foreigners when in reality they are targeting americans like you and me. if you were a yemeni american, you lost the ability, if you are born here, you have lost the ability to sponsor grandmother or uncle or cousin or anybody born in yemen. if you're born here in the same way you are a german you have that right so it has taken away rights from people from yemen, people of yemeni dissent who are nativeborn americans. it is stripping away at the constitutional rights of

in efforts to make their venture they a settled eventually on jamestown island and thus planted the first if you look at a charter that is eventually given to the settlers in massachusetts, the first charter of 1629. you look at the first charter of virginia. for instance, there are commercial purposes mentioned there but, there are religious services one can see these parallel missions that work in virginia as well as in new england. samuel said i perceive they are mistaken in the first design of our planters whose business was not toleration but we are professed and can verify this by looking at the first massachusetts charter. and simply religion but not necessarily toleration much less religious liberty which is a more robust why did they drop these? during the voyage the main course of the journey they were blown off course. they were intending that they are not where they intended to go and the legal documents they have is no longer valid. it has moved. the pilgrims of home there are roughly 45 are only a part of the human cargo. they are leaving. they are fleeing england. we have n

in 1611 cattle arrives in jamestown. there is a cattle tradition, smaller, not as significant, coming into that portion as well. so cattle begins to spread from virginia, both north and south along that particular region to ohio, et cetera. and so again -- and one of the reasons that cowboys were -- black people were used in terms of that, you are talking about basically hunting wild horses, basically wild cows. that was tough work. again trying to locate them and bring them out of the bush, et cetera, et cetera, and that's often the kind of work that blacks often did. >> can i click it for you? >> yeah, thank you. >> i can do it from here, too. okay. >> okay. well, let's -- there you go. when i grew up, if anyone asked me about cowboys, this is what i would have been talking about. hop along cassidy! lash larue. gene autry, roy rogers, cisco kid. those are the cowboys i was talking about because i had no idea there were black cowboys. that was just nothing i had any knowledge about. probably most of my peers, if you wer

white america the nationstate for the crimes against black people and says those crimes go back to jamestown. malcolm and his own talked about 400 years of the opera russian thathe oprah rationthat we hit s saying that it was 400 years there. when we think about this idea, malcolm recognized the humanity and didn't want to debate about humanity. king is doing something else and it's both antiracism, anti-colonialism and self-determination that they will have the right to solve their own problems, identify their own problems and what malcolm argues but the policy achievement. i'm not going to say african-american because that hybrid excludes people. you could be biracial, multiracial so that is what malcolm did for us. doctor king's notion of citizenship is going to be different. he's a defense attorney and when we think about doctor king, he's talking about citizenship that's a very robust. for him it means guaranteed living wage, decent housing, he talked about food justice, environmental justice. it also means racial integration, and i think that malcolm got that. it wasn't about he just w

jamestown had been settled to the south 13 years earlier.aint augustine had been established by the spanish further to the south, and the roanoke island colony had been established in north carolina in 1595. in new england, at the same time, there were traders up and down the coast, and they had accounts of many indians. despite the good relations that grew up initially between the ,ilgrims and the local indians the relations between the natives and the english settlers that followed were often tense and hostile. all this culminates a in acentury later in 1675 10%al war, in which about of the male settlers in southern newington were killed. todayocus that is given to the king philip's war in the , this nowat ensued hovers today over many historians treatment of the plymouth settlement, which it to pax as part of a great enterprise for the exploitation of the natives. the landing of the mayflower in plymouth was the result of an accident and also the impetus for writing the famous document that we know today as the mayflower compact. this doc

i have to put in a plug for the national comedy center up in jamestown, new york, just south of buffalo, and they cover everything even from lysistrata, and ancient greek play about the women in the village wanting to stop the men from war and so they withheld sexual favors from up tond it is all covered george carlin and lenny bruce. it is like a smithsonian of comedy and then they have the thereoom, and you walk in sized -- 1.5re 1.5 feet size letters the seven words. there wasn't lenny bruce's raincoat so if he got arrested he could just wear the wrinkle. gordon: who are your favorite women performers? curtin, and jane rosie o'donnell i think as great as well.is funny i know the president does not have much respect for her, but i do. i think some of the present players of s&l are great, my aunt rudolph and others are politicaland there action is up there as well. you have to have a real sense of what the characters are, what their stance are to pull it off. mark: lily tomlin. lily tomlin got the mark twain award at the kennedy center a few years ago, and she accepted pedestal nexton

jamestown had been settled to the south 13 years earlier in 1607. saints augusta to the first south was established by the spanish in 1665 and the ro noek island was establish ed in nort carolina in 1595. at the same time without a full settlement, there were traders up and down the coast active on the shores and they had to count their many indians, not always in a friendly way. despite the good relationsh tha grew up initially between the pilgrim settlers and the local ind yns, which is celebrated in our holiday of thanksgiving, the relations between the natives and the various english settlers that followed were often tense and hostile. all this culminate d a half century lirt in 1675 and 1676 in a bloody and brutal war. this focus given today to king phillips war and the outcome that ensued, this focus now hovers today over many historians treatment of the plymouth settlement in 1620. which it depicts as part of a great enterprise for the exploitation of the natives. the landing of the mayflower was the result of a complete accident. so, too, wa

on hopkins i have sitting on my table upstairs, i have looked at the cover, the man who escaped jamestown and saved plymouth or something like that. he is an interesting character. towas on his expedition virginia and almost got executed. many that he by might have been one of the ones who told his fellow passengers that being in a place with no clear legal ,uthority can lead to problems therefore we should do something contribute into the mayflower compact. rolees play an important in the history of the colony. >> thank you. see, a question from kyle. can you both speak a bit about it -- a bit about the condition of the original manuscript and what it was like working with it and how much you could work with the original? i am interested in the process of creating this new addition. >> i will let you take that entirely, ken. you had more physical contact with the manuscript. it is in the state library. >> at the library of massachusetts, by the green. it is one of their prized possessions. they recently had it completely preserved, back in 2014. as part of that process, they in the manus

sitting on my table upstairs that i have looked at the cover of steven hopkins, the man who escaped jamestown and saved plymouth or something like that. he's an interesting character because he was on the sea venture on its expedition to virginia, and almost got executed there, and it's assumed by many that he might have been one of the ones who told the fellow -- his fellow passengers on the mayflower that, you know, being in a society -- being in a place with no clear authorization or legal authority can lead to problems and therefore, you know, we should do something, thus contributing to the mayflower compact. but yeah, i mean, he does play an important role in the history of the colony. >> thank you. another -- let's see, a question from kyle. can you both speak a bit about the condition of the original manuscript and what it was like working with it and how much you could actually work with the original? i'm very interested in the process of creating this new edition. do you want to start and i'll -- >> i'll let you take that entirely, ken, because you had more physical contact with the

jamestown had been settled to the south. 13 years early in 1607. saint augustine, still further south, had been established by the spanish in 1655. and the lost roanoke island colony had been established in north carolina in 1595. at the same time, in new england, without a full settlement, there were traders up and down the coast. active on the shores. and they had accounted many many indians. not always in a friendly way. despite the good relations that grew up initially between the pilgrim settlers and local indians, which is celebrated in our holiday of thanksgiving, the relations between the natives and the various english settlers that followed were often tense and hostile. all of this culminates a half- century later in 1675 and 1676. in a luddy and brutal war, king philip's war, in which about 10% of the male settlers in southern new england were killed. this focus that is given today to the king philip's war, and the outcome that ensued, this focus now hovers today over many historians treatment of the women settlement in 1620. which it de

when the english settlement of america began in jamestown in 1607, shakespeare was at the height of his london career. after shakespeare's death as his worths became popular in great britain, his popularity carried over to colonial america. the first performance of a shakespeare play was in the -- the first american performance was in 1750, and there were many soon after that. in new york, philadelphia, and williamsburg. as the american nation developed, shakespeare's influence grew. two of the first distinctively american novelists were heavily influenced by shakespeare. and shakespeare's greatest 19th century author mark twain was an avid reader of shakespeare. in "huckleberry fin," the barn storming rascals and showman, the duke and the king, perform a slapstick of mangled passages from various shakespeare plays. and the humor depends on the reader's familiarity with shakespeare's original material. shakespeare's mays dominated the american theater. in new york city, you could attend any one of three performances of mcbeth on a single evening in 1849. it wasn't just the eastern elite

stephen hopkins, a stranger who appears to have been in jamestown prior to boarding the main and had some experience with native americans. by this is, squanto is still alive. he goes with him walking the hardpacked native trails that crisscross new england at this time. about 45 mile walk from plymouth and they head out. there are no horses yet and plymouth colony. they are walking these trails. they just left the sediment when they come across a group of native americans who were collecting lobsters in plymouth harbor. they begin to talk. as they conversed with a new companion, the englishman learned to walk across the land in southern new england was to travel in time. all along this narrow hardpacked trail circular foot deep hole in the ground that had been dug where any remarkable act had occurred. it was each person's responsibility to maintain the holes and to conform fellow travelers of what had once happened in that particular place so that many things of great antiquity are fresh in memory. winslow and hopkins began to see that they were traversing a mythic land where a sen

in 1611, cattle arrives in jamestown.here's a cattle tradition, smaller, not a significant amount coming in that area as well, and so again, one of the reasons that cowboys -- black people were used quite a bit in terms of this, you are talking about basically hunting wild cows, and that was tough work in trying to locate them and bring them out of the bush, et cetera, et cetera. that's often the kind of work that blacks often did. yeah, thank you. thank you. there you go. when i grew up, if anybody asked me about cowboys, this is what i would have been talking about. hop along cassidy, jean autry, roy rogers, cisco kid, those are the cowboys i would have been talking about, because i had no idea there were black cowboys. and probably most of my peers, if you asked anybody growing up in edwardsville, illinois, about cowboys, by and large that's what you would end up with, this sort of thing. however in 1966, again, this book came out "the adventures of negro cowboys," and one year earlier two professors from university of

he was appalled at atrocities perpetrated in jamestown. he recounted with horror the vision of a young, pregnant american woman whose body had been mutilated and eviscerated, then hung on the door with her defunct fetus hanging from her hollow womb with a sign that read, "damned rebel, no longer shall you give birth." kinder hospitality and maurice could be found between generals and bourgeoisie, which they met in cities like boston and newport. there were some american mores that french officers could not fathom. a number of officers marveled at the practice of bundling, which allowed young couples, engaged to be married or unengaged, to spend hours or even entire night alone together in a bedroom. there, they were to remain completely clothes but could kiss and expose themselves to tender caresses, accepting those that only marriage has a right to permit bundling he concluded, it is really only four americans. policies and prejudices that fueled anti-fraternization would not be the last thing character between french and american officer

winslow, who had become massasoit's best friend, and steven hawkins, who appears to have been in jamestown prior to boarding the mayflower and had experience with the native americans. squanto is still alive and he goes with them walking the hard-packed native triails that criss-crossed new england at this time. it's about a 45-minute walk and they head out. there's no horses yet, so they're walking these trails and they've just left the settlement when they come across a groupse and they cross native americans collecting lobsters. they learn that to walk across the land in southern new england was to travel in time. all along this nay row hard packed trail was circular foot deep holes in the ground that had been dug where any remarkable act had occurred. it every person's responsibility to maintain them so many things of great antiquity, so has as a man travels, the journey will be less tedious by the discourses related unto him. in closing my plea is that we keep the memory holes alive. thank you very much. >> i would be happy to try to answer some of your questions. any questions? yes,

>>a look at in jamestown right dresses, 2700 glass house and we have about 13,000 pixels all of them individually addressable sing with his music. >>a great thing for families arrive by if they can listen to the car playing on the radio. it takes a very long time to set up all the all these props are yet to build you have to push the fix is in and then once you build all the light fixtures are light to see was everything to the music program everything. >>generally people always want to you know how much your power bill is but these lights can seem less than a and you know they are dry or some of them say it's likely the las vegas. and this gives you a lot more ability to be able to program your own songs. be able to kind of create your own effect. a trickle contractor that specializes in lighting i've been in the lighting business for about. 12 years now and i love lighting in pretty much everything it is a great way to kind of share my passion with the community. >>it's just like a giant christmas i just want to be their neighbors because it's late at night and then the lights are

the muslim ban, this ties in, muslims have been in america since long before there's a colony at jamestown the earliest muslims that landed here came with spanish expedition that explored the north american continent. even before you arrived is really kind of tiling. it tells us that you perceive yourself to have the power to decide who belongs in this country and who doesn't. and so i think because that history of earliest muslims did not talk in schools it's kind of american collective history. it makes these bands seemed like they are just targeted at foreigners. when in reality these bands often times are targeting americans like you and me. if you are a yemeni american, you have now lost the ability -- if you are born here but of dissension of the lost the ability to sponsor a grandmother or an uncle, or a cousin or anybody was born in yemen. you don't have that. you are a german you have that right. so it is actually taking away rights from people from yemen. their nativeborn americans. it is really stripping away at the constitutional rights of people here. but it looks like it's on

massasoit's best friend among the pilgrims, and stephen hopkins, a stranger who appears to have been in jamestown prior to boarding the mayflower and had some experience with native americans. at this point, squanto is still alive. he goes with them, walking the hardpacked native trails that crisscross new england at this time. it is about a 45-mile walk from plymouth. they head out. there are no horses yet in plymouth colony, so they had just left the settlement when they come across a group of native americans who had been collecting lobsters in plymouth harbor. they began to talk. as they conversed with their new englishman== -- englishmen learned that to walk across the land in southern new england was to travel in time. all along, this narrow hardpacked trail, where circular, foot-deep holes that occurred were anything remarkable had occurred. it was to inform fellow travelers what had happened in that place so many things of great antiquity are fresh in memory. winslow and hopkins began to see that they were traversing a mythic land, where a sense of community extended far into the distant

that -- this ties to erasure -- muslims have been in america since long before there was colony of jamestown. the earlier muslims than landed here came with spanish expeditions that explored the north american continent. so this idea you're going to ban people who were here even before you arrived is really kind of telling. it tells us that you perceive yourself to have the power to decide who belongs in this country and who doesn't. and i think that because that history, because that history of earliest muslims is not taught in schools, it contributes to a kind of erasure of muslims from american collective history and makes these bans seem like they're just targeted at foreigners when in reality these bans often times are targeting americans like you and me. if you are a yemeni american you have now lost the ability to -- if you're born here, you areemeni dissent you have lost the ability to sponsor a grandmother or uncle or cousin or anybody who was born in yemen. you don't have that option. you're german you have that right. so it's actually taking away rights from people from yemen, fro