they're almost always appearing in roles as porters, januaryityors, washers, cooks. many thep were the subjects in the ads, rarpely part of the story. this is one of the most disturbing ads you will see over the course of the semester. we'll come back to it. the images of african-americans in ads were often quite derogatory and to our modern eyes quite shocking. that's because the executives didn't think they were trying to appeal to african-american consumers. they thought white consumers were the only ones that matters. we see this with gender too, the women are just a basis for x appeal and aren't really considered as consumers. when we come back next time we're going to talk about new places of -- of consumption, department stores, and catalogue shopping. thank you all! [captioning performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2016] >> join us at 8:00 p.m. every saturday evening to join students in class rooms as we hear lectures in history. also available as podcasts. visit our website or download them from i-tune