as both what bowles simpson proposed in the tenth year of their proposal. so it phases into the same place they are. >> jonathan? >> you mentioned jason, you were talking about that the president's trade agenda, and you talk about its impact on gdp and productivity. but if you talk to a lot of democrats who are opposing the president's agenda they say that the disconnect here is between gdp and middle class income growth. it's not finish that's not happening -- it's not, that's not happening. how do you make the pitch to them and how do you make the pitch to us that a higher gdp actually will translate into stronger middle income growth when that has not happened, basically, for to 20 years. >> well, i think one of the important lessons that we have in chapter one of this report we look at middle class income growth from 1948 through 2013. and a lot of -- frankly, both democrats and republicans are increasingly aware that over the last several decades we haven't seen as fast income growth as we had in the decades before that. the important analysis here is that's due to a combination of slower productivity growth since 1973 in part be