and finally next to me, jason heely, the director of our stieber -- cyber initiative here at the atlantic council who will speak about the cyber realm. he served as a policy director at the white house as executive director of goldman sachs asia is an intelligence officer bringing those works together recently published a fierce domain, a first history of conflict in cyber space. so with that, let me come back to you and turn to you to kick off this discussion. given the world that fred laid out, given the new challenges the alliance is facing, what is the relevant meaning of deterrence today as we look to the future? >> thank you, damon. and thanks for the really easy questions that you posed to me. but seriously, thank you to our norwegian partners who have been wonderful to work with. it's been a pleasure to addressing these critical issues at this critical time. i thought fred kemp did a fantastic job of sort of summarizing the essence of our june 5th conference which started this effort, sort of where the world is headed in the medium and long-term. these major changes that are under