jacob had trouble raising money. he had trouble getting alone. people found out he was over extended. not somber temper 18 1873, jayh and company declared bankruptcy. gwen cook went under, it drag down other businesses and railroads and banks with him. a panic hit wall street. you see a picture here. beginning september 20th, the new york stock exchange, which i said was heavily populated by railroad stocks, closed for ten days. over the next two months, 55 railroads went bankrupt. it did not stop there. by 1874, 25% of the nations railroad bonds were in the thought. it wasn't just railroads that were affected. over the following two years, there were over 18,000 business failures. many people, including this cartoonist, clung to the traditional view that ultimately this was a necessary evil. right? failure is part of the capitalist system and so we should see the panic as the cartoonist does, as a sanitation officer cleaning all of the trash out of wall street. and maybe so, but in the meantime, a lot of people had to suffer. in the meantime, railroad construction ground to a halt. unemployment skyrocketed in many