in the safety campaigns local automobile groups reinvented a term called jay walker. the original hybrid of jay was jay driver for the driver who menaces pedestrians. they reinvented this term as a way to make fun of pedestrians who walked anywhere. and newspaper campaigns tell us this is how people learned the word. this was not enough, it was a great first start. a second step was getting cities to actually legally forbid jay walking and by the mid 1920s they were succeeding at this through means i won't go into for reasons of time but which i can be happy to explain. >>> a nice little illustration of this redefinition for whom streets are comes from yellow taxi cap from chi chicago, and traffic signals were so they wanted streets to be for cars, mainly taxi cabs and once they got it in the response was quite vocal for pedestrians, hey, we can't walk in the streit wherever we want anymore, so this is a piece of that re definition redefinition as well. in 1923, local people in cincinnati, 42,000 of them signed petitions to mechanically equipment automobiles with speed