. >> thank you, my name is jeff schwartz. i will any of saratoga. my key computer passwords are -- [ laughter ] could you comment generally on the interaction in challenges, if there have been some, of district determination and the primary process and particularly here in california, approaching the first open primary, where it would seem that that might either add to or undo some of the court imposed restrictions andimposeed restrictions in the vetting rights act. >> not positive, i get that, i think that -- so tlaets a loss on the ways to talk about that topic. the depending on whether you have a closed or pope primary. it is sometimes the case that certain groups, racial groups, also will be -- do better under a primary system or another. that was in the case -- where the department of justice said that where the move to nonpartisan elections makes it tougher for them to elect their candidate of choice. that is an interesting area where it's happening. the, you know, a lot of what -- i'll tell you research that i have done on that case and in no

my name is jeff schwartz. i live in saratoga, my key computer passwords -- [laughter] >> could you comment generally on the interaction and challenges, if there have been some, of district determination and the primary process and particularly here in california approaching the first open primary where it would seem that might either add to or undo some of the court imposed restrictions and some of the statutory restrictions in the voting rights act? >> i'm positive i get that. i think that -- so there was a lot of ways to talk about that topic. depending on whether you have a closed or an open primary, it is sometimes the case that certain groups, racial groups also, will do better under one type of primary system or another. this is actually the issue in the kingston case, that north carolina case where the department of justice said that the move to nonpartisan elections makes it less likely for minority -- african-americans to elect their preferred candidate of choice so they denied it under the voting rig