the thing is jefferson hates banks. you've got to understand that about jefferson. he hates the kind of mysterious control that's exercised over our lives and deprives us of our liberties. now, it's not just a simple knee jerk populist reaction to the masters of the universe, though it has some flavor of that as well. i think he would say that the energy of the kind of participation, and he would say this to tea parties as well, that this is a civic resource, but can it be more than it is now in the criticism of the wall street people is they don't have a program. it's not their fault. i mean, this is an extension crisis for unemployable college graduates. there are students here. i should be careful. talk about the living generation. i don't know. is this generation going to get a chance? i think this is something i -- i get to articulate my own opinions here when i'm pretending to talk about jefferson. i think jefferson would have been appalled at the inequality that characterizes the united states of america today and that we can -- we can try to conjure it away

jefferson said, you know, what you're really doing -- i am again channeling jefferson -- what you're really doing, jamie, you are repackaging the old regime. mixed government. you're just an anglo file. this is not the solution, this is the problem. this is, we don't have a house of lords, we come up with some fancy classical way of touk the senate. we don't have a king. we have a president. and of course a president merely presides. that's the theory. let's be honest about this new world that we have brought into being and let's make it thoroughly and comprehensively democratic, or republican. here are the two grand solutions that jefferson over the course of his later life, after having written the declaration of independence and served his country and his state in many capacities, including as president of the united states, retires in 1809 and goes into his most mature period of political thought in which he brings these things together. there are two ways that we can limit the excesses of democracy, democratic ways to secure our rights. the first one i anticipated in talking abo

jefferson still thinks so. we see that his secretary of war in the 1820s named james barber would comment that there would be enough land for 500 years. well, he didn't get it right either. in fact, we know that by 1890, the frontier vanishes. so what jefferson sees is that over the course of 100 years or so, americans had crossed the appalachian mountains, they had moved down the mississippi valley, they had begun trickling into east and west florida. america has secured the louisiana purchase, and now all eyes would focus to the west. and to the south. of course, that would be texas. now, while the acquisition of louisiana does momentarily satisfy this desire for expansion, it was only a moment. in 1810 -- now, i know this is texas history. so as i tell you this, i don't want you to be upset, i don't want to hear any hissing or booing. in september of 1810, there's going to be a minor uprising. and of all places in baton rouge, louisiana. now, let me tell you what happens here. there are a group of americans

jefferson. latour was convinced that if the spanish don't put up a wall, they don't put up a wall, americans are going to flood into texas. in fact, he said, should spain not do something, the time will come and unfortunately is not far off when the americans will pour in myriads into mexico. so they won't even just go to texas, but they'll make it all the way to mexico. the reason, he says, because the americans have strength of character. they have courage. they have skill in the use of guns, and their eyes are fixed on texas and mexico like the jews on the promised land. well, he insisted they would join any expedition, like they had done with the gutierrez de lara/magee expedition. they would join any expedition even if it had little prospect of success because they had everything to gain and nothing to lose. well, what latour is telling them, you guys got to do something here. you know, americans are already gathering in arkansas, and they're beginning to trickle over into texas. it's only

jefferson street plant is old. it calls for resolving a problem with the great majority of people there are pedestrians that are crowded onto narrow sidewalks. well the great majority of the right away is dedicated to a small number of vehicles, many of which are searching for parking that is mostly located a block away. the plan calls for taking what is the standard 37 ft. with street with to travel lanes and parking on each side and changing it to have a much stronger pedestrian orientation. first, the street has changed from being a one way to to way. this makes it easier to understand and reach destinations. next, it is narrowed by 15 feet by moving the north curve into the south, and the new found space is given to pedestrians to continue the very popular, not across the waterfront. the street would not have any parking, but would accommodate informal parking and service loading. the existing sidewalk on the north side that is now sidewalk and cafes face could convert to a cafe zone. the edge between the cafe

i will tell you what jefferson davis has reputed. fighting the only time that he ever complemented abraham lincoln the proposal to davis that an attempt should be to made to kidnap lincoln and to bring himself and told him somehow hostage in return for the release of the confederate prisoners and the war or perhaps even for a confederate independent. davis is reported as saying by william preston johnston they wouldn't do any good. lincoln would die rather than be taken he is a western man in a western man will not give any fight to the dead. there are a couple of interesting books that have been done in the recent years that at least a circumstantial case with a loss of connections between benjamin c. department and the connection lines that are the so-called doctor's line connecting richmond to washington and with john wilkes booth and some of the other people behind the union lines. but whether or not -- the deals are follow the money. well, apparently some of his people were using confederate state department funds but whether be

jefferson and madison are virginia planters. positive their deal wings international business and finance are with middle men in england who buy them their luxuries and never seem to pay them enough for their crops. they think that they are probably also unconstitutional. foreign policy becomes an issue because washington is first inaugurated in april 1789. four months later the bastille falls. beginning the french revolution and very soon series of revolutionary wars which then become napoleonic wars that won't end until waterloo. so the early republic exists in the shadow of a world war that is longer than world war's i and ii put together, as violent as either of them and ideological as the cold war. and washington's adviser take sides on in this conflict. early on, hamilton has a conversation with the british agent and tells him we think english -- united states and britain. what he means by that we are traditional trading partners and this has been good for both of us. let's try to keep this going despite our former conflic

jefferson and madison are virginia planters. their dealings with international business and finance are with middlemen in england who buy them their luxuries and never seem to pay them enough for their crops. so they look at hamilton's plan with alarm and suspicion and they think they're probably also unconstitutional. foreign policy becomes an issue because washington is first inarg gur rated in april of 1789. the bass steel falls beginning the french revolution and very soon a series of revolutionary wars which then become the napoleonic wars which won't end until waterloo. the early republic exists in the shadow of a world war that's longer than world wars 1 and 2 put together, as violent as either of them, and as ideological as the cold war. and washington's advisors take sides in this conflict. early on hamilton has a conversation with a british asian. he tells him we think in english, meaning the united states and britain. what he means by that is we are traditional trading partners. this has been good for both of us, let'

thomas jefferson, jefferson -- jefferson liked a little bit of information and collected them from other people. he collected gossip and also wrote down things he observed. he called these the anas, a greek word. i forget what it means. this is where the two party system is already forming and washington is being attacked by the republican party newspaper the national gazette. the editor at the national gazette look for thomas jefferson in the state department as a clerk translator. this is just to give him an extra salary and access to government documents that jefferson is paying this guy who is editor of the newspaper and the newspapers attacking george washington and henry knox brings a copy of the latest issue to a cabinet meeting. a poll about washington being to the guillotine. washington sees this and says i saw it. i get a copy of this newspaper every morning. he sends me three copies of this newspaper. he expects me to be a distributor of his newspaper. i would rather gone back to mount vernon. i would rather be at home than the emperor of the world and jefferson writes this al

thomas jefferson -- jefferson had a side -- almost a nixonan side. he liked bits of information and he collected gossip and also wrote down things he observed and called these the ann a's, a greek word. i'm blanking what it means. it's a name for his hoard of information. so one of his little tidbits is a cabinet meeting that jefferson attends and this is from the two-party system is already forming in washington is being attacked by this republican newspaper, the national gazette. now, the editor of the national gazette works for thomas jefferson in the state department. he has a job as a clerk translator. this is just to give hem -- him an extra salary and access to government documents. so jefferson is paying this guy and this newspaper is attacking george washington. and henry knox, secretary of war, brings a copy to a cabinet meeting, a poem about washington being led the guillotine. so, washington sees this thing and says, well, yes, i saw it. i get a copy of this newspaper every morning. and in fact he sends me three copies of this newspaper a

to save the trees, jefferson tried a new method. he cut branches off of the asian trees to grow new ones. the idea wasn't accepted right away. it required more money and time. but he continued anyway, to preserve the tree's 'japanese origin. the white house heard about jefferson's efforts. nancy reagan, the first lady at the time, recognized the proponents of saving the -- the pornls of saving the original trees. later, the public also became aware. it's been 30 years since jefferson's started the work. others are continuing his mission. thanks to more than 700 trees adorn the mark. >> i know how important those trees are. i thought, by all means with original trees should be maintained and kept. >> jefferson's next step was to spread is cherry blossoms across the u.s. in all over japan, he collected specimens that can grow in any u.s. climate. jefferson gathered 400 kinds of cherry trees and they now are standing in the national arboretum. based on his collection they research hybrids that can grow anywhere in the country. so far,

jefferson and twain.i enter the temple. i teach in both english department and and a gender and women's studies and i will be your moderator for today. i sent the esteemed authors for questions to think about and they are free to range widely or to answer some of the specifically. so i'll just go through them quickly. what is the most intriguing discovery he made about your biographical subjects? what were the challenges of balancing the women's lives of the more famous men to whom they were attached. but audience did you imagine reading your book and how did this influence your writing? i bet they were thinking of a paying audience. and what is a mystery or question that still puzzles you about the wanted for the women quiet each of our authors has agreed to speak for eight minutes, which should be the thing that it's time for questions and answers. our first author is christy miller, who was a research fellow at the university of arizona south west center. she is the author of four books. her enormously

this book, the women at jefferson loved is about the women that thomas jefferson felt he had made secret promises to. so it's about his mother and his wife and his daughters and his granddaughter's and the women of his great her family. when i say the women jefferson loved, what name comes to mind? i know why you are all here. [laughter] sally hangs, of course, the person that is family tried hardest to erase. this is his granddaughter, ellen rim of coolidge and she took it upon herself to try to erase the entire story about thomas jefferson and sally hemingses and she said this relationship, the relationship between my grandfather, my grandfather and this slave girl could not have existed, but in tough, couldn't have come he wouldn't have done it. she called it a moral in possibility. i'm going to guess the people in this room know there are lots of things that are not moral in human relationships but there are hardly anything that is impossible. so, what the kind of story that ellen could little about thomas jefferson's family looked a lot like a sentimental image of what thomas jeffer

so he put jefferson on the front lawn. and mrs. polk, who was a shrewd gal, she got a picture of cortez and hung it in the blue room. so she saw little jimmy polk as cortez and not jefferson then. this is the lawn over which the people -- they leapt over the fence that last speech lincoln made, and there were several thousand people there. the greenhouse was a very popular feature of the white house for about 40 years. it was torn down in 1902. or moved. part of it was moved. it was not the same one. 24 one was wooden, and this one burned about five years after lincoln's time. but here you see nicolet greeting plains indians and some ladies there and probably the agents, indian agents. these are the contents of the earlier orangery. and those are sasanquas which were very popular in the white house. and they used to take them out and put them in the halls during parties. the lincolns did that. everybody did that. and this was the best place to take pictures because of the overhead light. all winter long in cold, cold weather this g

thomas jefferson. he sure did. but again, we can go back in a minute to our constitution again, but i was very fascinated by this new york times article that indicated that our constitution which for so long had been the template from which other open societies developed their own models, it has fallen dramatically out of favor and i was looking at some other constitutions around world and there were some interesting things written. one constitution that was just approved in april of 2009 has this statement says the state south's -- of substantially guarantee all citizens genuine democratic rights and freedoms and happy, material and cultural lives. if a constitution can guarantee that to which people, ours doesn't. maybe that is why people -- why our constitution has fallen out of favor elsewhere. can any of you divine where the statement might have come from? i will read it again. the state shall substantially guarantee all citizens genuine democratic freedom, right to freedom, and happy, material and cultural li

explain to me what jefferson's love for wine was all about. >> i like to think thomas jefferson actuallyover 200 years ago. >> reporter: wine director. >> or a gate keeper to drinking wine. his last year of president, his salary was $7,500. he spent 7,000 of his own money on wine. >> reporter: wow. >> so he loved to drink. he loved wine from all over the world. we have 40 of these wines, which are medera, from the island, to the fortified wine that's out standing. >> reporter: what's the difference? >> he, along with our founding fathers, they drank a lot of medera. you can have a glass or full bottle. whatever you like. the first wine here, this is from the year 1890. the next one is a medera from 1912. so 100 years this year. i'm going to skip over this quick. the last one, this is a good value, very young, from 1994. the one here, this is 1780, which we only have about half a bottle left, and only a bottle and a half left over world wide. >> reporter: wow. >> the grapes actually were harvested in the year 1780. so he was alive. we have this one here from 1780 and another one from 1810

we've heard about thomas jefferson. we've heard from the jefferson chair at the university of virginia which is jefferson's university in the person of peter onuf, the so-called father of the constitution, james madison, jefferson's good friend. we saw a picture of james monroe in that boat right there right beside george washington. again, john quincy adams was mentioned. that's the spine of american history. and i want to suggest, just because i wanted to -- my talk today is going to be about the constitution. that's what i do, that's where i live and move and have my being as intellectually as in the constitution, and i wanted to basically give you one kind of memorable way to to pull together the basic theme of my talk. i want to suggest that our constitution is in its basic structure far more jackson, andrew jackson-like, than we've been taught. i'll tell you at the end of today, three ways to sort of remember that it's all about jackson and for all of you, but in a nutshell our constitution is more small "d" democ

would jefferson davis and his government been able to continue to receive foreign loans to turn out the loans and the contributions in the south to keep funding a military effort if their soldiers had turned and fled in shame at first manassas? and it's a fair question. it's quite possible the confederacy might simply have withered away had they not. >> especially with virginia occupy -- troops on the ground. john? >> no, i don't think it would have made any difference. >> i'm going to steal a page from something adam started to talk about a little while ago. and i'll elaborate on that a little bit. you have to keep in mind what the objective of each side is. the south begins war, it's already a de facto separate independent society with 750,000 square miles territory and the loss at manassas would not have brought an end to that war that year or maybe even the following year. the union had much the harder job. they better have dominant tradition and three times the number of men and eight times the number of manufactured goods because their job was to invade, occupy, and hold that terr

she saw him as cortez and not jefferson then. is the lawn, in the last speech that lincoln made and there were several thousand people there. the greenhouse, a very popular feature of the white house, it was torn down in 1902 and part of it was moved. it was not this same one. this one wooden and this one burned. here you see them greeting indians and ladies there. and the agents, these are the contents of the earlier and those were popular in the white house. they used to take them out and put them in the halls. this was the best place to take pictures. all winter long this was a retreat for the family. the lawn in the back, what they did was they brought sheep in, and it was one of the perks of the gardner to take the money and they went in and the fire engine was brought out and they greened it up. and they had two rollers and they would flatten it out. and linton used to go into the blue room behind that and he would close the shoutters and h would lion the sofa and listen to the marine band and the public was allowed to come

she died in march of 1776 so he wasn't even the thomas jefferson we think of as thomas jefferson whenhe died. he hadn't become that guy had yet. but when you talk about his daughter, patsy course of his granddaughters, it's a different story to it i think they wrote letters and expected to be preserved or to preserve them in their own edited fashion. the road every literary letters and with some expectation this would be a legacy for them and a couple of his granddaughters were just absolutely, you know, they really would have liked to at one point when the family was broken his granddaughter said i wished i was a man because i could do all kind of things to save the family fortunes that i can't do being a woman. what we should start a school. at least we could do that. and in fact they did in that kind of saving some of what they had died the women starting a school as they were doing at that time. so it's going to vary from person-to-person in the same way that over the generations i think things change from a point of view of their attitudes towards relationships between masters an

you all say thomas jefferson, of course. take away the three-fifths, there are two elections of southerner against northerner, jefferson against adams and adams wins the first and then ohio flips. flips pennsylvania. the swing state at the time is new york which is a slave state at the time. but it flips but without a pro-slavery bias of the extra three-fifths, john adams wins even in 1800. he knows that and all the federalists know that. the constitution is amended but not that one. the 12th amendment makes it safe for a populous presidency. jefferson and madison, in principle they are opposed to slavery but once they understand their bread is buttered on the southern side party, their founding has its base in slavery, you don't hear so much about anti-slavery from those guys. and even great northerners like john quincy adams, he doesn't say that much against slavery. afterwards he does. there's no openly anti-slavery presence before 1860. your simple test, someone gets up, slavery is wrong, you should eventually get rid of

i'm jefferson davis was not someone you want to mess with. he was known as a ferocious advocate in favor of slavery, but anybody who knew him from congress, either as a senator or house member committee that he was also a vicious insider, very clever bureaucrats and tremendous protectorate turf, hold grudges capable of towering rates. if you've gotten this bad might come you never cut off his right side and need a hair trigger temper and was willing -- which went off at the slightest provocation. so come you go from walter, whose project was millard fillmore, a disappearing wig and would come to montgomery c. nine, 836 or army cap and it says i don't like the way you're doing this. that's fine. talk to my boss. talk to my boss is not a good game, not a fun experience. so did three things when he came in. that was the second thing about montgomery megs. his innovation and energy and skill, coupled with walter's artistic talent and design skill and davis' political clout is what drove this project forward. during the four years at the pearce ad

john adams, the second, thomas jefferson, the third. but where his picture should be hung as the fourth president, madison hangs the picture of the fifth president, james monroe. and visitors note that. why doesn't he put his own portrait here? and then as they look around the room, they discover that madison has hung his own portrait as one visitor said, in the corner behind the door showing his modesty, but he has also hung his portrait next to his beloved dolley. so, again, he is telling you an awful lot about himself, the importance of dolley in his life. over this thomas jefferson, his best friend, and next to it a picture of mary magdalen. i thought he long hung it next to jefferson to poke a little fun at his friend. you also see other features that impress visitors. the bust, these are notable people of american history from george washington to the marquis d 'lafayette. they served tea here. they welcomed their guests. they had many visitors. while every visitor had access to this room and would be welcomed by madison or dolley

>> there were a lot of people, including jefferson davis and e even to some extent robert e. lee hoping things would turn out differently. i cite her as an example. s a largeee segment of people dido their heads in the sand and didn't want to see what was o coming and other people talk ana evac ways acuation and feared i. a range of opinion.a the government actually made some effort of evacuation a week or so before the fall of the city but didn't do it with enough energy either to frighten people or to accomplish what they were trying to do, becausey when the time came they to throi together a couple of trains and they escaped with some of the papers and the cabinet officers, and that was it. yes? >> how would you compare the significance of the fall of esti richmond and the surrender at rd epmatics?er >> question is, how does the fall of richmond and the surrender compare?y the fall are richmond, because of the telegraph lines, the o union army had telegraph lines 3 to washington. so that the city fell the and morning of monday, april the y 3rd, by mid-morning, people kne i

initially jefferson davis said we'll not give up a single inch of our soil. well, that's impractical. and it didn't work out that way either. so, you allow the enemy to penetrate, but then you -- in circumstance of your choosing when the enemy is lost or has made a mistake or can be numbered or you can attack the enemy's fractions with your mast, you attack, the offense. go on the offense. davis believed in that strategy i think, and this is gravely oversimplified, davis said we will outwill the united states. we will exist. every day we exist we're winning. the united states is losing every day we survive. and the longer we exist, the more regular we will seem to the rest of the world and even to our enemies. and if all else fails, we will just abandon conventional modern war, take to the hills, and be guerrillas. davis is anticipating post-modern warfare. imagine. good old boys as vietcong or i.r.a. or other post-modern forms of warfare. and this is what davis anticipates as a last resort at least. meanwhile, he believes he can outlast the union will. lee i

jefferson with a wreath laying ceremony at the jefferson memorial and here's a little fact for you. it was president franklin roosevelt that dedicated the memorial back on this date in 1943, the 200th anniversary of thomas jefferson's birth. >>> titanic split open by a burg, her side ripped over as -- berg, her side ripped open like a can opener, just one of the headlines of the sinking of the titanic. it happened 100 years ago this weekend, april, 1912, and as the newspaper saying goes you can read all about it, the museum marking the anniversary with a special exhibit and showcasing the front pages of the titanic in cases that line the museum on pennsylvania in northwest. >> one of the big points of interest is initially the newspapers got it terribly wrong, indicated that all of the passengers had survived. everybody was going to be all right and we know obviously in hindsight that that's not true, the vast majority of the passengers were not saved. >> the special exhibit runs through next friday. >>> next tuesday space shuttle discovery will arrive at its permanent home, the smi

and it was jefferson's manual, still part of the rules of the house of representatives. it's not officially part of the senate's rules, but the senate has lived up to thomas jefferson's rules and manuals from the very beginning. and, in fact, the language that senators use today that henry clay would have used, and that senator mcconnell uses today, is very much dictated by what jefferson suggested, which was, issues can be so emotional and so divisive and so heated, you have to cool things off so you can have a rational discussion. so when you're debating, you're not actually debating somebody else. you are speaking to the presiding officer. mr. president, my distinguished senior senator from the great state of such-and-such has incorrectly interpreted the constitution on this point. and i feel i must point out, you know -- very nice, polite, 19th century language that you still hear quite often in the senate chamber. senators forget from time to time. they turn around and look at another senator and say you, which is not permitted. sometimes reporters change that for t

jefferson, according to the oxford dictionary, originated 117 words -- the little. some of them lost. george washington. teddy roosevelt, a loose cannon, greater, bully pulpit, description of the whole package. he convinced the term pack rat, observing some rode in on one of his travels. >> not a knock at the opposition. >> also gave maxwell house coffee its slogan, good to the last drop. >> really? >> he was at maxwell house -- at the maxwell house and was a very from a person and a prior to ask, what do you think of the coffee? he said, good to the last drop. but all the president's credit in vast numbers of words. i am of to close to 1000. and some are quite remarkable. john adams, for example, creates caucus but the second president also creates bobolink -- or the first derided down. it may have existed in full speech of the oxford english dictionary gives in the credit. my favorite is warren harding, who sort of brings back or popularizes normalcy, returning to normalcy. obloviate to get up -- >> of low va it is much in love on fox television -- obloviate. >> b

thomas jefferson, famously employed french men, as well as irish servants. john quincy adams retained belgium. ulysses s. grant and william howard taft brought filipino to the white house when he become president in 1909. between 1860 and 1940, waves of african-american migration from the south brought an influx of new comers to the nation's capital. almost a reverse tide as we've heard from alexander this morning. related to the forced migration of blacks southward. some found jobs in the white house and established decade long careers at 1600 pennsylvania avenue. this afternoon, we are going to hear stories of a free man enterprising labor and life on the square. and a singular event often called the white house tea incident that reflect the growing tide of black contribution to economic, social and political life in washington in the 19th and early 20th centuries. first we'll hear from don graves a descendant of hotelier, who has spent decades researching his family's contributions. don called me out of the blue one day to inform me about his research and

out the evolution of the office and things -- you know, shadings that -- brought to the office by jefferson and jackson, of course, lincoln, and especially theodore roosevelt, i think that woodrow wilson marks out a clear dividing line from previous presidents for two reasons above all. the first was his open disdain for the constitution. professor mansfield noted some time ago wilson notable for being the first president to criticize the constitution. and that was merely of a piece with his dismissal of the founding which we thought was no longer relevant to the 20th century. his second original sin of the modern presidency was his conception the president should be someone who ought to be a leader with the capital "l," not in the ordinary sense of, say, sports team coach or even a chief executive of a company or military commander but someone of lofty transformative vision we might say today taking the american people to new and distant destinations the people themselves might not even be entirely aware they want to go. slightly more prosaic, wilson began the familiar practice increasingl

>> what thomas jackson thought of jefferson davis in 1862. jackson had a low opinion of davis. there are a number of episodes that make that abundantly clear. jackson's world view was that things were supposed to run according to the manual, and davis not only had accepted way out of channels complaints about jackson during the romney campaign that not only did not go through jackson, which is the way the book's supposed to be, he might have forgiven that, but they went through his superiors and went right straight to the secretary of war, the secular leader of the war effort. and jackson also is said to have been -- this is not quite so well documented -- disgusted with davis' unwillingness to pursue after first manassas. but there is a documented episode in the aftermath of the seven days when jefferson davis rode down past the battlefields to malvern hill on the morning of july 2 and came into the room where lee was for a conference with the leading commanders, jackson was present. he immediately stood up, stiffly at attention and then promptly left the room and there were e

thomas jefferson. i was very fascinated by the article that indicated our constitution was the template for so long. it has fallen dramatically out of favor. looking at other constitutions around the world, one just approved april 2009 says the state shall guarantee of assistance rights and freedoms and have the and material and cultural lives. if a constitution can guarantee that common maybe that is why we're read fall out of favor. k. neve think we're the statement came from? >> this day's show substantially guarantee all citizens freedoms and rights and have the and material and cultural lives. egypt? >> north korea. i see a look of astonishment. the that mean the constitution does not live op to its billing? >> ms constitution ratified 1973. the completion of this crowns the struggle on the road of popular democracy. for completion of the constitution crowns the people's struggle on the road of popular democracy. >> zimbabwe? >> iran? >> syria. isn't that amazing? one more. the constitution approv

thomas jefferson thought pretty highly of the french revolution. had some significant little dust-ups with folks here about it, and burke had serious, serious combat over his position on the french revolution. so he wasn't a man who didn't understand change. he supported the american revolution. he was appalled by the french revolution. and he was appalled because when the french got done, there was nothing left of history, of tradition, and there was no experience to go on with where they found themselves. so with the help of reason and the human mind and knowing that man is good, they tried to create something new. the something new was the reign of terror decried by burke who watched it, and then when that was over, they fell into a kind of, well, napoleon. and that's a whole other avenue. what's -- is napoleon like cromwell? napoleon certainly would not have been a burke favorite. you look at the french revolution and you look at the american revolution, you see the difference. the french tore it all down. in today's parlance, they threw the ba

(applause) (cheers and applause) >> well, i'm really glad you brought up thomas jefferson.f all, he is-- we as religious conservatives would have no reason to downplay thomas jefferson a fellow religious conserve tiferment. >> stephen: i don't care for the guy but if you felt like he had to be in your book, that is fichblt he took a razer to the bible, and that up set me you know that. >> absolutesly. >> stephen: why with would he tear out the miracles. >> his personal opinion. >> stephen: what is wrong with having a personal opinion about the bibe ohl, the bible is inner rant there are noer are rohrs in it. >> we don't share the same theology. >> stephen: okay. >> now. >> stephen: how do things get into text books because i imagine that experts wrote textbooks but in fact, they get voted on at a school board, as to what is true. >> what happens is-- (laughter) >> stephen: i'm just curious, i want to know, does the school board decide what goes in or out. >> the school board decides what is in the standards. and the people that write the textbooks write the standards. and i