she was martha jeffersons half-sister. she may have even resembled jefferson's wife. in 1784, jefferson took up a post as a trade ambassador. he was trying to forge treaties with the french and other countries so the new u.s. could survive. he wanted to have his daughters with him. he wanted to have martha and mariah, his youngest daughter. he wanted and enslaved woman or girl to accompany mariah on the long passage across the atlantic. it was the young sally hemmings who accompanied mariah to paris. sally hemmings lived with jefferson and his two daughters in paris. that may have been the beginning of their relationship or however you want to describe it. according to sally hemmings's son, she became pregnant by jefferson in paris. it was there that she extracted in important promise, and that was if she returned to virginia with him and for the child, in the future all of her children would be free. this is a huge decision for her. when she was on french soil, she was considered free. if she remained in paris, she could have been a free person. because of what we th

jefferson was a radical chic tie.he wanted the people of europe to know the americans were doing and a lot of people were envious of this. so, jefferson was the fellow who made it the case that being a member of albemarle county was not going to be a significant as before. not to say he was hostile to religion but he was hostile to the swan elite status. fourthly, they could've done more in the question of slavery. and i suppose it could've done more about anything that was not completely successful in his own time. on one side, yes. jefferson inherit slaves he owed people when he died, he was a spendthrift and that ultimately can find him to be in auctioned which was a horrible fate for slaves to suffer. all of this should be remembered and then the significant moral argument against slavery, he was the president who argued in 18 oh six that they should pass a law eliminating the importation of slaves in north america. it would be affected and so congress did bar that in 18 oh eight. his role was an important factor

submit in jefferson studies, research campus here at thomas jefferson's home still the only private house that is on the world heritage list. for united nations, all right it's my pressure to welcome kevin who is associate this professor for the university of colorado with some state universe. he'ses an ma and ph.d. degree university of pennsylvania and peter, of course, is a great friend to this foundation. and the personal friend as well and within of the great scholars countrily of thomas jefferson. he's a jd from the university of texas school of law. he's written five books and up with another book these include virginia american revolution, from dmin i can to republic 1776 to 18which was published in 2007 and james and making of the cat which was published in we've. now chatting with him before the start so not expected until about 2020 so it's a topic oddly that is not been written in this book that is the virginia dynasty presidents thomas jefferson, james madison, and james monroe. kevin will speak today on his most recent book thomas jefferson revolutionary a radical struggle to

his father dies with jefferson's 14. as a young man, he will inherit this land as well as the slaves that his father owned, and jefferson is going to decide to build up here on this mountaintop at a very young age. his is jefferson's home entire life. jefferson is trying to use that .lantation to make money like most virginia plantation owners, he has cash crops, primarily tobacco and later in his life, wheat. he has mixed success in turning a profit off of this plantation, but here on this mountaintop, this is also the center of his home life as well. retirement years, once the house is complete, this home is filled with his family .embers his daughter and her husband move into this home, so this would have been a home filled with his family members as well as guest. throughout jefferson's retirement years, as a very public official and as somebody for not onlyme being president of the united states but being the man who wrote the declaration of independence, he would have hosted perpetual rounds of company here. guests

she comes in with charges against jefferson. jefferson doesn't know what to say. he comes back and tries to apologize and they exchange a few letters, but abigail's furious and writes him off. adams realizes it's over. in 1812 rush works on both of them and manages brilliantly to have them have each quoted and that's enough says jefferson. rush manages brilliantly to have them quoted. he says he loves them, each of them individually, and that's enough for him. adams makes the first effort. he says, i'm sending you some artisan products of boston to you, and jefferson, being so literal minded, writes a long letter on manufacturing in virginia. what adams sent him was two volumes of his son's lectures that had just been published. then jefferson gets the gift and then he writes an apologetic letter. the correspondence goes on and they both appreciate it. they are aware they're writing for posteriority, jefferson in particular. they avoid up through 1819 any talk of slavery. jefferson makes a reference to it and adams pounces, goes into a long -- and jefferson pulls

jefferson's -- i won't say paranoia -- but jefferson was a very good hater. he was the least favorite of the founding fathers, as far as i'm concerned. he deserves displays on mount rushmore, but he was not a nice man. he had a very backward vision of the united states. he wanted it to be a republic of yoaman farmers. which was utopian then. jefferson lived in a wonderful world at the top of monticello divorced from the real world. , he hated commerce and banking. when we had a panic in new york in 1793 with bank stocks that suddenly crash, jefferson was delighted. he calculated they had lost $25 million. jefferson loved to calculate things. he said that was about the value of if the whole city of new york had been burned down. that thoroughly pleased thomas jefferson. hamilton had much clearer vision of where the world was going. i'm not sure jefferson ever read the wealth of nations, which hamilton certainly did. carol: but he certainly did borrow from, that is he read, of how britain had risen to power through the creation of a public debt. he was more tha

thomas jefferson was born here april 13, 1743. his father had moved out here to the west to get land, and his father was a surveyor who can actually co-authored in 1751, peter jefferson co-authored what was the official new map of virginia, which at that time it was nothing like it. it was the best map of virginia. so little tommy was raised on stories by this man who would go out and explore and make maps and discover. if you think about it, peter jefferson was using scientific experiments to make the unknown known, to create maps of what was to them wilderness, and to carve out of this unknown backcountry a beautiful image of a map. it's very poetic. it's a metaphor for jeffersons mind to come of this guy who is constantly learning, had combined the idea of science and knowledge with discovery. >> so we're heading to the top of the hill now. >> we are climbing monticello. one time this was over 2000 acres in thomas jeffersons estate. and where we're going to go is the highest point on that former estate which jefferson called mo

jefferson backstabbed washington. he said things behind his back and then denied it when confronted. they are all forceful people, but hamilton is going to stab you in the chest, not the back. carol: and then write 58 pages defending himself. john: in one night. [laughter] carol: right. akhil: you are right, it is a relationship over time. washington trusts hamilton throughout the course of his life. at the end of his life, the twilight, he is being summoned back into possible national service one more time just when he thought he was finally going to be able to rest at home comfortably. john adams says, there is a quasi-war with france, will you ride yet again to the rescue of your country? washington says yes, but you have to let me pick my deputies. today, cabinet officers might say i will serve only if i can pick my staff. and he wants hamilton. he knows he can trust hamilton and he wants all of his talents. if he is going to take the blame for failure, he's going to want his guy helping him and hamilton is his gu

it's a metaphor for jefferson's mind. this guy was constantly learning , combine the idea of signs and knowledge with discovery. >> were heading to the top of the hill. wechsler climbing monticello. this was over 2000 acres in thomas jefferson's estate. and where were going to go is the highest point on that former estate which jefferson called mount alto. mountain,e little thomas jefferson's little mountain. this was part of jefferson's 2000 acre estate which of course whereuld point out hundreds of people of color were enslaved for many years. >> and we can see mulberry road from a peer as well. it theon considered industrial part of his estate where he had a number of little factories and workshops that were manned by people of color, along in there, just next to the garden. ofwe will get more and more view of charlottesville. what can we see from up here? the big white building is the university hospital and just beyond that you can see the dome the historictunda, core of the university of virginia. just to the right

founded by jefferson in 1819. with the help of our comcast cable partners for the next 90 minutes, we'll look at the city's history and literary culture from local authors. >> we begin the special feature on charlottesville with a driving tour of the city. >> charlottesville is divided into three parts. there is the city, the county of albro morrow and then you have the university of virginia, that really is the window through which you can understand local issues, local politics, history there which one -- : charlottesville we took a driving tour of the city. >> i know charlottesville because it's on the back of the nickel. monticello right? >> that's correct. as we speak were driving towards monticello. it is that rise right there, the little mountain and thomas jefferson was born here on apri. his father had moved out here to the west to get land and his father peter jefferson was a surveyor. he actually co-authored, in 175d what was the official new map of virginia. at that time it was nothing like it was the

jefferson was the third. where is president numbered two, john adams -- as president number two, john adams? key is not there -- he is not there. that was a mistake of mr. bent. here is the original letter written by john adams to john bent complaining about the omission. when he received it, was horrified to find that his portrait was missing from the print. therefore, he returned it to john been along with this letter saying i'm returning this. please do not send another copy. in 1823, perhaps most important facsimile reproduction of the declaration of independence was issued. this is the so-called stone broadside. this print was actually taken directly from the original many that is nownuscript on display at the national archives. if you have seen the original, it is quite faded. one of the reasons it is fated ded was because of the treatment when it was prepared. it was dampened and pressed against the metal plate to ink from some of the the original. therefore, fortunately, a damaged the original -- unfo

library to learn more about the jefferson papers. >> jefferson is founder of uva he worked for many, many years to develop this system of education in virginia. uva was his he said it was his last great project which he did after he left the white house. he designed buildings and designed crime welcome. he servedded as first chair of the board of visitors. he was intimately involved as you will see in a lot of the details about building the buildings. so pretty much everything you can think of. his vision was -- it's a term that got thrown around a lot today called an academic call village if you look at his plan for the university, at the time a lot of universities king thed of one very big building where class were held and dormitory rooms things like that and jefferson's idea was to -- essentially make a village out of it with the students living near the the professors and classes being given in the professor's homes and -- you know so there was all of this constant interaction of students and faculty. plus it is in charlottesville in the 1820s which is very small town of a villa

at one time this was over 2000 acres in thomas jefferson's estate. where we will go is the highest point on the state which jefferson called mount alto. >> are we seeing monticello over there? >> that is a little mountain. again, this mountain was part of jefferson's 2000-acre estate, which of course we should point out where hundreds of people of color were enslaved for many years. >> we can see mulberry road from appear as well. >> that was sort of the industrial parts of his estate where he had a number of little factories and workshops that were manned by people of color. and i was just next to the garden. -- and it was just next to the garden. >> so we are getting more of a view of charlotte. >> isn't this great. >> what can we see from up here? >> you can see the big white building is the university hospital. beyond that is the dome of the uva rotunda. that's the historic core of the university of virginia. just to the right of that is the , big dome of the old university hall, the basketball arena built in the 1960s. you can start to see reall

and adams, not writing to jefferson, writes to somebody else after writing jefferson, jefferson and i have been talking about whether there's a hereafter. if it can ever be proven conclusively that there is no hereafter, my advice to every man, woman and child on the planet is to take opium. and so both of these guys are having doubts about whether traditional christian definitions of life after death are -- >> right. >> credible. adams dies a unitarian. jefferson dies a deityist. in terms of his weekly practice. but for them, the only, absolutely certain form of immortality is secular immortality. it's us. it's us thinking about them later. later is now. and so that part of the reason they're on their best behavior >> yeah. >> is that they're, they're trying to win fame. and fame is everlasting. it's not just like fortune. it's like every lastin-- everla. we're going to build streets after them, lakes after them. and that's true, more for jefferson of course. there needs to be a memorial to adams on the mall or maybe on the tidal basin over near the jefferson memorial and positioned

he started by approaching who else then thomas jefferson. thomas jefferson was the first person to find this book to pledge to purchase a copy of the print. the next signature is james madison. the third signature, john quincy adams, the president at that time, and so on. as the publisher carried the subscription book around the united states, he could show people who had already subscribed to the print and encourage them to purchase another copy. almost immediately, another publisher got the idea to prepare a competing print of the declaration of independence. so, this one was issued also in 1818. and here, he has added illustrations, also with more exact facsimile of the original document. one interesting feature of this print, as you can see, george washington is at the top. john hancock to the left. and then thomas jefferson. washington was the first president of the united states. jefferson was the third. where is president number two? john adams. he is not there. that was a mistake of mr. bent. here is the original letter written by jo

jefferson papers. >> jefferson is the founder of the cuvier and worked many years to develop the system of education in virginia and he said that was his last great project which he did after he left the white house. redesigned the buildings, the curriculum served as the director and intimate be involved as you will see in a lot of the details of building the building pretty much everything you can think of his view was the academic village looking at the plans for the university at the time it consisted of one very big building where class's were held and jefferson's idea was essentially make village out of it living near the professors and giving professors homes so there is constant interaction of students and faculty. plus it is in charlottesville in the 1820s city think of these amazing buildings in the middle of nowhere it was part of his ideal of the united states as the agrarian society with the elites becoming leader. >> the archives of the historical record go back long before the university was chartered by the state and the records comeback to the two institutions that prece

we take you to the special collections library to learn more about the thomas jefferson papers. >> jefferson is the founder of uva. he worked many years to develop the system of education in virginia. uva was his last great project. he did it after he left the white house. he designed the buildings and the curriculum. he was the first chair of the board of visitors. he was intimately involved as you will see in a lot of details about building the buildings. his vision is called an academic village. if you look at his plans for the university, at the time a lot of universities consisted of one very big building for classes were held and there were dormitory rooms. jefferson's idea was to make a village out of it, with students living here the professors and classes being given in the professors homes. there was constant interaction of students and faculty. it's in charlottesville, and in the 1820's there was a small town, a village really. if you think about these amazing buildings that went up in the early 1820's in the middle of nowhere, it was part of his ideal of the united states as an a

>> jefferson is the founder of uva. he worked for many, many years to develop a system of education in virginia. uva was his-- he said it was his last great project, which he did after he left the white house. he designed the buildings. he designed the curriculum. he served as the first rector of chair of the board of visitors he was intimately involved in details of the building. his vision was it's a term that got thrown around today ofan academical vision. at the time a lot of the university basically consisted of one very big building where classes were held and there were dormitory rooms and things like that and jefferson's idea was to essentially make a village out of it, with the students living near the professors and classes being given in the professors' homes and so there was all of this constant interaction of student and faculty plus it's in charlottesville, in 1820's, a very small town, a village, really. so if you think about these amazing buildings that went up in the early 1820's sitting out is he think

up next we take you to checks lie library to learn more about the jefferson papers. >> jefferson is the founder of uva. he worked for many, many years to develop a system of education in virginia. uva was his -- he said it was his last great project, which he did after the left the white house. he designedded the building, the curriculum, he served as the first rector or chair of the board of visitors. he was intime natalie involved, as you will see in a lot of the details about billing the buildings. is it calls an academic village and if you look at his manor university, at the time a lot of universities consisted of one big building where classes were held and jefferson's idea was to essentially make a village out of it, with the students living near the professors and classes being given in the professor's homes and so there was all this constant interaction of student and faculty. plus it's in charlottesville in the 1820s, a small town, village, really, if you think about these amazing buildings that went up in the 1820s, sitting out in the middle of nowhere in virginia, it was par

jefferson most especially. it turns out that the window was not opening, slavery was not dying, but it was growing. here it is, they could not foresee the cotton gin. they could not foresee the steam engine, and the steam engine is the first, and what's the word? there's a patented in 1776, but it becomes effective as a mode to producing a new kind of manufacturing in england by about 1820. and so the cotton kingdom comes into existence, and once that happens, the economics of it make it almost impossible to imagine it ending. all right. i wanted to talk to you and i will do so in the q and a about what location in the past that i recommend. and think of us as a -- i have a tour guide. and the destination that i recommend that you look at most closely is the adams-jefferson correspondence, and it is the correspondence between 1812 and 1826. adams said that you and i ought not die until we have explained ourselves to each other. they don't agree. this is what is great, but what we can see is that the disagreemen

it is a model jefferson adapted.e point out that in the lower corner he says it is a library, which it was very it is the library from when it opened in 1826 until 1928. we are proud of that. it served as a library and classroom building. there was a chemistry lab in the basement. there were meeting rooms. it was the center of university life. it changed dramatically in the 21st century. it was the library until 1938. the new library was built adjacent to this one. the rotunda was used as an event space and for offices. from world war ii until recently there was not a lot of assigned activity to the rotunda it was more of a ceremonial space. students could go here there for years without ever having to go into the rotunda, which did not seem like the right thing. recently, the rotunda has undergone about two years of repair and renovation with an eye to making it more accessible and more appealing to students. study in the domes, study in the other rooms, have it open at night. have more spaces for classes to meet. t

there was a concerted effort to get thomas jefferson elected as. the states case of appointing their electors as they meet and choose a president, there was an effort within the state to choose electors that would vote a certain way. this is getting very much away from the original concept. in most states, the electors were chosen by the assemblies. the assemblies selected the electors. 1792, washington was the obvious choice. there was no issue. in the next election, there was a majority that favored jefferson but there was a strong federalist presence. they divided the vote of -- proportionately. 1800 comes along and there is this concerted effort to make sure that jefferson was elected. rather than doing it it wanted aly, system where the candidate would get all of the vote. time, -- e more states were doing it. that it woulded it would go to choosing electors by popular vote and whoever got the -- rity of the popular vote they assume the jefferson would get the majority of votes if there was a popular vote. then he would get all of the votes. t

was part ofn jefferson's 2000 acre estate. of course, we should point out where hundreds of people of color were enslaved for many many years. >> and we can see mulberry road from appearance as well. >> that's right, mulberry row, jefferson considered it the industrial part of his estate, of littlead a number factories and workshops that were manned a people of color, just next to the garden. >> we are getting more and more of a few of charlottesville. appear?? we see from >>. university hospital, just beyond that the dome of the uva rotunda. that's the historic core of the university of virginia. to the right of that, you can see the big dome of the old university hall, that was pulled to the very 60's. thecan see what is becoming 21st century skyline of charlottesville. we are experiencing a tremendous boom in development. it's a good problem to have, but it is still a challenge. >> we have this great aerial view of downtown. should we had there now? >> yeah, let's go to the heart of downtown. we are driving into downtown ch

jefferson's father, peter jefferson, was a wealthy virginia planner and surveyor who married successfully into the prestigious randolph family. but he was not a refined and lib really educated gentleman. he did not read latin. he did not know french. he did not play the violin. and as far as we know, he never once questioned the idea of religious establishment or the owning of slaves. his son, thomas jefferson, was very different. indeed, all the revolutionaries knew things their fathers did not know, and they were eager to prove themselves in what they believed and valued by their disinterestedness, by their virtue. but there was one prominent revolutionary leader who did not seek to play this role that the others did. now, on the face of it, aaron burr had all the credentials of being a great founder. he was a revolutionary war veteran, a princeton graduate, and a charming and wealthy aristocrat. he eventually became a senator from new york and vice president of the united states, the third, and his predecessors were john adams and thomas jefferson. he was well on his way to a great car

jefferson agrees to do this on two conditions.one, you have to teach other enslaved people on monticello how to cook. i spent all this money training you, i want you to impart does not. two, you two, you have to leave behind your recipes. hemmings does this and then he's free on february 5, 179696. what you see rolling through here is a list of all the kitchen utensils that were at monticello and that is written in hemmings hand. that's at the library of congress if you ever want to see it he was literate in english and french. he studied it when he got there. as you mentioned earlier, one of the cofounders of the james having foundation which you can learn more about online, one of the other cofounders is here and i want to give her a shout out. yes, i want to make sure we talk about james because you also talk about this interplay between french cooks and french culinary techniques and african-american cookery in the fusion of virginia and french and research shows that james was may be the only one over time trained in france f

he started with jefferson. the fact that the faces are accurate does not just mean that they are identifiable for us, what it means is that the time of the painting they were accountable. if you signed the declaration of independence, you are signing your death warrant. let us never forget. they all knew it. kind andourage of a pride of the kind, and certainty in the validity of the purpose as one could find. when i was working on the wright , i gots a few years ago enormously interested and had tremendous admiration for milton wright, thether -- father of the brothers. he raised those boys to have purpose in life. you have the purpose of making life better, better for the next generation and the generation after that. we have never been a perfect country, yes we have had flaws. we have always risen to the occasion and done what needed to be done in order to correct that. we did not play on fear and hatred, or any of these other cheap methods of gaining followers that so often come and go different people -- wi

he started off with jefferson in france if you'd ever meet with jefferson. accuratethat they are does not just mean that they are therefore identifiable for us. it means that at the time of the painting they were accountable. if you signed the declaration of independence you are signing your death warrant, let us never forget. it. all knew that is courage and pride of a the of certainty in validity of the purpose is one could find. when i was working on the wright brothers two years ago, i got --rmously interested tremendous admiration for milton wright, the father of the brothers who was a minister. he raised those sons to have purpose and -- and life. that's pretty would find true happiness. he is taking that right out of the tradition of our country. you have the purpose of making life better. better for the next generation and the generation after that it didn't -- we've never been a perfect country, yes we have flaws, yes we have had problems, but we have always risen to the occasion and dumb what is needed to be done to correct that. we did not play on

as well as the university of virginia founded by jefferson in 1819. with help help of our cable comcast cable partners for the next 90 minutes we will learn about the cities history and literary culture from local authors. we begin with a driving tour of the city. >> charlottesville is divided into three parts.

jefferson papers. >> jefferson is the founder of the cuvier and worked many years to develop the system of education in virginia and he said that was his last great project which he did after he left the white house. redesigned the buildings, the curriculum

you have jefferson davis highway. it starts at the potomac river -- do you know it winds its way through various parts of virginia and finally all the went to mississippi and then goes off, for no known reason, to los angeles and goes up to the canadian border north of seattle? i'm not sure what jefferson davis did in northern washington state, but that's where it goes. it is time to on -- un-name it. number one, says he was great and number two, it's as we honor him. he was great. nobody can be head of insurgent government and put it together, too, and not be great. lots of people can be great. you'll have to make any of the odious comparisons -- you do not have to make the odious comparisons that come to mind. the second part is we honor him. we don't honor him from being a good secretary of state or a really good senator. we honor him because he led the confederacy and left the united states because of slavery. that is a problem. so you have to un= name it and put a marker up explaining that it used to be the jeffe

it was a deliberate slap in the face to jefferson davis. and while davis happily appointed lee to the top command, he refused to appoint joe johnston to anything. instead writing that johnston was, in his words, deficient in enterprise, tardy in movement, defective in preparation, and singularly neglectful of the duty of preserving our means of supply and transportation. but then he did it anyway. it was lee who convinced him that if nothing else, the popular johnston, who was very much beloved by the soldiers, might convince some of those that had deserted to return to the colors. johnston's first instinct was to refuse the appointment. he suspected this was another of davis' tricks, putting him back in command just so he would be the one to bear the historical purr burden of making the final surrender. but just as lee talked davis into making the appointment, he convinced johnston to accept it. he said that lee still had confidence in his old friend and west point classmate, which was true. so in that new job, johnston fought only one bat

. >> behind me are statues of presidents of the united states jefferson, madison and monroe. speaking of the fourth president of the united states on madison and his early years were shaped as of president. >> to be the greatest interpreter he give a'' of all of the madison did the most the thing that is frustrating but fascinating of madison incredibly tactful over world history because he was private and 5-foot 4 inches, 100 pounds with anxiety he has not exerted that same gravitational force field jefferson other factors have that is the reason the book plunges deeper into his youth to figure out how o do real understand what motivated him? mattis than was from right here in the heart of virginia half an hour north of charlottesville and he grew up in the house right behind us that has changed over the years. as a very young employee he was raised in a much more primitive development before his father built the brick house. madison came from a privileged family. his father was a planter he grew up with the elite of virginia the oldest of several siblings he had a very dema