so he was martha wales jefferson's half sister. and she may have even resembled jefferson's wife. so in 1784 jefferson took up a post in paris as an essentially trade ambassador. he was trying to forge treaties with the french and other countries so that the new u.s. could survive in the wake of the american revolution. but he had -- he wanted to have his daughters with him. he wanted to have martha and mariah, his youngest daughter. but he also wanted someone, an enslaved woman or girl to accompany mariah on the long passage across the atlantic. and it was the young sally hemmings who ended up accompanying mariah to paris. so sally hemmings came and lived with jefferson and his two daughters in paris and that may have been the beginning of their relationship or however you want to describe it, was in paris. and according to sally hemmings son madison, she became pregnant by jefferson in paris and it was there that she extracted a very important promise from him. and that was if she returned to virginia with him and bore the child, that in the future all of her children would be f

of thomas jefferson i had 53 volumes. there is an amazing amount of scholarship on jefferson i had the benefit of so much scholarship in with live through two generations of historiography but on the one hand and felt i waited until death's door to start the process. [laughter] may be waiting so long i could take that benefit of the scholarship that existed in one of the things i was frustrated about so for jefferson and the hypocrite but not to see much else so will get this person's career. and a very early age elected to the in the legislature of colonial virginia minute age 33 the primary author of the declaration of independence. two years before he rode a summary view of the rights of british americans to write out the logical origin of the revolution then he was the legislature then wrote the laws of virginia then elected governor when the revolution is over he becomes a member of the congress of the articles of confederation to develop the idea but also on the committee to determine what to do of the land west of

jefferson brought monroe along. the fact that they were together so much, you know, i think that wisdom comes from the clash of ideas, maybe not even clashing but these long discussions about constitutions and laws. jefferson and madison were fascinating with explorers. they were fascinated by explorers. if you look at their book list they were delighted to learn about the first guy to go into mermansk and the people who sailed around the world. and that is purely an enlightenment thing. they had not only the vast nom they each had studied they had this whole environment in which it was thought important to explore and explore ideas as well as countries. there's one last thing and i haven't quite got this together yet. but one of your lectures wassed gordon wood? talked about how modest a mansion in the united states was compared to blenem palace, for example. and no relationship. one is tiny and the other is huge. they were -- they were on the periphery of civilization. they weren't at the center. they weren't at l

madison wrote virginia and jefferson wrote kentucky. jefferson was far more forward leaning than madison was. jefferson said that a state had the right to nullify a federal law. now, along the way various people held jefferson back including madison from making such a bold and damaging statement. jefferson got ahold of it and changed it. madison found out. he got it changed back. he just pointed out to him that these words like nullification and succession were not going to be helpful if you wanted a bunch of states to come together and oppose this act. i think madison's patience accounted for a great deal. >> i couldn't agree more. of the two madison was clearly the politician. on the idea of the bill of rights it was charles who initial lir said we should promote madison comes to the rescue. madison comes on board. could you talk a little bit about his leadership role in putting together what would be known as the bill of rights? >> well, he just knew the importance of talking to everyone and making his case convincingly. as you point

thomas jefferson. the real work fell to adams and jefferson.ore experienced city jefferson, you should draft is a document. jefferson declined modestly. i will give you three reasons, said adams. and a you are a virginian virginian should appear at the head of this business, reason second, i am controversial and unpopular. you are very much otherwise. you can write times better than i can. that settled it, young thomas jefferson was elected. shortly his powerful 10 settled to the task. sensitivegine this young man, angry and resentful of the king but wise enough to hold himself in check. he writes, he scratches out, he talks with adams and franklin and talk some more. word by word, thought by thought, there is all the noble, majestic music of the declaration of independence. when in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands that have collected dust connected them with another and it takes off .ike an eagle >> business tremendous statement. we hold this truth to be self-evident, that all men a

he told jefferson, you should draft this document. jefferson declined.ou three reasons . you are a virginian, and a virginian is at the head of this business. reason second, i am controversial and unpopular. you are very much otherwise. reason third, you can write 10 times better than i can. that settled it. young thomas jefferson was elected. shortly, his talent and 10 -- talent and pen settled to the task. we can imagine this sensitive young man, angry, resentful of the king. yet, wise enough to hold himself in check. he writes, he scratches out, he talks with franklin, he talks with adams, and he writes some more. slowly, words by word, odds by, -- thoughts by thoughts, noble words, and it soon becomes a musical words of the declaration of independence. it becomes the political bands that have connect it it with another. it gathers momentum my and eagle taking off a mountain into the vastness of the sky. then, the tremendous statement, "we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with

jefferson declined.give you three reasons said.dams you are a virginian and a virginian is at the head of this business. reason second, i am controversial and unpopular. you are very much otherwise. 10son third, you can write times better than i can. that settled it. young thomas jefferson was elected. his talent settled to the task. we can imagine this sensitive young man, angry, resentful of yet wise enough to hold himself in check. he writes, he scratches out, he talks with franklin, he talks with adams and he writes some more. by,ly, words by word, odds yhe noble -- thoughts b words and itle becomes the political bands that have connect it it with another. it gathers momentum my and eagle taking off a mountain into the vastness of the sky. this tremendous statement, "we ruths to bethrut self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are given unalienable rights. among these rights, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." on july 1 the congress resumed its debate on the resolution of independe

but with books that jefferson shipped him from paris or jefferson was an envoy, he began this reallyntense study. and a relative said with the madisons vashgs madisons, virginia is one big cousinry. but he stepped back from this constant socializing that most virginians participated in. and he started working really hard. a relative who came to see him wrote in his diary that madison came to breakfast at which he ate sparingly and then would go to his room until a little before dinner. so while everyone else was riding horses and playing games, madison was in his room working. now he knew that washington's presence at the convention could make all the difference. washington was so admired, so loved by the american people by this time that if he were there at the convention would have a greater chance of success and if he weren't so he wrote letter after letter urging the general to attend. he also traveled through a snowstorm, a blizzard really to the confederation congress in new york to be sure that congress people were onboard. he worked really hard. he also left for philadelphia

did thomas jefferson put on a uniform?> no. >> but there were some people who did contribute to washington's success out of uniform, and first of all, it was ben franklin in 1778, the alliance with france. how many people believe we would have won the revolutionary war without the french. please raise your hand and then leave the auditorium. okay. most of the people i've talked to, he helped write our constitution. thomas jefferson is such a great contributor to the constitution. where was thomas jefferson during philadelphia's constitution? in paris. what about when it was ratified in the state of virginia? where was he? paris. oh. okay. in fact, in the musical, i don't know if you've seen it yet, but nicole and i saw it a year and a half before it was on broadway, and one of the songs sort of reflects what you see there. thomas jefferson comes back and says ♪ so what did i miss ♪ what did i miss [ laughter ] so then he comes back and found out on the ship back that he was selected as secretary of state while he was away,

the 200th anniversary of jefferson's birthday. president trump is not hiding his frustration with china following iniquities most recent missile tests. the president hoped china would step in to stop the north's nuclear pursuits but that plan is not working and now the trump administration has a warning for china. u.s. trade could be at risk if china's trade with north korea violates u. n. sanctions. >> the united nations security council held an emergency meeting to discuss north korea's successful launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile with the il reach alaska. >> this action is yet another brazen violation of the relevance security council resolutions and constitutes a dangerous escalation of the situation. >> reporter: china and russia brought new sanctions -- blocked new sanctions against north korea. [ speaking foreign language ] >> all must acknowledge that sanctions will not resolve the issue. >> reporter: and they called on the u.s. to withdraw a missile defense system deployed to south korea. but the trump admin

thomas jefferson still has this human, jealous political heart. that always has to be kept in mind because the powers of government are dangerous. >> isn't that the most central one? they understood men are not angels and particularly in power that is when you have problems and when you need the checks and balances you are celebrating in this book, horizontal and vertical constraints on power. jefferson wouldn't have surprised them, his actions wouldn't have surprised them, they are just fulfilling the prophecy of human nature that they predicted in 1785-1787. >> that is right. if there is one common trait or common sin among the founder fathers it would be idol. they loved george washington almost uniformally to the point of revering him. they knew he was likely to be the first president of the united states. it was all but a foregone conclusion. n notwithstanding they wrote article with washington as president in mind and left the power of the presidency relatively weak. in part because they understood this concept madison understands and that i

ever noticed the jefferson memorial isn't really aging well? let's show you a view from the tower camera where you can see the dome is covered with black slime and grime. well coming up on the news at 6:00 the new laser treatment in store to fight aging. wusa9 viewers will be the first to know about it. we'll talk about it coming up in a few minutes. >>> so we all know we need to wash our hands more than we actually do. but there's a message from two parents who lost everything in a way they never expected that might just change your perspective. >> nelson garcia in denver explains why they want everyone to take warnings seriously especially when it comes to germs and washing your hands. >> reporter: in a secret room underneath the stairs, sits a shrine for sire simmons, a 13- month-old boy. who died after his birthday in december. and at the time, his parents -- >> he was there one second and gone the next. >> reporter: andre and faith had no idea why. sire acted like he just had a cold. >> my biggest question is why? like what -- why our son?

jefferson said it perfectly. he said any nation that expects to be ignorant and free expects what never was and never will be. and all of them, each and every one of them, either was an example of the importance of education because he or she had education or because she did it themselves. george washington being a prime example. abigail adams being another prime example of self-educated people. john adams was, many ways, in his childhood and youth, living under the same kind of circumstances as abraham lincoln. he grew up on a farm where they had no money. his mother was illiterate. his father we know could sign his name. maybe could read. was a bible in the house. and that was the only book. and they worked hard every day. from childhood on. and because -- but because he got a scholarship to this little college in cambridge called harvard, as he said, discovered books and read forever, he became the john adams who helped change the world. no question about it. when he was 80 years old, he was embarking on a 16

he had become friendly with thomas jefferson and he left thomas jefferson as the executor of his estate. jefferson ignored what he had put in his will, and would not use the money to free slaves. i don't know how to characterize jefferson, other than that. i don't intend to scandalized anyone who loves jefferson. he was contradictory. he was totally contradictory. he seems to have been very committed to his own pleasures and desires and books and ideas. he was insatiable in his desire for knowledge. he was constantly building. you are reminding me of another story i heard recently in a social gathering. there was someone who went to monticello and visited the house. he climbed up to the top of the dome of the house, and in that dome was sally's bedroom. it was only accessible to jefferson. for me, that is an architectural symbol of some of the contradictions he seems to have harbored at the same time. he took pleasure from the flesh of african-americans, both carnal flesh and -- both carnal pleasure and economic pleasure, but he would not allow that african-americans could have intellig

it is not anywhere close to what thomas jefferson and alexander hamilton said about each other. we haven't had a single incident where a congressman came over to the senate and almost beat to

. >> if you look at the first presidents except the adams with washington being principal and jefferson and madison and monroe. they were slaveholders. and it was the executive branch and for most of the time they did not win the presidential election so was the seveners that held the power and that started to change in the 1850's for a variety of reasons and they felt threatened by bad. >> looking back was there a point that you say we could have prevented the civil war?. >> one of the points with that dread, scott decision if it is non what did he did you do that blacks were never citizens and never could be in the united states federal government had no right to stop slavery from going into any territory so that is one decision at least might have arrested the civil war. but the politicians they didn't realize how angry the electorate was an to especially misjudge that sentiment in the south and when they did realize that it was too late. >> economically the north in the south what were they like?. >> in the '50s the spectacle of the economy that, and the economy fuelling the rise of

the jefferson had been attacking. and that is also something that in today's world we are seeing a bit of. we have a president who lost some cases and -- 20 >> >> almost a shouting match on stationery about the constitution because john adams had authorship of the constitution and was very sensitive to the accusations he had that monarchist type but she seemed to be concerned a federal government of the monarchy could produce some of those externalities' that result from the biggest national government that we at the time were revolting against to declare independence. so she and adams went back and forth they were able to resolve their differences but not without a lot of conflict. >> her big point was the of monarchical tendencies and foreign policy was a big part of that. >> after the constitution was ratified they did put congress that the power to declare war with the armed forces and other things like that with "the federalist papers" are put into the driver's seat and that was done because of concerns like she

jefferson's actions went to surprise them, right? is the processing of human nature that they themselves had predict that in 1785-1787. >> guest: that is exactly right. if there is one trait, one common sin among the founding fathers who attended the constitutional convention, it tv would be idolatry, worshiping us over george washington. they love george washington almost uniformly, to the point of reviewing and. they all knew he was to be the first president of the united states. it was all but a foregonethstan conclusion. yet notwithstanding that they wrote article ii with washington and the first president in mind. they still left the power of the presidency relatively weak in part because they understood this concept that madison next link so well that the government provides a deep insight into human nature. if human beings were angels that have no need of government. if we had access to angels they would govern over us. since we aren't angels, we have to rely on these very strict rules that cabin authorities. >> host: your boo

but, jefferson davis was the last southern senator to leave washington, d.c. he was not a fire eater. in fact, most of the men who would assume the high positions in the new confederate government first at montgomery and then later at richmond, that was their capital threat, most were moderates, men who had a lot of seasoning and experience in national government in one way or the other. they were the ones who are the spokesman for the confederate people in the confederate nation. both at home and abroad. >> host: didn't jefferson davis have any relationship with abraham lincoln? >> guest: jefferson davis -- there has been a lot written about lincoln, and right now i cannot recall if they had ever met, i doubt it. i doubt they had ever met. but, davis' lif vice president, alexander stephens of georgia was on fire either either had a friendship with abraham lincoln when lincoln served as a congressman. that was from 1846 - 1848, they were friends. lincoln wrote a letter to him. alexander stephens wrote a letter to abraham lincoln while lincoln was waiting to co

but jefferson and adams. now i am shamefaced in front of richard. a more difficult question pretty was right the first time. he started at two and pushed it to three. >> but you can explain about the declaration, the word independence is actually not in the document. >> we talked about this earlier, abraham lincoln, no political idea that he ever held did not spring directly from the declaration of independence but you can really hammered down to that one phrase, the american creed that we should all call the american creed that we hold these truths to be self evident that we are endowed by god with certain inalienable rights. among these are life liberty and the pursuit of happiness. that's america right there. >> and you did it just in the neck of time. thank you so much. we appreciate your time. were so glad you joined us for this independence weekend. also you, don't forget to check out our podcast. we have every week. i will tell you what is available on itunes and you can download it right from foxnew foxnews.com/ps podcast. have a great fourt

has jefferson done in history?avid: he's having a little trouble, and he will have more because there is an awful lot about his time and his nature that seems inconsistent and hypocritical, but we should never, ever dismiss someone whose values accounted in the long run because aspects of their way of life are no longer tolerable. brian: why do you think the founding fathers came up with "we are all created equal," and didn't really seem to me to? -- didn't seem to mean it. david: some of them. john adams never owned a slave. brian: but many presidents did have slaves. david: it doesn't gel, it doesn't jive. the pieces of the puzzle don't fit. i think what it was his people were appalled by slavery, and hated slavery, and there were a lot of them. it wasn't just john adams and abigail and their son john quincy. a lot of people who went out to ohio, for example, to settle him -- to settle that territory, they didn't want slavery because they didn't like slavery. they thought it was evil. but i think the original fou

jefferson opposes it and jefferson comes to power in 1800, so does his party the bank of the united states the first bank the charter expires in 1811, but one year later a war erupts with britain. that war is a very expensive war. the national government finds itself in tremendous fiscal straights. after the war is finished five years later the democratic republicans, the party of jefferson, charter a second bank of the united states and this second bank much like the first, also will have a 20-year charter. this charter will run out in 1836 and presumably congress and the president in good faith will renew the charter. so there you have it. and there are bumps along the road, right, after the bank is chartered, you will recall from the last lecture the panic of 1819 explodes. this massive bubble in western land speculation, a bubble caused largely by the bank, by all of this new bank currency, creates a bubble and then the burst. but the country recovers from the panic of 1819, fairly quickly, and so the second bank of the united states survives that panic and goes into the 1820s with ver

jefferson opposes it. jefferson comes to power in 1800. the charter expires in 1811. one year later, a war it rocks with britain. the national government finds itself in tremendous fiscal straits. after the war was finished, five years later, the democratic republicans, the party of jefferson, charter a second bank of the united states. this second bank, much like the first, also would have a 20 year charter. this charter would run out in a 1836. presumably congress and the president a good faith will renew the charter. there were bumps along the road. you will recall from the last lecture the panic of 1819. this massive bubble in western land speculation -- largely caused by the bank at all this new bank currency -- and then the burst. the country recovers from the panic fairly quickly. the second bank of the united states survives that panic and goes into the 1820's with very little opposition. most americans have come to accept the bank, the market revolution is fully underway. it is not just the economy that is changing. it is the political arena that is changing.

charlie: why didn't you write about jefferson or washington?avid: i like to write about people i feel deserve more attention and credit. i like to bring them front and center stage. i like to write about the wives of these people. i like to write about people you've never heard of. because why should they remain in the shadows or in the wings as it were? and the other -- i'm drawn to people who set off -- set out to accomplish something worthy, noble, even, that they knew would be difficult and which turned out to be even more difficult than anyone imagine d and they succeeded. and i have written about washington, charlie. my book "1776" is about washington. but not a full biography, right. charlie: was washington the greatest man of the founding fathers? david: yes. charlie: no question? david: no question. charlie: in every way? david: no, not if you are tabulating i.q. or -- charlie: no, those qualities that made the revolution. look, character, ability, responsibility, spirit. david: all there. and it should be always remembered he was the

the first ballot he cast was for jefferson davis. davis dropped out and he continued to support breckenridge all the way through. go, why retrospect, we did that reconciliation fail? answer is that southerners in praise the lost cause rather than equal rights. that's far too simple. it is true, but it is far too simple. slavery andaving anti-slavery people shaking hands. you thought if we can bring them together, we can have success. more is going on. one is the breakup of the anti-slavery coalition. many became republicans because of the issue of slavery. in the 1864 election, we often talk about reagan being republican. he did not run as a republican. johnson was not a republican. party.n on the union it was an anti-slavery coalition. after the war, many anti-slavery advocates ended up not supporting radical reconstruction. for instance, 1872, greeley, the abolitionist, was running against grant. how do we understand that and get back to bateman? one is to understand liberty. liberty is up there. liberty -- the most famous statemen

jefferson said, any nation that expects to be ignorant and free expects what never was and never can be. and, of course, he said, when, in the course of human events -- and the operative word there is human -- none of these people who have occupied our highest office has ever been perfect. >> rose: remind me, jefferson didn't write books. >> no. >> rose: did he write letters? oh, yes, indeed. >> rose: lots of letters. yes. >> rose: but as many as adams? no. the main thing with jefferson is he destroyed every letter he wrote to his wife or she wrote to him. he would write to friends of theirs and say if you have any correspondence from my wife would you please return it to me because i would like to have it, then destroyed it. >> rose: why did he do that? nobody really knows. >> rose: what do you think? i think he felt his private life must remain private. >> rose: why didn't you write about jefferson and why didn't you write about washington? >> i like to write about people i feel deserve more attention and credit. i like to bring them front and center stage. i like to write about th

who will except for thomas jefferson, but that is my goal. host: the majesty of the words in these documents and brilliance behind the words, not only jefferson but james madison, james monroe, george mason, and others. guest: right. these documents are so powerful and they have held up all these years. in this philosophy, this product we export -- and this democracy, this product we export around the world, everybody looks at america as a model of working democracy. working not think it is , but let's channel our better angels this morning and say this democracy which is a model, i think some that have seen the film already say it gives them goosebumps because it is a reminder of everything good about this country that we all love and celebrate on the fourth of july. instead of going into the for 24 hours least i'm hoping everyone can try to get along and celebrate the thising fathers, remarkable gift they gave us, the constitution we can celebrate. that is the goal here. host: in addition to public figures, one of the participants, actress

we have two probate judges in jefferson county. i was elected in 2002 replace judge.bate i have a law degree. i am a former president of the probate judges association. an alabama, probate judges are the official election -- i've been the chief elections official for 39 major elections as the presiding probate judge. on august 15 of this year, we will have a special election to fill the u.s. senate seat vacated by attorney -- now attorney general jeff sessions. i have certification through the elections center, which is the premier or one of the premier election training organizations in the united states. i am involved in elections, have been involved in elections for 16 and a half years. i bring a wealth of experience level.county so to speak, i have had boots on the ground in every aspect of -- i would consider myself to be an election expert. i am a memberons of it is been my pleasure to meet other of election officials on a national level. i have talked extensively with men and women for the past few years. feel inclined, sinc

he to turn to thomas jefferson. jefferson, a man of enlightened understanding had already proven blacks, by nature and inferior human beings, even to the indians. in jefferson's note on the state of virginia, may the goal of emancipation a fatal enterprise and a direct threat for the well-being of the nation's population -- white population. should the nation and eradicate lavery and admit lack people into white society, it would permanently alter the country's character for the blood of the white. the potential for a race award manifested, and racial intermixture. the inherent incompatibility of white and black would lead to a bloody battle with the strongest party, presumably the whites left to "murder" the weaker. estimation, externally imposed black freedom could never hold up in the face of nature's plan for those of african descent. africans and african american were invalid people, adverse to labor. when emancipated they would starve or plunder. even if a plan of emancipation were enacted to rub the country,

nominate your local hero for a jefferson award online at cbssf.com/hero. we'll be right back.a s> >>> time now for our lunchtime tip of the day. here's fresh grocer tony tantillo. >> reporter: well, today's tip of the day is going to be is with apricots. i did a tip on them before the patterson apricots. these are bigger and they have some great meat to them and texture. but right now, in the market these are my favorites. they are much smaller but they got such a high sugar content to 'em. it is incredible! but selection and storage is very, very important. when you buy them, the more orange they are the better they will be free from any shriveling, and heavy for their size. when you bring them home on the counter. now, these apricots, look at this, see how easy they break apart from the pit? the juice is incredible. they might be the most nutritional of all summer fruits loaded with nutritional value. they are a super food! they are also great on the grill. but when they're this sweet and small, i don't put them on the grill. i break them open in half and i just enjoy them.

the first two-party system in this country which was republicans, not the gop's but jefferson's party up by the french revolution. the first 25 years of this country coincided with the wars of the french revolution. so we are little country on the edge of two superpowers duking it out over ideological reasons. it's affected are discourse and race temperatures. and yet we have the rancor now but i don't see that is the cause. there's nothing out there that should be causing that here. >> you mention federalist and i can't believe were talking about this on television. >> but, one of the dangers presented about faction and partisanship was presented opportunity for hostile foreign powers. we have watched russia exploit faction in the united states and democrats and republicans should've responded as they wish they probably got what they wanted. >> yes the russian meddling is an insight into the weakness of democracy. they've gone and there using social media, fake news, their own website to drive the ideas that inflame passion and disrupt an election. they've done in france, germany and

sharon chin introduces us to this week's jefferson award winner >> reporter: 17-year-old anika kumar and her teenaged volunteers brainstorm what they might talk about. then -- >> hi,. >> reporter: they call senior citizens on the phone from their classroom at notre dame high school in san jose. the program is called forget me not. she started the non-profit two years ago to make sure santa clara county's older adults aren't neglected. >> that can lead to loneliness and depression and increased risks of complications from chronic illnesses and things like that. >> reporter: the program operates during the school year and every week volunteers make sure to call every one of the 40 people currently on the list. >> they have so much to share, so many stories, so much advice and encouragement and, yeah, it's really great, the relationship that you can have with them. >> reporter: to this person it's a gift. >> hello? >> reporter: he is really blind -- he is legally blind and doesn't get out much so a weekly 20- to 30-minute call from forget-me-not lifts his spirits. >> this talk also brin

we have been here a few other times and it is kind of a sin because of thomas jefferson's impact or >> after years of this, there is a laser treatment that would be most effective to remove the slime and the removal will start later this summer and should not access visitors to the memorial. >>> in 1934, it was commissioned and the location of the title basin was chosen in 1937 and construction began in 1938 was dedicated by president franklin roosevelt on april 13, 1943, the 200th anniversary of thomas jefferson's birthday. >>> did you know the pipes that carry your water and sewage could be over 100 years old? the wusa9 special assignment unit investigated the reasons why we suffer dangerous flood from water main breaks and why billions of dollars is not enough to fix the problem. go on a rare tour with us as we look at water pipes and hidden dangers tonight at 11:00 only on wusa9. >>> today is a yellow weather alert day and now, here's wusa9's first alert weather. >>> its own version of flooding. >> it is a lot of rain. we actually needed the rain. it is more than we bargained for

] >> translator: and a very interesting coincidence is that our two national founders, president jefferson and president ho chi minh both passed away on our independence days. [speaking in a foreign language] >> translator: as we meet here today in a nation where women power is valued, i wish to tell you that two millenia ago the vietnamese people struggled for survival and the pursuit of happiness were started by two women leaders. all vietnamese all take pride in the uprising by those sisters. [speaking in a foreign language] >> translator: i believe these core historical values are the solid foundations for our two countries to build a sustained substantive and lasting partnership. [speaking in a foreign language] >> translator: if only a few decades ago the vietnam and the united states were on the opposite front lines of a devastating war, today we have become comprehensive partners, engaged in all rounded cooperation from economic, social and cultural to defense and security. [speaking in a foreign language] >> translator: i would like to take this opportunity to thank the pioneers o

jefferson employed one of the greatest hatchet men in politics. so viciously that he threw him in jail. he lost anyway. jefferson and adams didn't communicate 11 years until a mutual relay friend remindly them of their panel calling the north and south policy of the american revolution a letter from you calls up recollections very dear to my mind, wrote jefferson, carries me back to the times when the threat of difficulties and dangerous we were fellow lobbyers in same cause, they changed 150 letters after that. what allowed them to knock off the crust of hatred was their love for shared set of values. the jefferson and adams reconciliation matched their hopes for the nation. america would be able to survive the bad spells. partisanship and pride and abuse of power because its citizens would keep commitment to freedom, equality and justice and pull the country back on track. a risky experiment is now 241 years old, only because each generation fault keep faith with the foundation that jefferson and adams laid happy 4th of july. i'm john dickerson.

construction on the road began in 1811, although it had been authorized in 1806 by thomas jefferson. it originally ran from cumberland, maryland through virginia, now west virginia, ohio, indiana and illinois. its western terminus was in illinois. the state capital at the time. why was this type of project necessary? >> it was necessary because in the years following the american revolution, there was a major disconnect between the people living along the western frontier and those in the more established cities on the east coast. a lot of politicians and other important people noticed that there was a disconnect, and it worried them greatly. george washington was one of the people really concerned about western settlers who were across the mountains, it was hard to indicate with the people in the east but it was hard to trade with them. they were worried the western settlers were trading with other countries, other people to the west, not bringing the commerce to eastern cities. ais also became potentially political disaster, as well, and it was proved with the whiskey rebellion in

there were more than 65 ceremonies across the country. 76 people took the oath at thomas jefferson's monticello home near charlottesville, virginia. a proud moment for them. by contrast, some young citizens face an uncertain future because their parents are undocumented. a florida woman has made it her job to protect them. here's manuel bojorquez. >> reporter: for norah sandiga, friday night means play time with the kids. >> i love her as one of my children. >> reporter: her children are from so-called mixed-status families. the kids are citizens born in the u.s., but the parents are undocumented immigrants, many facing the threat of deportation. there are hundreds of thousands of them in immigrant communities like homestead, florida, where sandigo has done something remarkable. look at that smile. she's become the legal guardian, not just for this group, but all of these. each of these files represents one child? >> one child. >> reporter: and how much do you have here? >> 1,029. >> reporter: 1,029? >> uh-huh. >> reporter: wow. sandigo spades every day fielding calls for worried par

you mentioned jefferson condemning slavery and the southerners objecting to it but jefferson also noticedre making a great deal of money transporting slaves. there were slaves in every one of the colonies. >> jefferson wrote condemnation of slavery in one of the versions. >> that's right. his draft, which the library has -- the new york public library has, a made it a few days denunciation of slavery. again, how could he denounce slavery that was taken out. i can tell you jefferson was not happy at being edited by the congress, but that in particular was taken out and it is this great contradiction, our nation concedes in liberty is also born in shackles and we still have to balance that out when we look at these great men and what they accomplished. they did risk life, liberty and their fortunes, their sacred honor. they would have been strung up if they had been caught but they were fighting to preserve and protect this crime against humanity. >> i wish i had learned more about women in american history. sally hemmings, we're learning so much more about her in recent years. they just re