it was jefferson, the great and good jefferson." the second contemporary also a congressman said similarly, "american slavery i should be constrained in all honesty and truth to say that mr. jefferson was entitled to the prime force of the anti-slavery movement." lastly, the third contemporary was different. he was not a congressman and not white. his feelings were expressed on a personal letter to jefferson himself. the historian who records this story tells us that the letter was written with the painful care of a hand unaccustom to the pen. that hand belonged to a black man, a former slave. he wrote personally, to jefferson, to tell jefferson about a very important event in his life, namely, that his wife had just presented me with a pair of twin boys. a pair of black twin boys are no common sight. and, sir, as a testimony of my gratitude for those principles of justice and humanity, by use so boldly advocated enabling advanced and out of the very great respect in which i hold you as the friend of freedom and equal rights, the be

thomas jefferson. let me begin with a disclaimer, whenever i have spoken on jefferson i'm reminded of a prominent historian, i once heard who said that he never fully trusted anybody's views on jefferson who had attended the university. well i have to plead guilty on that score, having spent four years in graduate school, at mr. jefferson's academic village. he was quite proud of that institution. specifically directing the words father of the university and the only actually he was one of only three accomplishments that should constitute his epitaph. the other being the father of the declaration of independence. and religious freedoms. the university has historically been very proud of its founder. and treating his memory with such reference, that president howard taft once said, people still talk about mr. jefferson, as though he was in the next room. and he might overhear them. i trust that my association, is at least hopefully confident to assess his career. professionally i've always believed, tha

that was jefferson, the great and good jefferson. the second contemporary, also a congressman, said similarly, i ought to write a history of slavery. i ought to be constrained to say that jefferson deserves credit to look at slavery in this country and he was a prime force of the anti-slavery movement. lastly, the third contemporary was quite different. he was not a congressman, he was not white. and his feelings were expressed not for public consumption but the in a personal letter to jefferson himself. the historian who records this story tells us that the letter was written with the painful care of a hand unaccustomed to the pen. that hand belonged to a black man, a former slave, and he wrote personally to jefferson to tell jefferson about a very important event in his life, namely that his wife had, now quoting from the letter, just presented me with a pair of twin boys. a pair of twin black boys are, sir, i believe no common sight. sir, as a testimony of my gratitude for those principles of justice and humanity by you so boldly

james asks, where do you break thomas jefferson amongst u.s. -- where do you rank thomas jefferson amongst u.s. presidents? was the louisiana purchase consequential enough to put him perhaps in the top 10? james: that is a good question. i think many people tend to put him in a top four or five because they know him and he is a hero and a big figure. in terms of presidential accomplishment, as far as historic events, he is probably not in the top five, arguably maybe not in the top 10. the louisiana purchase is an enormous achievement, doubled the size of the country. removed the threat of a napoleonic invasion. napoleon could easily have shipped his troops into new orleans and move them across the mississippi river. that was a tremendous achievement, and there were others. the second term of his presidency was not particularly successful. in terms of memorable events, it's not all that significant. what is memorable and what is significant, again, going back to what i said in the last slide, is the way that jefferson reversed his tendency towards oligarchy, suppression of speech, limiting

it was jefferson, the great and good jefferson." the second contemporary, also a congressman, said similarly, "if -- "for i to write a history of american slavery, i would say that mr. jefferson was entitled to credit the first anti-slavery --first publicly expressing anti-slavery sentiments of this country, and he was the force of the anti slavery movement." lastly, the third contemporary was quite different. he's not a congressman, and he's not white. and his feelings were expressed not for public consumption, but on a personal level to jefferson himself. the historian that records the story tells us the letter was written with the painful care of a hand unaccustomed to the pen. that hand belong to a black man, a former slave. and he wrote personally to jefferson, to tell jefferson about a very important event in his life, namely his wife, now quoting from the letter -- "had just presented me with a pair of twin boys, a pair of black twin boys. and sir, as a testimony of my gratitude, for those principles of justice and humanity,

next, jefferson in the fur collar. in contrast, this is a portrait of jefferson as president by rembrandt peele. a beautiful painting. simplicity, one of almost a rustic gentleman if you will, as opposed to this regal, imperial figure. , bundledn background up for a cold, oddly heated house. a wolf skin cloak with a fur collar. projecting certainly dignity and authority but not this imposing kind of imperial presidency that he worked very hard to defuse. and i think successfully so. colleen: we have a lot of questions from viewers, so we will start asking those. james asks, where do you rank thomas jefferson among the u.s. presidents? louisiana purchase consequential enough to put him perhaps in the top 10? james: that's a good question. i think many people, particularly laypeople, put him in the top four or five simply because they know him and he is a hero and a big figure. measured in terms of presidential accomplishments, as far as historic events, he is probably not in the top five and arguably not in the top 10.

jefferson eliminated that. no more levees, no more formal parties, anybody who cook -- anybody could come in who wanted to see him without an apartment -- appointment. the madisons restored the levees, but they opened them up to anyone. back in washington's day it was the wealthy elites that were permitted into those functions. under the madisons it was opened to everyone and they took out newspaper ads, encouraging ordinary people to come to the levy and meet the president and the first lady. >> our last question of the evening is a good one. she says, now that you've done jefferson and you've written a book on lincoln, which president is next? >> have written two books on lincoln, and the third one on jefferson. thatworking now on a book fdr is the focal point of the it's about the casablanca conference of 1943 where fdr and church hill and the military high command met in secret at casablanca in the middle of the ward to plan how the rest of the war was going to go. so we are out of the white house and into

it was jefferson, the great. the good jefferson. the second contemporary, also a congressman said similarly, write a history -- to strain in all honesty history to say that mr. jefferson was entitled -- anti -- he was the prime force of the anti slavery movement. lastly, very contemporary was quite different. he was not a congressman, he was not white. and his feelings were expressed non public, but in a personal -- jefferson himself. the historian records the story tells us that the letter was written with a painful care of a hand on a custom -- that hand belong to a black man, a former slave, he wrote personally to jefferson. to tell jefferson about a very important event in his life, namely that his wife had now quoting from the letter, just presented to me a pair of twin boys. a pair of black twin boys, -- and serve as a testimony of my gratitude, for those principles of justice in humanity, that he's so boldly effort kidded, and not a very great respect, which i hold is the -- freedom and rights. the benefactor of mankind. and

and the history of jefferson based on the history of jefferson davis is a complicated one. and why we hear, try to look at all aspects of it. this cell door, is probably one of the most important artifacts from jefferson davis is incarceration here at fort monroe. it was behind this door, that he would look out and realize, that the american civil war was over, and that confederacy was no longer part of the historic narrative of the united states. we've taken you on a tour, all the way through the american civil war, but there's so much more here to see. in the late 20th century it comes at a very important trade graph for the united states military it's here and almost artillery in the united states army where it was trained. this will become a very important defensive position, for the chesapeake bay, showing some of the most modern weapons of our time. and later, foreign role would become a training, and command for the united states army. the rest of the museum talks about, not only the military history that occurred here, but the social aspects here at fort mineral. it

jefferson davis would soon follow. he would only catch up with his family right above the florida state line. it is here where a federal mounted unit was able to capture him and his family. jefferson davis was placed on a boat and moved back to fort monroe and incarcerated in this very cell. some people ask why. the main reason is that jefferson davis was indicted on three federal charges. 1, treason. two, complicit in the assassination of abraham lincoln. three, the mistreatment of federal soldiers in prison by the confederate states army. in order to answer to those charges in federal court, he had to be in the place where his last residency occurred, which would be richmond, the white house of the confederacy. it was here he would stay four months remain informed morale incarcerated for almost two years. he would never see his day in court. he would never be acquitted. he would retire, write his memoirs and live to the age of 80. with the understanding that jefferson davis was charged with three federal indictments,

then he established a newspaper and richmond aligned with thomas jefferson and he went to jefferson orommunicated with jefferson and asked if he could become the postmaster of richmond. it was not an outrageous request, editors were given federal jobs all the time and they were rewarded. jefferson did not like the insistence with which calendar asked him for this reward and he said no. that was not a smart move by jefferson. jefferson would always write beautifully about freedom but did not always practice what he preaches, because we know when it comes to slavery or freedom of the press. calendar immediately switched to a federalist newspaper, and this is after he had done prison time for criticizing the federalists. he jumped to a federalist newspaper and he writes a pamphlet in which he says thomas jefferson is living in sin, or whatever the right word is, with an enslaved woman who he owns and is the half-sister of his late wife. this, of course, is the sally hemmings story that has now been proven through dna. this story was put in circulation by calendar and deeply disruptive of

they didn't always agree, jefferson, jefferson tried to undermine the constitutional ratification. he sent letters out to friends who then showed them on the floor of the virginia assembly where they were undertaking a crucial ratification criticizing the constitution and suggested they not ratify it so that there could be more discussion and may be some changes that should be made. madison, as i state the study is the ball, did not get mad or at least not so that he showed it but jefferson was embarrassed at this time so it took madison a long time to send jefferson a copy of the federalist papers. well i just love it as an example that jefferson we need it. the constitutional ratification was criticized and madison just hold it fast and not lose it his temper. i think that jefferson must've been a very difficult friend. >> yes, definite. >> now, it is 11:30 so why don't you ask me a couple more questions and then we will go to the questionnaire on the or in the chat room. >> well when we married you are a phd in english literature. >> this is true. >> and obviously, you drifted q

let's see, so jefferson. well, jefferson spent his whole life trying to prove he wasn't a coward for having first led richmond and then fled charlottesville. the charlottesville exit was very humorous in a way for us looking back. he basically tried to act like he didn't, he wasn't worried, you know, and it was at his home in charlottesville i believe, and invited legislators to stay the night and give them food and drink. a young man came to warn him that the british were coming. he offered him -- finally people begin leaving and jefferson was certainly one of the last to leave and he tried to do it very casually, but in the end he took his fastest horse and galloped away. >> right, very good. >> i forget, washington. well, monroe's argument with washington, and i think with washington in particular, his argument was that washington didn't appreciate what he had done. monroe was nearly killed at the crossing of the delaware, taken out of action, not given the commission he thought he deserved. and i think al

the answer is it's got to be jefferson. you look puzzled at that. >> i would have thought madison. >> that's different what kind of an experience must it have been to have jefferson talk about his experience or have jefferson talk about his theories in government or talk about anything? according to one woman who talked to him early in his presidency, he was modest which really surprised me. she had no idea that he was the president elect. i think though i do admire madison more. he is steady, stable, very profound finger. the most studious of them all. he had a wonderful wife, dolly who was an unusual person in her time. she doesn't think twice about asserting herself. she was three or 4 inches taller than madison and when they went out to formal occasions, neither of them seemed to care she wore plumes in her -- that were foot taller. there were some women everyone noted how exciting the dress was but there were some women who were distressed if she showed so much and it was the style at the time but one route to another

so jefferson. well, jefferson spent his whole life trying to prove he wasn't a coward for having first fled richmond and then fled charlottesville. the charlottesville exit was very humorous in a way for us looking back so far. he base which i tried to act look -- basically tried to act like he wasn't worried, and went to charlottesville, he was at his home, i believe, and invited legislators to stay the night and plied them with food and drink. a young man came to warn him that the british were coming and he offered him some madera and finally people began living and jefferson was one of the last to leave and tried to do it very casually. but in the end he took his staff, his horse, and gap lopped a. monroe's argument with washington -- i them with washington in particular -- his big argue. was that washington didn't appreciate what he had done . monroe is nearly killed at the crossing of the delaware. taken out of action. not given the commission he thought he deserved. and i think all of those t

jefferson davis the man is a contradiction. jefferson davis in his early life was a graduate of the united states military academy. he served in the frontier with the united states army. he was secretary of war under president peairs, served in the united states congress and also serves the in the united states senate. he and his wife were the host during james buchanan's administration in washington, d.c. when the south left and formed their own government, they invited jefferson davis to become its first and only president. jefferson davis would accept that invitation and become the president of the confederate states of america. we're standing in the cell where jefferson davis was held at the conclusion of the american civil war. in 1865, jefferson davis received word from general robert e. lee, commander of the army of northern virginia, that they no longer could hold the federal army back from attacking the city of richmond. with that news, jefferson davis adjourned his cabinet, sent his family on the road for their protec

adams and jefferson would have another difficult election at that time, this time jefferson winning and he would be the first president inaugurated in the new capitol in washington, d.c. but these are setting the tone for the rest of early history and all the way up to today. >>> so the room itself will start out as a courthouse, so this would be a courtroom. when they're finishing construction is about the time philadelphia offers it to the federal government. i think philadelphia hoped if they were nice they wouldn't go to that new city by the potomac, so they give them the courthouse building and end up expanding it a little bit for congress. we think the setup looks like this. we actually have a seating chart from one session of congress that shows the design of the desks and all. we don't have any of the desks that have survived. we're fortunate we do have some of the chairs today. unfortunately, we only have about 30 of them between the two houses of congress, and most of them we don't know necessarily which house they were in. so today all of our original chairs are in the senate

jefferson owned several hundred. other founders did and by the standards of the age you are if you freed your slaves when you died. jefferson did not do that. he freed a small number on his death and they were his children. [laughter] but back to jefferson's equality. it is not the idea there are no slaves. slavery is not inconsistent with jefferson's equality. that only tells you that people are born equal. they are born equal but do not have to stay that way. people might acquire authority over each other. they might do this legitimately when people form a society by dividing themselves into the governors and governed. the governed have an obligation to obey. or they might do it through force. they might enslave each other. but nothing in the idea of being born equal says that cannot happen. it does not even say it should not happen. that is a separate argument you have to have. jefferson and the declaration reject the idea that some people can say to others, by your birth you are a slave and i am entitled, legitim

city soon arrived in through the thomas jefferson building.ongress building is one of the earliest of the chicago fair inspired buildings constructed in d.c. by theheavily influenced columbian exposition in the theitecture as seen where building similar to the u.s. government building at the chicago fair was designed as an italian's -- and italian renaissance palazzo. extended toion also other aspects of the union of the arts on a grand scale. euroas the use of paintings -- mural paintings. murals have examples of in the government building in chicago and other examples of murals being used at the library of congress. sculpture was also brought in. the columbia fountain in chicago eventually became a smaller version but also a group's culture. the library of congress greatly benefited from all of these artists who were working in d.c. toand soon came to fulfill commissions for the library of congress after they fulfilled their commissions in chicago. artists whothree are the focus of this presentation. gary had a reputation for designing large

adams and jefferson would have another difficult election, this time jefferson winning and he would be the first president inaugurated in the new capitol of washington, d.c. but these years in philadelphia are studying the tone for the rest of our early history all the way up to today. so, the room itself will start out as a courthouse. so, this would have been a courtroom, but around the time this building has finished construction, it is actually being built during the constitutional convention. so when they finished construction is around the time philadelphia offers it to the u.s. government. philadelphia's secret hope is if we are nice to them, they will just stay here and not go to that city along the potomac. so they give them the court building and they actually end up expanding it to make a little more room for congress. we think the setup looks like this. we actually have a seating chart from one session of congress that shows the design of the desks. we do not have any desks that have survived. we are fortunate that we do have some of the chairs today. unfortunately, we only

and of course, burr and jefferson, are being tied. so the constitution goes to the house of representatives. the first to we do in our new capital, it's basically the house of representatives has to elect a new president. and i have to vote more than 30 times before the tie can be broken. so again, now you're saying, we have learned our lesson with these past two elections, let's fix it so that the 12th amendment comes along to strengthen out their way of electing president. but again, you look back to these early days, and they are managing to find out what those -- what works and why doesn't much. and they found out much of what the constitution does. and today we're able to look at a room that is much smaller than the senate today, but the senate there's who sat there, pretty much do the same things as the senators in washington did. weeknights this month we're featuring american history tv programs as a previous what's available every weekend on c-span 3. today's veterans day. we begin with military historian, patrick, o'donnell o

not jefferson's equality. and it's also worth noting that the reconstruction amendments were forced on the south. so we upend the founders' understanding, we totally change the structure of our government. and we do this not really. we say this now, but not really through the ordinary article 5 amendment process, we do this bu bu by dissolving -- return to congress until they ratify these amendments. what happened in the civil war, i like to say is the rebels lost but the revolutionaries won. and what i mean by that is at the beginning i said both sides are really fighting for their understanding of the status quo. the south says we have the right to own slaves and if we think you're going to take that away we can leave the north says you can't leave, we're a union. both sides are fighting for their understanding of the status quo but at some point during the civil war and i'll say more about this later the vision of the union changes. they're not fighting for union anymore, they're fighting for freedom. at th

he will stand on that platform with thomas jefferson. also at the front of the room, outgoing president george washington. now this is a big deal. changing presidents for us today is a fairly normal thing. we have big parades and parties and it's a big thing but this was a really important day because this is where we are proving that the system where we, the voters, elect our leaders and we change them when we vote. we are proven that this system works because the john adams election is a lot of first. the first time we are not going to have george washington as our president. george washington is the only man to be unanimously elected president, which he was twice. he did not particularly run for office. at the end of his first term he did not even want a second term. he was kind of talked into it. essentially kind of almost guys on both sides talk to him in another four years. he does not run. he is unanimously reelected. at the end of the second term, he will try to talk to him into a third but he is not having it. he just wants to r

stand on the platform with thomas jefferson. also at the front of the room, outgoing president, george washington. this is a big deal. changing president today is a fairly normal thing. we have parties. it's a big thing. but this was a really important day because this is where we are proving that the system, where we the voters elect our leaders, and we change them when we vote. we are proving that that system works. because that john adams election is a lot of. first the first time we're not going to have church washington as our president. george washington is the only man to be unanimously elected president which he was twice. you didn't particularly run for office, at the end of his first term he did want to second term. he was talked into it. he had guys on both sides to come into another four years. he doesn't really run. he's unanimously reelected. at the end of the second term people try to talk him into a third but he's not having. it he wants to retire at this point of time. it someone else is turn. so he will step as

jefferson davis would follow. he would soon catch up with his family below the florida state line if is where a federal mountain unit was placed on his family. he moved back up here to ft. monroe and incarcerated in his very cell. some people and why. he was indicted on three federal charges. one for treason. two for come police sit accompl. he had to be in a place where his last residency occurred and that would be in richmond if is here that he will stay for four months and he will remain incarcerated here for almost two years. he would never see his day in court. he would never be acquitted, and he would retire and write his m memoirs. >> many folks in the united states, decided that that was not going to be the best way to heal the nation. to try jefferson davis with the fear that he might be acquitted. might cast a shadow over 3.2 million people going to war and over 750,000 of them losing their lives. at the conclusion of the american civil war, the priority of not only our congress, and the president or the

not consistent with jefferson's, quality. that tells you that people are born equal, they're born equal, but they don't have to stay that way. people might acquire authority over each other. they might do this legitimately, when people form a society they divide themselves from the governor or they might do it through fofs aa way that can be and that's a separate argument that you have to have. so jefferson and the declaration do reject the idea that some people can say to others by your birth you are a slave and i am entitled legitimately to demand your obedience and it doesn't reject the idea that some people can say by your birth you are inferior and it's actually in your best interest to be my slave because i give you christianity. i give you civilization and that was common for justification and it fit pretty well with jefferson's views. jefferson's views were complicated and he did believe that blacks were inferior that, blacks couldn't survive on their own and couldn't be assimilated to american culture and would pose

i will be guided by president jefferson's sense of purpose to stand for principle. law to be reasonable in manner. law and above, all to do great good for the cause of freedom and. hermit's the presidency is more than an honor. it is more than an office. it is a church to keep, it and i will give it my all. but thank you very much, and god bless america. [applause] weeknights this month we're featuring american history tv programs as a preview on c-span 3, tuesday night u.s. senator sam none reflects on the cold war 75 years after it occurred. -- as a democrat from georgia, and as armed services committee chair from 1977 to the 1970 -- he founded the nuclear threat initiative. senator nun talks about his initiative during the crisis, the leadership from harry truman to george h.w.. bush foreign leaders who influenced events during the cold war, as well as the continuing threat of nuclear conflict. watch tuesday at 8 pm eastern, and then enjoy american history tv every weekend on c-span 3. tuesday morning, facebook ceo, merck sector, bergh and twitter's ceo, jack dor

fdr obviously revered jefferson as did jfk.ut i wanted you to touch on the professor's comments about the bigger picture as far as his words and the historic impact of thomas jefferson, the declaration of independence and many other things. he's not like adams, a flawed man in a different way, but adams was the first of the revolutionaries among the four presidents despite his own peculiar flaws. >> as i listen to professor gordon-reed, i felt like the prosecutor who suddenly starts agreeing with the defense attorney. she's absolutely right. i have this ambivalence about jefferson because the words are so great, though. why couldn't he live up to them more? george washington changes. one book i read recently talked about how washington at the end of his life, after the presidency, becomes interested in abolitionism and starts reading a lot of abolition pamphlets. washington, to me, tried to address reality where jefferson seems to constantly be running away from reality. to say one thing but to live a different life, to really

declaration of independence, thomas jefferson basically wrote it. the constitution, there's not that one obvious writer. you're going to have a five-man committee called the committee of detail which name is exactly what it sounds like, the guys in the details of what this government is going to be. three of the five will be on the united states supreme court, one will be our first attorney general, so that's the kind of men you are going to have on there. very much legal minded men. probably the main guy is a man named james wilson from pennsylvania. he's one of the signers of the declaration of independence as well and he will end up on the united states supreme court. more than likely, he came up with the words "we the people" and the beginning of that report -- nothing else that would be recognizable to us today, but he does start out with "we the people." eventually, they get to a point where they work out how they wanted to be so they formed another five-man committee and this is the committee of style. this is where your heavy hitters will be

thomas jefferson was in a committee but he basically wrote it. constitution, there's really not going to be that one obvious writer. you're going to have a five-man committee called the committee of detail which name is exactly what it sounds like. the guys putting in the details of what this government is going to be. three of the five will be on the united states supreme court. one will be our first attorney general. so that's the kind of men that you're going to have on there. the very much legal-minded men. probably the main guy who puts together most of their report is james wilson from pennsylvania. he is one of the signers of the declaration of independence as well and he will end up on the united states supreme court. and more than likely he came one the three words "we the people" at the very beginning of the constitution. that's the beginning of that committee report is "we the people." he does start out with "we the people." as they go through then this committee of detail report, they get to a point where they've purchased worked out

william crowley discusses the life and legacy of president thomas jefferson paying particular attention to his words and actions on issues of slavery and race. this talk is from the university's great lives lecture series at 8:00 p.m. eastern. enjoy american history tv and every weekend on c-span3. >> on lectures in history, university of utah political science professor james curry teaches a class about the creation of the electoral college and explains how it works as part of the presidential election process. professor curry taught the class which took place on october 7th at the university of utah. >> all right. in that case i'm going to share my screen and we'll start talking about the electoral college, fsh's favorite thing. okay. so today we'll talk about the electoral college, what it is, how it works and why most scholars kind of hate the electoral college and it's among the political science set which homely you've had so far and you get a full-throated argument against the electoral college and it is a useful, instructive book because lays out all of the common arguments for

. >> i am at the jefferson building of the library congress, she's in her home, i should disclose we've long-standing relationship between us, we were young staffers under president carter and i have followed her career ever since then with great admiration. this is for seventh book since you left secretary of state. did you ever imagine when he finished secretary of state, the first woman to ever serve as secretary of state, he would write seven books in addition to the other things we want to talk about since you left secretary of state? >> it never occurred to me that i would write this but it is important people who served in office to write their memoirs because it is the basis of people understanding what happened and everyone is a different version of what they thought it it's up to researchers to figure out what really happened. so i had always planned to write a memoir. >> behind you in your home, you have a lot of books so you're obviously a big reader. obviously a writer as well but the most obligatory thing people do when they leave secretary of state is to write memoirs and

college because all the jeffersonians cast two ballots for jefferson and beurre respectively. at that time prior to the 12th amendment no distinguishing which ballot was intended to be president and which was intended to be vice president even though everyone knew burr was jefferson's running mate, we had no winner coming out of the electoral college and the house of representatives had to choose a winner and it took the house 36 votes and several weeks to ultimately beat back federalist attempts to supplant jefferson with burr and jefferson became president and burr became, you know, public enemy number one to all the jeffersonians. 1824, no candidate won majority in the electoral college. you had five candidates on the ballot, each of which had different regional support and nobody prevailed. andrew jackson who won the popular vote with 41%, far short of a majority, but who only had 31% of the electoral college votes lost the election despite having plurality in both counts and henry clay, john quincy adams, pushing him over the top in the house. this was seen as sort of a b

this is one of the reasons, thomas jefferson on this, he also believed once we free the slaves we have to get them to go back to africa or somewhere else because we can't lead them around as jefferson put it, as lincoln put it. white people in this country have done so many wrongs to black people, will never be able to do that, they can't live beside each other and white people having denigrated black people, they can't live with it either. lincoln was thinking okay, i don't want to give up democracy. i want to get rid of slavery. the only thing we can do is free the slaves and cause them all to go back to africa or to the west indies somewhere. this is a nonstarter because most of them didn't want to go. they were more american than many who had immigrated to america, they came to america. >> a number of questions about emancipation and the war but you have to talk about the raid on harpers ferry in 1859, in the run up to the election year, this began earlier than planned after they were camping out and got made in a local farmhouse andrew suspicions so you get a play-by-play, unbelie

tied in -- jefferson and burr tied in the electoral college because all the jeffersonians cast there ballots for jefferson, but because about time, prior to the 12th amendment, there was no distinguishing between which ballot was intended to be president and which was intended to be vice president, even though everyone knew that burr was supposed to be jefferson's running mate. we have the winner coming out of the electoral college in the house of representatives had to choose a winner. it took the house 36 votes and several weeks to ultimately beat back federalist attempts to supplant jefferson with burr and jefferson became president and burr became public enemy number one to all the jeffersonians. in no candidate won the majority 1824 in the electoral college. five candidates were on the ballot and each had different regional support. andrew jackson who won the popular vote with 41%, far short of the majority, but only had 41% of the electoral college votes. lost the election despite having plurality in both counts when henry clay, who came in third, directed his supporters to bac

davis, not jefferson davis who was the president of the confederate states but jefferson c. davis who would go on to fight in the western theater of the war. and captain truman seymour. seymour would go on to lead troops at the battle of lusty later in the war. it's interesting how many of his officers end up having important roles later in the war. this is probably one of the officers under his command there at fort multry who would have a big role later in the war too. captain abner doubleday, captain at the time who would go on to have a big role at gettysburg. he's more famous, though, today. people think he started the game of baseball, which of course is not true. but that's how he was remembered. he's interesting because most of the officers that were under robert anderson were not abolitionists and were not really republicans. but abner doubleday was and he was very outspoken about it and a lot of people in charleston didn't like that. he was singled out in a lot of newspapers for a lot of their vitriol. but he's going to be outspoken in his defense of the union and

even though everybody knew he was supposed to be jefferson's running mate. we have the winner coming out of the electoral college in the house of representatives had to choose a winner. it took the house 36 votes and several weeks to ultimately beat -- andist attempts to jefferson became president. 18 24, no candidate won the majority in the electoral college. five candidates were on the ballot and each had different regional support. andrew jackson who won the popular vote with 41%, far short of the majority, but only had 41% of the electoral college votes. the election despite having plurality in both counts when henry clay, who came in third, directed his supporters to back john quincy adams, pushing him over the top in the house. andrew jackson but he should've been president. fast-forward 12 years to the election of 1836. a number of democratic party electors refused to support richard johnson as martin van buren's vice presidential candidate. they vote for a number of other people and then buren wins a majority in electoral college and richard johnson

after that, the rise of alexanderrer hamilton, thomas jefferson and john adams in "the patriots." and wrapping up our look at some of the best selling books according to newsmax is the sentinel, the latest in the fictional jack reacher series. some of these authors have appeared on booktv, and you can watch their events online at booktv.org. >> during an author talk hosted by the commonwealth club in san francisco, environmental a activist erin brockovich discussed the dangers of climate change with climate one founder greg dalton. here's a portion of their conversation. >> if seeing is believing, i think climate change has been something that's been difficult for people because you can't really see it. you know, we think of climate and it's air and where is it. it reminds me when i was out in hinkley and i was looking at the two-headed frog and the green water, and that visual meant everything to e -- to me. and so i talk about climate change a lot, and i had a picture that was sent to me two days ago at noon. it was dark but yet it was orange. it was a moonscape. if you don't kn

sharon chin shows us the jefferson award winner students. sharon? >> reporter: that's right, allen.ay their decision was literally cut and dry. they set up a weekly barbershop at grace baptist church in san jose. they served the dozens of people who stay at the church shelter or come from a free shower or food. >> hair cutting started as a passion for me. >> reporter: vincent explains the teens have been cutting their family and friend's hair for fun for the past few years. when barbershops closed, the trio put a twist on their hobby. >> i can help give back. >> reporter: the high school seniors established bay cuts, a free traveling barber service. the trio has given away about 50 haircuts to men and women at grace baptist since maye, and eddie says talking with the clients has also snipped away at their own stereo types of the homeless. >> they're just like us. they're just normal people who have had some unfortunate events happen to them. >> reporter: the shelter case manager is inspired by the young barbers. >> i kept telling them, man, i wish i was that mature at your age. >> r

all the jeffersonian's cast two ballots for jefferson and burr respectively. but because at that time, there was no distinguishing between which paul it was intended to be president and vice president imran knew that burn was supposed to be jefferson's running mate. we had no winner coming out of the electoral college now so representatives had to choose a winner and it took the house 36 votes and several weeks to ultimately beat back federal attempts to supplant jefferson with burr and jefferson became president and burn became public enemy number one to all the jeffersonian's. 1824, no candidate won a majority in the electoral college. we have five candidates on the ballot each of them at different regional support and no one prevailed. andrew jackson won the popular vote with 41% short of a majority but only at 31% of the electoral college. lost the election despite having plurality on both counts when henry clay came in third directed his supporters to back john quincy adams pushing him over the top in the house. and seen as a kind of a big problem by andr

you know, they were supposed -- one or two electors vote only for jefferson and not burr, so jefferson would be the burr and burr would be the vice president. so the system snarled, and that led to the separate election of the president and the vice president and the formation of the current ticket system. so you both had the original constitution and then a fundamental change in that in the 12th amendment. host: and the 12th amendment to the constitution rat feud, passed by 1803, ratified by the states in june of 1804, and just looking at it, it is one of the longest amendments you will read. guest: it really is. host: question for you, though, on twitter, professor lichtman. one, if the electoral college is blished, would the coastal states determine all the presidential vote outcomes? and two, would proportional electors rather than winner take all better reflect the popular vote? guest: yeah, number one, that's similar to the question asked before that somehow the smaller states would have no voice, but given our polarization, we've had razor-thin popular vote majorities or plurali

. >>> coming up on kpix5 and streaming on cbsn bay area, the jefferson awards, how a oakland woman isleading a fight on sex trafficking and bringing a message of love. >>> california is a national hot spot for human sex trafficking according to the f.b.i. and one bay area boulevard is especially notorious. >> this year's jefferson award winner is at the forefront of the fight. >> this is where slavery intersects with trafficking today. >> they create a makeshift boulevard over in oakland. they're living a beautiful message on a street known as ground zero fore human sex trafficking. >> all i'm doing is letting you do that i see you, that if you are not forgotten, that you are a special soul. >> it was beautiful, right? >> her home base is regina's store. she opened up the store as a sanctuary in a fight against what she calls modern day slavery. >> i see a 14-year-old black child being sold on the street, it's an unbearable pain. so the best that i know how to deal with it is through the bonds of love. >> in fact, she has been helping the alameda county district attorney appropriates

to their surprise the founding fathers thomas jefferson and george washington james madison who thought slavery would die out in the south the way was dying out in the north doesn't happen. slavery with changes in technology with the cotton industry and the growth of territories ended slavery so john brown became increasingly discouraged with the future the country and slavery. in 1830s when the abolitionist movement blew up in the north john brown was radicalized by the murder of an abolitionist editor who was killed by a mob and john brown thought this is gone too far. people who believe that slavery must and need to stand up. if the proslavery forces are willing to use violence than anti-slavery crowd needs to take up arms as well but that's when john brown devoted himself against slavery. the first one was metaphorical and it quickly it became. >> they were the things converging in the mid-19th century. the change in the economy in the north and the south but also the expanded settlement of the western territories and growing influence of abolition movement at odds with the southern