but jefferson died in 1826. peter was only 11 and all of a sudden his life completely changed families were broken up 130 people were auctioned after jefferson's death. joseph was actually one of the people that were that were freed, but but peter was not he was sold to a master a very cruel master who forbade him to read who whipped him, you know, it was a very is a time of suffering for that for this young man who left monticello. he tried to escape and was caught and brought back. eventually joseph foster joseph fawcett rather with the help of some friends was able to buy his son's freedom and they all the whole family moved to ohio peter fawcett became a reverend. he became a caterer had a successful business. he worked with the underground railroad. and years later it was in 1900. he was 85 at this time. he was invited back to monticello. so by this time, you know, the jeffersons had long since lost the house the levy family a jewish family. that was very inspired by jefferson's commitment to religious free

so jefferson, being a jefferson, you know, the ultimate overachiever, he didn't just give, you know, if you names here and there, you should go here and you know, check this out. instead he wrote a 5000 word letter to these two twentysomething guys. and he even gave it a title, he called it, hints to americans traveling in europe. so, he sketched out this itinerary, and for them to follow and give them a lot of ideas to oh off, of things to do. he also had a lot of insight from his english trip that he could share about things to do over there. and he thought that it was important though that these young men not just go over europe and have a good time, although hopefully would enjoy the trip, it was really about learning. he gave them homework. and jefferson set out what he called it objects of attention that he thought were particularly important for americans to learn about. things like agriculture and landscape gardens and architecture and royal courts. so i have a question for you. here in the crowd, which of these diff you think that attention for an american i mean there are s

i had no idea jefferson owned slaves. these are folks who bought plane tickets, got hotel rooms and came to the site is a pilgrimage to see the home of one of the founding fathers, and get had no idea he was an enslaver. it made it clear to me there are millions of people who do not understand the history of slavery. i think part of what monticello and part of what is out of these places and plantations, madison's plantation, washington's plantation, they are, in different ways, grappling with how to talk about the things these men contributed to the american project. while also not shirking away from the moral responsibility to also talk about the ways these men were inconsistent with the very principles they were espousing. >> let's hear from our viewers. clint smith is our guest, "how the word is passed" is the name of the book. go ahead and make your comment or question. >> i would like to know if you are familiar with the well-established black doctor at tulane university, james puckett carter. he wrote "racketeering

randolph jefferson's grandson. and we learned, of course, that we had ancestors who were enslaved at monticello. my very first experience, i want to tell it happened august 2016. monticello and the getting word project, which is this oral history for descendants, had partnered with the slave dwelling project. excuse me, my notebook keeps falling off to invite descendants back to stay overnight at monticello for an entire weekend. so i was there with other descendants, maybe two or three dozen for the various families, descendant from families who were enslaved at monticello. the granger family, the hemings family, the fossett family's, the hughes family, the gillette family. there were no tourists there. there were no visitors. it was just us and was our first time. we had dinner together, meeting one another, and we we had a fire on mulberry row, which of course, is the main street of jefferson's monticello, as everyone been there, there's this unconscionably beautiful view, south into buckingham county. and you c

i think, to jefferson. and that's something that the nick gordon-reed describes that that this multiracial united states truly was beyond his comprehension and believe when rose as well. now on the flip side of that, i mean, i don't think that he would have truly appreciated there are a few descendants of people enslaved at monticello who work at monticello today. jefferson the history you know that's that idea of madison taking care of him. when did madison didn't do too good of a job of that but but speaking seriously i think that with jefferson in particular there's there is always the hope for future even beyond i think i would venture this even beyond his enormous limitations. i think the is what i've described. i think there's the possibility there certainly for his vision of the united states for it to turn out a little bit differently than his precise idea for how it should look. yeah, that was beautifully said. i think that hope for the future expresses a lot and i think certainly the the founding

in 2017 jefferson davis robert e. lee and i'm watching the statues coming down whati it meant for me growing up in a majority black city. and what were the implications and what did it mean to go down robert e. lee boulevard and to go to the grocery store -- my parents to live on the street today named after a person who had 150 people. it's reflective of the stories that people tell in those narratives that shape the policies and the shape the material on people's lives which isn't to say it erases the racial wealth gap but it helps us understand the ideas and narratives and gives us an understanding, deeper understanding and appreciation for what happened throughout american history in a community that's been disproportionately and intentionally harmedut there out american history. i was thinking about what are the ways i was taught about history and the ways i feel that i realized in new orleans the largest slave market in the country and i've never been taught about it in a way that wasve commensurate to the impac

with jefferson in monticello, we have to remember it jefferson is a thinker. one of the greatest thinkers of mean lightning. but he had serious flaws and how he thought about other people. and believe, me he othered others. he believed in ration inferiority. he believed in white european individuals were the type of top of the human hierarchy. that native americans felt beneath the, and people of african descent filled beneath that. he espouses this not just as personal life but it also notes on the state of virginia when he became one of the early american bestsellers after its publication. he talks about this in the beginning, how -- that's where jefferson describes his belief in the inferiority of people of african descent. so, because we work at monticello, because we have visitors to monticello, we need to describe these serious discrepancies and horrors in jefferson's thinking, because we all have inherited it. if we're talking about a bestseller that went viral in the 19th century, that's popular knowledge. we now live with the legacies of race and raci

and what does it mean we had to go down the boulevard and down jefferson davis parkway. the symbols and names and iconography are reflective of the stories people know. it isn't to say you suddenly erase the racial wealth gap but it's the ideas and narratives thatf help give an understanding of disproportionately and essentially harmed throughout american history so i was looking around and thinking about the ways that i was taught about this history. we kind of went out on an exploration across the country where i travel to different historical sites, monuments, museums, prisons, neighborhoods, cities, cemeteries trying to get a sense of how different places across the country including new orleans, how the different places tell the story of their own relationshipsps and that history. do they acknowledge it honestly, do they run from it, do they do something in between and over the course of four or five years traveling all over the country and across the ocean to find those instances. >> did you think about those monuments and were you aware of them and what they stood

getting rid of slavery and jefferson. i'm going to show you a phrase that jefferson put in his draft constitution and up through the us constitution. yes, they do talk about it and they want they want government to stop it, but that they don't stop, you know, but that they don't free their own enslaved. property people so this is the this is the paradox. this is the incompatible moment. but this also shows what? you know people trying to adhere to these beliefs these ideas and how it's coming up against. this whole sleep holding system and what what individual choices and what collective choices the americans are going to make in this moment. so, you know jefferson's drafts on this constitution are fascinating. he called it new modeling government and this is a phrase right out of the english revolution the puritan army in the english revolution was the new model army, right? so he's like we're starting over jefferson, you know is is a strangely, you know, very interestingly kind of radical person for an elite person. he

getting rid of slavery and jefferson. i'm going to show you a phrase that jefferson put in his draft constitution and up through the us constitution. yes, they do talk about it and they want they want government to stop it, but that they don't stop, you know, but that they don't free their own enslaved. property people so this is the this is the paradox. this is the incompatible moment. but this also shows what? you know people trying to adhere to these beliefs these ideas and how it's coming up against. this whole sleep holding system and what what individual choices and what collective choices the americans are going to make in this moment. so, you know jefferson's drafts on this constitution are fascinating. he called it new modeling government and this is a phrase right out of the english revolution the puritan army in the english revolution was the new model army, right? so he's like we're starting over jefferson, you know is is a strangely, you know, very interestingly kind of radical person for an elite person. he

jefferson, i'm gonna show you a phrase that jefferson put in his draft constitution. up through the u.s. constitution. yes, they do talk about it. they want government to stop it, but, they don't stop, that they don't free their own enslaved property, people. this is the paradox. this is the compatible moment. it also shows why people are trying to adhere to these beliefs and these ideas and how they are coming against the slave holding system. the individual choices and collective choices that americans are going to make in this moment. jefferson's drafts on this constitution are fascinating. he called it a new model in government. this is a phrase out of the english revolution. this was a new model army. he says, we are starting over. jefferson is strangely, interestingly, a radical and elite person. he thought that all positive laws should have a 20-year expiration. every 20 years, all laws should be null and void. one generation does not bind to the next generation. in his constitution for virginia, there was not a governor. it was an executive committee. he strip

and jefferson davis parkway. my middle school was named after a leader of the confederate americans today, symbol, names are justle symbols but reflect e reflected of the stories people tell and narratives you carry in the shape the policies and the material conditions in people's lives. it's not just to say if you take on the statute sometimes is a racial wealth gap but there's the idea and narrative to give an understanding, deeper understanding and appreciation for what has happened and communities have been disproportionally intentionally armed americans in history so looking around thinking one of the ways i was taught about history? i realized new orleans was the busiest market in the country across the mississippi river and i was never taught about in a way that was commensurate with the impact it had on the city in the state and country so went out on an exploration, a journey across thero country i traveledo different historical sites and monuments and memorials and prisons and neighborhoods and cities,

thomas jefferson. and for the purposes of our story today, what we also know is that when madison realizes that we do need this thing called the bill of rights, amended to our constitution, one of the first things he does is travel to gunston hall and consult with mason about how best to accomplish that. mason lives long enough to see the bill of rights amended to the constitution and ultimately dies at gunston hall after a very brief illness in 1792. thomas jefferson was the last person to see last visitor to see him before he passed. and unfortunately, monroe was trying diligently to get there, but could not get there in time. so as we think about what all this means in its global context, there are a couple of key things that i'll just share by way of how i would define the global impact. most particularly of the virginia declaration of rights, and i've kind of got this divided down into a couple of different categories. one, it motivated other declarations. you know what? mason was able to do was c

when thomas jefferson met thomas paine in paris in 1787, he begged him to sit -- [inaudible] jefferson collected portraits of celebrated men, and in 1787 there were few men as celebrated as thomas paine. he wrote "common sense," the 46-page pamphlet that catalyzed the independence movement and overthrew the british monarchies and the colonies. paine agreed to be painted, and jefferson hung the portrait in quite a place, on the walls of monticello, his house in virginia. that was 1787. now fast forward 40 years to 1828. thomas jefferson is dead. his family are selling off his possessions. when the auctioneerens dig out thomas paine's portrait, they find the canvas torn and battered. there are mouse holes through his eyes, stab marks in his chest. as if some children in jefferson's family had been allowed to vandalize it. the fate of thomas paine's painting is, i think -- [inaudible] for his own extraordinary life. the man toasted around the world in the 1790s -- 1770s and 1780s as the hero of the american revolution ended his days as a discredited pariah, unceremoniously cast aside. the

thomas jefferson is dead. and his family are selling off its possessions. when the auctioneers take out tom paine's portrait from the bottom of the box, they find his canvas torn and battered. there are knife holes through tom paine's eyes, there are stab marks in his chest, as if some children in jefferson's family had been allowed to vandalize it. the fate of tom paine's painting is, i think, an apt metaphor for tom paine's own extraordinary life. the man, toasted around the world in the 17 70s and 17 80s as the hero of the american revolution, ended his days as a discredited pariah. unceremoniously cast aside. the ugly fate of that painting in monticello is also our first clue that thomas paine has never sat comfortably in the pantheon of america's founding fathers. a working class immigrant and sometime manual labor, paine sticks out from the rest like a sore thumb. famously, plain smoke it but devilishly smart. paine that was also far more radical and ideological than jefferson or any other leaders of the american revolution. as a radical, he had a lot

and i can do the same with thomas jefferson. thomas jefferson is writing the declaration of independence. he talked about the equality of all men. he too is holding people enslaved, large numbers of people enslaved. it's hypocrisy or what is it? how could they actually hold human beings as property while fighting for their own liberty. i don't think it is possible to separate the man or the woman from their personal actions and what they are doing for the country. >> the declaration of independence signed on this date july 4, 1776 reprinted on the back page of the "new york times" sunday opinion section the words written by thomas jefferson we hold these truths to be self evident all men are created equal certain unalienable rights are life, liberty and the pursuit of happyness, doug brinkley. >> yes, it really is, i read the declaration every fourth of july it's my particular habit. it's really like a press release the declaration of independence. the original one had two names on it, john hancock and charles johnson in that gr

he loved jefferson. he hated adams. and he was going to tell about it. so he published a series of letters a series of insult a series of attacks on the washington administration and adams as vice president and adams as candidate and encouraged everyone to vote republican. this is jeffersonian republican. he also traveled up north to meet with a bunch of jefferson's allies to try and cultivate support for the new emerging jeffersonian and republican party. so the interference from the very beginning was out in the open. it was very clear france was not subtle about this behavior. which brings us to john adams. john adams took office in 1797. he was second president of the united states. he was going to have a terrible time no matter what, because who came after washington was in deep, deep trouble, even at the very end of his presidency, when washing ten was really starting to be criticized a little bit, he was still very he was widely respected. he was adored. even jefferson and madison kind of wanted him to serve a third term because they thought it wo

tyler once had dinner with thomas jefferson not long after he graduated from william and mary. jefferson impressed upon him that a successful politician, particularly an virginia needed to establish himself in the legal profession. in fact a legal career jefferson said to the young man was a virtual prerequisite to a political career. so, much like there's no doubt he would attend william and mary became pretty apparent is going to pursue a legal career. shortly after he graduated his father and another tyler relative took him on his legal apprentice. a little bit later when judge tyler was elected governor of virginia could no longer supervise his son's legal studies, edmund randolph stepped in. randolph had been attorney general under george washington and really presented young tyler with a challenging way to approach the law. tyler passed the bar in 1809 at the age of 19. now this is interesting because in virginia the law at the time they do had to be at least 21 years of age to pass the bar exam. to even sit for the bar exam. but apparently the examiner could not ask tyle

. >> what this week's jefferson award winners >>> a pair of san francisco natives building a sense of community and empowerment in under served san francisco neighborhoods. >> sharon chin introduces us to this week's jefferson award winners. >>> paterson and crawford are helping people become seen and heard in the black community. >> this can definitely be a corridor that can be programmed and activated. >> reporter: paterson and crawford walked the bay view's third street on a mission. going door to door where many shop owners are african american. >> what is your business? >> beauty salon. >> reporter: they let the entrepreneurs know they can apply for government grubt e applications. >> we are going to try to see what grants are out there for you. we are absolutely coming back. >> thank you. >> this is amazing. >> reporter: they've helped several dozen entrepreneurs in san francisco secure nearly a million dollars in grants this year for small business training, rent relief, and other needs. the pair leads the new community leadership foundation in san francisco. jameel cofounded i

i can do the same with thomas jefferson. thomas jefferson is writing the declaration of independence, talking about the equality of all men, but he too is holding people in slaved, large numbers of people, enslaved. is it a hypocrisy or what exactly is it? did they mean what they were saying? how could they actually hold human beings as property while fighting for their own liberty. i don't think that it's possible to separate the man or the woman from their personal actions and what they are doing for the country. >> declaration of independence, sign on this day, july 4th, 1976. reprinted on the back page of the new york times sunday opinions section, the words written by how much our son. we hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happen happiness. doug brinkley? >> it really is. i read the declaration every 4th of july, my particular habit. it was really like a press release, the de

however, george the third got even with jefferson and i am a biographer of john adams. when john visited the king he said it was very complimentary to him. but, at the same time, at the end of these talks he says, i am very glad it was you who was chosen to be the first minister to britain and when thomas jefferson who was then the american minister to france visited george the third turned his back on jefferson. >> i do not think that is true. i can go into this in detail. i think jefferson's memory, 40 years later in his oral biography, it is very incorrect. he makes three or four statements that are factual in that paragraph which can be proved not to be true. i think the heel is remembering the advantages as shakespeare reporter. but, let me go back to the block and you can take a look at it if you disagree. i think once you read it, i really do think that you will appreciate that he was not rude to jefferson, even though jefferson's julie well deserved it after 28 years with the declaration of independence. there is a point about representation. and of course, that

but it is today so you are saying a lot of stadium credit parties typical fundraisers of jefferson and jackson dinner and many of them have moved to change their name feeling associated dinner with slaveowners like jefferson and jackson is not projecting them to be the inclusiveness that they want today. and can we really understand what is likely president, present, this the monday morning quarterback problem and i watched the dolphins on sunday as you all know, there was an interception and acclaim him and i will get really upset that i have no idea what i'm talking about and never played quarterback in nfl and i do not know why he would do that interception is actually the receiver who was in the wrong place in the defense disguised their coverage so the coaches need to be blamed so i really can't blame him for that interception and simile can we really blame the president for any of their failures. we don't know the pressures they were under and how decisions were made and we don't know what information they have the time that they had to ask. so it might be unfair of us to pass ju

presidents have to take loans, like thomas jefferson. it lead to andrew jackson saying that being president that dignified slavery. it is unfair to compare premodern to modern president. the office is different. it is not until teddy roosevelt that the president even leads the country. a related problem is to be judged president by the standards of their time or hours? our morals have changed. we can have normative impression of presidential greatness. that can play a role in how they did things in office. things which may have not been controversial then are going to be controversial. i call this the andrew jackson problem. by many standards into jackson's gonna be a great president. we define a whole h by him. the age of jackson. jacksonian democracy. jackson himself is a symbol. a frontiersman who, by reaching the presidency, and the powerful message of what is capable in this country. his common rhetorical report for regular people changes the tenure of our politics. he democratize -- treating government jobs from personal property t

some of jefferson's accomplishments slavery and jefferson time in france, which is a way introducing the story of sally hemings. monticello has chosen to convey the story without qualification rather than a over which historians. the exhibits at monticello include exhibits the cellars on the enslaved people, the families and individuals who lived there. the purpose of those rooms the reconstructed along mulberry row and exhibits at the base of the mountain on the building of monticello and jefferson. as a scientist and architect. much of this was made possible through a donation by philanthropist rubenstein. overall, at monticello, there are no exhibits dedicated to thomas jefferson as president, as vice secretary of state, and as minister to france. there is not a lot time dedicated to his accomplished. while they are sometimes meant in passing, i would not that that is the dominant focus. at monticello, there is a short video on thomas jefferson and marcelo slavery. unfortunately montpelier is the worst of these three offenders. so it seems that montpelier has adopted a critical ra

he wasn't being rude to jefferson even though jefferson needless to say jolly well deserved it after 28 clauses in the declaration of independence, but can i get your to unto your pay point about taxation without representation? because of course, that is the greatest of the cries of the of the american revolution, however at the time of impact congress the virginian and the south carolinian delegations were ordered by their provinces not to accept representation if it were offered. by the time of the peace offers of the carlisle commission of 1778 where representation was on the cards if the americans wanted it it was of course too late because they've been fighting for three years, but i don't think that you can you can claim the great wrong of no taxation without representation if you're already going to turn down the offer of representation. gentleman in the middle i'm bob benson. this is might be a frivolous quite consider a frivolous. that's good. i was looking forward to what it is. perhaps you could comment on in the play hamilton the characterization of king george and perha

he had no way of knowing that jefferson had died on the very same day. as americans then gathered across the country to honor the 50th anniversary of the declaration of independence, news of adam's and jefferson's passing spread. what had begone as a month of celebration was now one of mourning and commemoration as citizens began to listen to eulogies, speeches, and tributes in churches, government buildings, and in public spaces. and while jefferson and adams had their own opinions on how they should be remembered, it should be up to those living in 1826 and successive generations, even up until now, to define and shape their memory. while presidential sites just like yours are frequently called upon to discuss the legacies of people who have held the highest office in our country, and one way, one very important way, one iconic way, is we all know these men will eventually die. and it's how that death is marked and remembered that becomes very important. our next panel will provide wonderful and different perspectives on this process. one of our paneli