was hamstrung by the start by rule they adopted that republicans and members of the lower south jefferson davis both agreed to any kind of compromise. davis and others refused. this is not enough for them. crittenden's measures are going to fail in congress and january lower south states begin to you leave the union won by one. mississippi on january 9th, florida on january 10th, alabama on january 11th, georgia on january 19th, louisiana on january 26th and texas votes on february 1st to leave the union but their governor, sam houston, was a unionist and so try to prevent it from going forward so they do not actually leave until march. these conventions of a lower south say were more explicit than south carolina. i have given you this to read for today because it's really giving you all the reasons why secession is important to these folks. this is the mississippi ordinance secession. you can see right from this part here, our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery, the greatest material interest of the world. they are not messing around. they are telling you exactly

secretary randolph and jefferson davis, who said mines could be used with military purposes. gabriel raines his argument for land mines proved justified when in november of 1862, the confederate congress gave him $100,000. in 1860 $3 to set up the first ever mine bureau to develop mines. it was there's not a lot known about it because it's called a torpedo bureau. burrows under was called the conscription bureau under the confederate secret service to keep it a secret. port hudson, louisiana, 1863. the longest siege in american history. military history to date, 48 days. the confederate defenders were completely surrounded by union forces. general banks, the confederates ran out of food or running out of food or eating meals and dogs still running out of ammunition. and they repurposed union artillery. four as land mines. and there's a high there's a high unexploded rate in munitions even today. the industry says that 5% of all munitions do not explode when used. but back then was about 30, 40%. so the confederates repurposed union shells here for desperate preska. and at the

statues of jefferson davis, robert e. lee. i was thinking about what it meant i grew up in a majority black city in which they were more homages to the slavers than the slaves. to the grocery store, i had to go to jefferson davis parkway. my parents still live on the street of someone who owned 150 slaves. these are reflected of the stories people tell and has shaped the narratives. those narratives shape policy and policy shapes the material and conditions of people's lives. not to say if you take down the 60 foot statue of robert e. lee you erase the wealth gap, but we recognize the ecosystem of ideas that give us an understanding and appreciation for what has happened throughout american history and the way communities have been disproportionately and intentionally harmed throughout america history. i was looking around portland's and thinking about, what other ways i was taught about his history? i realize new orleans was the busiest and largest slave market in the country at the mouth of the mississippi river. i had never

the arrival of fresh union reinforcements, even though seesaw battle is what i'm saying, and jefferson davis not f davis, davis, arrives with his division and turns the tides. and so, mccullough's half is defeated. as a side note, i just can't resist putting his picture up here as we go through it. these are -- veterans, confederate veterans, and american indians. those are up there. pikes indian brigade did participate in this fight and the warriors did not fight -- in conventional the napoleonic tactics. basically, they came up, fired a volley, and they ran off. however, they returned later, after the fight was over, and retrieved some scouts. boy, you didn't offer laugh for that one, did you? meanwhile, van dorn wrote with prices left-wing, so there's mccullough with the right wing, and price with the left wing. on the morning of march 7th, 1862, the head of van dorn's call them struck the 24th missouri near alcorn tavern. federals russian reinforcements, van dorn is slow to deploy, the federals are allowed to deploy and their own defensive conditions -- but nevertheless, the confederates

no jefferson davis to who is secretary of war for united states at this point in time had a brilliant plan that the west point course of study should be changed from four years to five years. it didn't last very long but pelham was one of the young men who is at west point for five years. it's the typical studies that we read about for west point at this time. while he's at the military academy he becomes very good friends with tom rosser who would be a well named confederate calvary leader as well. when they leave west point they leave together. i promised someone in the room that i would review what john comes first the mayor that what west point was for prince dari his first of merit was venting and not properly aired at its morning inspections in his other demerits were for lacking in the ranks boys conduct in class and relaxed ways one on century duty. some of the other young and rising leaders at west point with him in his class for there the same time includes adelbert ames henry dupont charles e. housley mathis w. henry edmund kirby emory upton alonzo cushing and george custer

jefferson davis, who is secretary of war for the united states, had a brilliant plan, he thought it, was that the west point study should be changed from four years to five years. it didn't last very long, but pelham is one of the young man who is at west point for five years. it's the typical studies that we read about for west point at this time. while he's out the academy, he becomes good friends with tom roster, we will -- who will later be named a confederate leader as well. they were roommates and when they leave west point, they will leave together. i promise someone in the room that i would reveal what john pelham's first a marriage at west point was. his first demerit was for a, quote, bedding not properly aired at morning inspection. and quote. his other early demerit's were for laughing at a rank, boyish conduct in class, and relaxed ways when on sentry duty. some of the other young and rising leaders at west point with him in his class where they're at the same time include albert ames, justin a democrat, henry dupont, charles e. has lit, w. henry, patrick, edmund herbie,

while she was working she was approached by sympathizers who offered her a sum of money to cost jefferson davis on stage she did this but she recorded it to a union marshall . she was fired for doing this which made her a sweetheart to the local confederates and made her a good spy for the union. she gave information to the union until late 1863 when she was found out in order to be hung by confederate general braxton bragg of the union troops the town . no longer any good she even wrote a book. she was given the honorary rank of major president lincoln and her inscription reads union spy. >> memorial day is a day of respect and morning for our veterans who have given their all five presidential proclamation it became a national holiday to beobserved on the last monday of the month of may . originally memorial day was called decoration day during the civil war to recognize the veterans whogave their lives . memorial day and veterans day getconfused because it involves veterans .veterans day is on november 11 is a day to honor our veterans who are still alive while at the same time we pay respec

he said, this is the decision of jefferson davis and rand all of the confederate secretary of war. it would be -- that these are his words not mine. it would be a miscible, land mines will be immiscible, however, to plant shuttles not to ponchos to destroy life and without other design, then in the -- with the few men without materially entering. them what he's saying is land mines can be used with a military purpose. the goal is to take a live with no other object, or instruction of life, explain the word secretary, hands it is inadmissible to shoot sentinels and pickets, because nothing is -- for the destruction of life. randolph plays great emphasis on intended purpose of mines, and the purpose's military. so back to your question on [inaudible] had given rains $100,000 to develop land mines in warfare. so again, most of the world has banned the use of land mines, about 160 countries. but every country in nato has banned it and the, except cuba and the united states. those countries who didn't ban land mines, are the usual suspects. russia, china, india, pakistan, and united sta

pike they eventually are checked by fresh union reinforcement even though the seesaw battle and jefferson davis, c davis arrives with his division and turns the tide for the union. his half is defeated as a side note i cannot resist putting this picture appear as we go through it these are veterans, and american indians that are up there pikes indian brigade did participate in the fight in the war years did not fight well and conventional tactics basically they came up and ran off however, they did return later after the fight was over and retrieved. >> you didn't laugh for that one did you. meanwhile he spoke with the fting there is mccullough with the left and price with the right on the morning of march 7, 1862 van dorn's column struck the 24thissouri near alcorn tavern the federals russian reinforcen van dorn is slow to deploy the federals are lod to deploy in their own positions but nevertheless the confederates hit them on the flanks and they collapse the union line sending them back, samuel curtis the union commander is not done even though van dorn scores a success at the tavern the nex

i mean, no doubt jefferson davis trusts him up until this point. we have a problem again up in northern mississippi. the missourians, who crossed the river, are now under the command of sterling -- the same guy that was at -- van doren's supposed to go up there and unite with, him take over, and they are jointly going to attack the route junction of -- mississippi. remember the battle of shiloh? -- the offensive, which goes up, is in conjunction with robert e. lee's anti-trump campaign and bragged 62 kentucky campaign. so, van dorn is, some would argue, the fourth leg of this offensive which is happening right here. here he goes. the first thing that van doren does is march past car thief. i know that doesn't make sense, but he marches to the northern side, acting like he's going to go through middle tennessee, into western kentucky. he is not doing that. he turns back around and attacks -- from the north. he is slow getting into position and you hear this over and over. on october 3rd, the union army is allowed to consolidate and is awaiting his a

jefferson davis using the same arguments issued letters of marque.confederate privateers that operated during the civil war to caption union merchant vessels. this creates an interesting problem for abraham lincoln they brought the prisoners into new york they were thrown into the tomb's prison and abraham lincoln threatened to hang the confederate privateers men because he viewed them as nothing more than pirates. so jefferson davis said hold on. actually not he wrote aer formal letter. [laughter] if you start hanging then we will hang one / one union soldiers in the prisons. so abraham lincoln never went through with the threat. and the congress of the north passed a resolution to allow abraham lincoln to issue letters of marque. they never went to with it and after a year and a half the confederacy stopped issuing letters of marque —- shenandoah and other readers were doing a much better job of it. so after the privateering there is a small that they underway andbi the bill issued or presented are introduced in congress a couple months ago that wa

the story he tells and as a final report to jefferson davis is about how the army of northern virginial sense of discipline and cohesion. how it straggled, how it failed, how everything that held the army together seem to come apart. the army did not seem to be fighting anymore. he's putting a lot of blame on the behavior of his own soldiers. that is very different from the myth of the lost cause. but general orders number nine that promoters of the loss caused would prefer to not the trial report of leaves. why then did they find northerners like charles francis adams and henry adams appearing to support the lost cause? the adams brothers, the post war turned out to be a very different world than the one they thought they were going to inhabit. was a very different world than any previous adams. this is one of the first families of the united states. they believed as elites they deserve a certain measure of respect. the postwar society with its energetic embrace of expansion, of industrialism, showed no particular inclination to pay respect to great families from the past. and the ada

he wrote about jefferson davis and the rise of slavery. from there he applied to graduate school, but first he wanted to two to germany, and he wanted to go to germany for several reasons. imperial knowledge. has anybody ever seen the movie to cojack? the bald-held guy? show me the facts, and i can attribute it myself. just show me the way, and i'll find it myself. and so duboise very much was -- he spent two years in germany. he wanted to get a doctorate in germany at humboldt university, but the german, his german peers resented him because he was in many ways smarter and protested, and he did not get his doctorate there. at the same time, the when he's in germany he has different feelings. he sees the racism of his fellow students, yet as he walks around, he doesn't experience that racism. it is what he became later on he talked about the doings of things. in germany, of course, as you see he studied economics at wilhelm university, ideas based on of ricardo perry and, of course, of karl marx and the theory of political economy, use of

this is in baltimore, august 10th 1865 to his excellency, jefferson davis. old haas, i heard he was in trouble. can i render you any assistance? if so, let me know. and it is signed, you are still i get you, the devil. at the bottom is the envelope that he came in. it had private, to his excellency, ex president davis. it has hands off at the bottom. so davis was captured in may of 1865. hehen was sent to fortress monroe where he spent the next two years under house arrest. so again, this is someone in baltimore that wrote him a letter in august of that year. and the last thing i have, this is a photograph that was found in a pension. the soldier on the left is john bates. they look like they are 14 or 15 years old. the other is james rudy junior, in massachusetts cavalry. they both transfer to the u. s. may navy within a week of each other. at some point in time, you want to know if anybody had any c experience. they both transfer to the navy. the soldier on the right, holding the bottle, his widow submitted this as proof of the pension. they kept saying he

when lee does sit down to write a document this way, which is his final report to jefferson davis, hetells a very different story. the story he tells in his final report to jefferson davis is about how the army of northern virginia seemed to have lost all sense of discipline and cohesion, how would straggled, how it failed, how everything that held the army together seem to come apart. the army didn't seem to be interested in fighting anymore. he's putting a lot of blame on the behavior of his own soldiers. that's very different from the myth of the lost cause. but it's general orders number nine that promoters of the lost cause would prefer to not that final report of lee's. why then do we find northerners like charles francis adams and henry adams appearing to support the lost cause and endorse it? because for adams, both of the adams brothers the postwar north turned out to be a very different world than the one that they thought they were going to inhabit. it was a very different world than any previous adams, i mean these were adams, one of the first families of the united states

and what does it mean we had to go down the boulevard and down jefferson davis parkway. the symbols and names and iconography are reflective of the stories people know. it isn't to say you suddenly erase the racial wealth gap but it's the ideas and narratives thatf help give an understanding of disproportionately and essentially harmed throughout american history so i was looking around and thinking about the ways that i was taught about this history. we kind of went out on an exploration across the country where i travel to different historical sites, monuments, museums, prisons, neighborhoods, cities, cemeteries trying to get a sense of how different places across the country including new orleans, how the different places tell the story of their own relationshipsps and that history. do they acknowledge it honestly, do they run from it, do they do something in between and over the course of four or five years traveling all over the country and across the ocean to find those instances. >> did you think about those monuments and were you aware of them and what they stood

there was a terrific backlash against thee confederate leadership because jefferson davis at that point was still on the lam. he wouldno not be ever handed until later but a lot of this gets particularly difficult in the callss go up for robert e. lee and especially an indictment for treason entered by the federal district court in norfolk, virginia. it's a norfolk, virginia by the way largely because it's one of the few places in virginia where there actually is a federal court operating at that point. there have been no federal courts operating in most of virginia during the civil war. confederate courts, yes but not federal courts. this indictment comes from the federal court of norfolk. lee along with some 33 or 34 other leaders is indicted by the federal court for treason and the assumption is that this is going to receive some kind of trial. that is course is worth the problems begin to accrue. look back initially just in terms of constitutions definition of treason in which should have gone to a trial. there were some interesting tripwires in the way. one of them was at appomatto

and he wrote about jefferson davis in the south and the rise of slavery. from there, he applied to graduate school. but first he wanted to go to germany. and he wanted to go to germany for several reasons. first because of the way we would learn empirical knowledge. -- facts. has anybody ever seen the movie kodak and he says, just the facts baby. two boys wanted to learn the facts. show me the facts and i will interpret myself. and the quaker say, i don't need the words of the preacher, just show me the way and i will find the battle myself. and so do boys [inaudible] . at humbert university. but his german peers resented him because he was in many way smarter than them. and he protested and he did not get his doctorate. at the same time, when he was in germany he had different feelings. he sees the racism of his fellow student, he had as he walks around in germany see something different. he doesn't experience that racism. it is what he bemeater on he talked about he dualism the things. germany of course, asouee he studied economics. an he studied studied

lee is going to write to jefferson davis on september the 4th, as his army is beginning to cross the potomac river into maryland, i am more fully persuaded of the benefits that will result from an expedition into maryland. i shall proceed to make the movement at once, unless you should signifier disapprobation. should the results of the expedition justify as, i proposed to answer pennsylvania. unless you should deem it unadvisable upon political or other grounds. this is just pro form a stuff. davis absolutely approves this mood. he has already approved! it he is just showing deference. this is smart, on these par. davis did not like people that showed him deference. he is showing davis deference. you are the president. i am following my strategic ideas that we had, we've already discussed these ideas. if the opportunity arose, that is why he knows davis is not going to say no, i don't want you to go into maryland. that is not a good idea. he knows davis will approve it. he wants davis to feel like, this is his idea. he is thimproving official. lee has two choices on ho is going to g

because he viewed them as nothing more than pirates so jefferson davis said hold on eight, he didn't actually sayu that, he wrote a very formal letter . he said you start hanging confederate privateers and they're going to have one for one union soldiers that we have in our prisons . so abraham lincoln never wants to be a hanging threat and the congress of the union passed a resolution that allowed abraham lincoln to issue letters of mark. they never went through with it and after about a year and a half the confederacy issuing letters of mark as it wasn't having much of an impact on the war and confederate raters were doing a much better job so after the american civil war we still have privateering on the hook and although they don't talk about it in the book there is a small debate underway today and there was a bill issued what's the word, presented, introduced in congress a couple of months ago that wanted to revive american privateering and issue letters of mark once again ilprimarily to pirates off the somali coast and terrorist groups and some people even argued we should all

and jefferson davis parkway. my middle school was named after a leader of the confederate americans today, symbol, names are justle symbols but reflect e reflected of the stories people tell and narratives you carry in the shape the policies and the material conditions in people's lives. it's not just to say if you take on the statute sometimes is a racial wealth gap but there's the idea and narrative to give an understanding, deeper understanding and appreciation for what has happened and communities have been disproportionally intentionally armed americans in history so looking around thinking one of the ways i was taught about history? i realized new orleans was the busiest market in the country across the mississippi river and i was never taught about in a way that was commensurate with the impact it had on the city in the state and country so went out on an exploration, a journey across thero country i traveledo different historical sites and monuments and memorials and prisons and neighborhoods and cities,

in 2017 jefferson davis robert e. lee and i'm watching the statues coming down whati it meant for me growing up in a majority black city. and what were the implications and what did it mean to go down robert e. lee boulevard and to go to the grocery store -- my parents to live on the street today named after a person who had 150 people. it's reflective of the stories that people tell in those narratives that shape the policies and the shape the material on people's lives which isn't to say it erases the racial wealth gap but it helps us understand the ideas and narratives and gives us an understanding, deeper understanding and appreciation for what happened throughout american history in a community that's been disproportionately and intentionally harmedut there out american history. i was thinking about what are the ways i was taught about history and the ways i feel that i realized in new orleans the largest slave market in the country and i've never been taught about it in a way that wasve commensurate to the impac

so it jefferson davis that hold on, a bit. he didn't say a very formal letter. start hanging confederate privateering we are going to hang one for one union soldiers that we have in our prisons for its abraham lincoln never went through with hanging threats. and actually the congress of the north of the union passed a resolution that allowed abraham lincoln to issue letters of mark and congress. they never went through at that. after your nap the confederacy stopped issuing letters of market was not having much of an impact on the war. the alabama, shenandoah and other confederate raiders are doing a much better job of it. so, after theer american civil r we still have privateering on the books. although we don't talk about it in the book there is a small debate underway today. there is a bill issuedgo presented, introduced in congress a couple of months ago that wanted to revive american privateering. an issue letters of mark once again to primarily a battle against the pirates off the somali coast. and terrorist groups. some people even argued we should allow

jefferson davis worked under tht confederate states of america and worked under taylor and actually took black hawk down to st. louis after he was captured. in any case, once black hawk was captured, he was taken east and a lightri hearted figure and hue crowds come out and black hawk ana they called it and that was sort of the notion of indians being romanticized and diminished at the same time. that trip of black hawk and cincinnati and washington dc and new york was parallelled with jim thorp after the greatest moment of the career wing the olympic gold medals in 1912 being taken on parades to new york and philadelphia and carlisle. he wasn't a prisoner of war and he was a prisoner of faith and romanticized and apologized. >>host: yeah. path lit by lightning. >>guest: yeah, jim thorp was born in 1887 and the story isth there was a thunderstorm on the night -- and he was a twin. he had a twin brother charlie who's family died at age 9 in one of the boarding schools of a disease but anyway, the night they were born along the north canadian river in oklahoma, there was a thunderstorm. an

black hawk -- >> jefferson davis worked under the president and taylor and took black hawk down to st. louis after being paptured. once -- captured. once black hawk was captured, he was taken east and huge crowds would come out. black hawk indiana and that was the motion of indians being romanticized and diminished at the same time and the parallel of that trip of black hawk owned to cincinnati and pittsburgh and washington dc and -- >> jim thorp was born in may of 1887. the story is that there was a thunderstorm on the night he -- actually he was a twin. that's another thing people don't realize and he had a twin brother charlie that died at age 9 in a boarding school of a disease. the night they were born along the north canadian river in onoklahoma, there was a thunderstorm and jim thorp was given the second fox name which shaven translated as bright path, but i also sought a more analytic translation and that e illuminates everything. >> jim that were like many great native americans at that time of history. at carlisle industrial school. the first day sending to the second fox sc

yeah, august 10th, 1865, to his jefferson davis old hoss. i heard you was in trouble. can i render you any assistance? if so, let me know. and it's signed yours till i get you the devil. and then at the bottom is the envelope that it came in had private to his excellency ex-president davis, wherever the devil he and has hands off at the bottom. so this is so davis was captured in may of 1865. he then sent to fortress monroe, where he spent the next two years under house arrest. and so again, this is someone, you know in baltimore that that wrote him a letter in. and in august of that year. and then the last thing i have is the end. so this is a photograph that was found in a in a pension. so the soldier on the left is john bates. the soldier on the right, they look like they're like 14 or 15 years old. if james rooney, jr, they were both in the fourth massachusetts cavalry and then they both transferred to the u.s. navy within a week of each other. so i think someone went to their unit and wanted to know if anyone had any sea experience. and so they both transferred to