while we're joined now by jeffrey l cummings, a professor of brain science at the university of nevada, las vegas and also i'm a researcher and leader of clinical trials. professor cummings, welcome to d w. i want to start by asking you how big of a breakthrough is this new drug? but thank you, having for having me on the program and let me just say this is big, big, big. we have been waiting since 2003, both in the u. s. and in europe for a new drug, for all timers disease, this is a breakthrough. it's also a breakthrough because as you mentioned in the opening, this is a disease that actually targets the underlying disease process itself. right, well how is it that it took nearly 20 years for us to get to this point? i think there are 3 reasons, really one we haven't really understood the biology very well so we needed to understand it better. we needed that and and we needed the biomarkers to show us that the drugs were working near such an important died to do in clinical trials. as always, those 3 things i think that's added up to make adequate amount of success. all right, we sli