well, last year, after changing hands a few more times, jenny craig filed for bankruptcy. ees were let go and the brand name was sold once more. asjenny craig collapsed, the world of weight loss was being revolutionised. in 2018, the drug ozempic was approved to treat diabetes in europe. three years later, the company that makes it, novo nordisk, gained approval in the united states to sell wegovy. wherever you'rejoining us from, welcome to the programme. now, in 1983, a married couple, jenny and sid craig, opened their first weight—loss centre in melbourne, australia. it grew to be a global company with 700 slimming clubs and a food brand so big that nestle bought it for $600 million. well, last year, after changing hands a few more times, jenny craig filed for bankruptcy. all its employees were let go and the brand name was sold once more. asjenny craig collapsed, the world of weight loss was being revolutionised. in 2018, the drug ozempic was approved to treat diabetes in europe. three years later, the company that makes it, novo nordisk, gained approval in the united st

well, last year, after changing hands a few more times, jenny craig filed for bankruptcy. et go and the brand name was sold once more. asjenny craig collapsed, the world of weight loss was being revolutionised. in 2018, the drug ozempic was approved to treat diabetes in europe. three years later, the company that makes it, novo nordisk, gained approval in the united states to sell wegovy. it's a higher dose of the same ingredient that's in ozempic, but this one would treat obesity. the rush for the drugs was unexpected, as one of the bosses of novo nordisk told the bbc earlier this year. this demand in the market for glp—1, both in diabetes and obesity, hasjust stepped up much more than we ever forecasted. and by the way, much more than anyone forecasted. meanwhile, in the united states, a rival suite of drugs from pharmaceutical giant eli lilly were approved. mounjaro, in 2022, to treat diabetes, and zepbound, in 2023, for obesity. novo nordisk has not been fazed by the competition, though. first and foremost, in this industry, when we talk about obesity, then all the mark

bulge revisited. 80 years on, i'm jeremy collins the senior director of programs at the museum's jenny craig institute for the study of war and democracy and it's going to be my pleasure serve as your master of ceremonies throughout the weekend when we put this program together the theme for the symposium was pretty easy for our conference planning committee as. we are mere weeks away from commemorating the 80th anniversary of the battle of the bulge. we thought that was what this audience would want and need and sort of expect us you guys are a red meat audience audience. but what we wanted to do when putting the program together was challenge ourselves and challenge you all a little bit and. not go through the regular are greatest hits nothing against them. we've heard a lot and talked a lot about bastogne, the 101st airborne and its defensive patton and. his relief or rescue of bastogne so we wanted to try to look at the r ten offensive through a different and i think we've got great slate of speakers and panels and sessions for you today to kick off our symposium on, the battle of the bu

mike bell, the executive director of the jenny craig institute. mike, as i mentioned, his previously has been with us now just over three years. he received his ph.d. in history, american history at the university of maryland. and he himself is an fdr scholar. so we could talk about that, too but let's stick to counterattacking in the north monty and the americans americans. well, thank you, jeremy. and thanks, folks. glad you could join us after lunch and used to teach history at west point after lunch and then knew that was always hard because you're competing with lunch and but and welcome, nigel. you know this will be exciting for those that aren't sure who monty is. you know, he'll build up field marshal montgomery. now, we got a little picture of him there, a cameo, but we're going to dive into this and you know, it knows what i have been talking about this. and it's interesting, the american perspective usually has very little regard for marshal montgomery. i think safe, to say, but also in the same breath doesn't appreciate his achievement

bradley, who is my colleague in the jenny craig institute. he is one of our world war two military history, having gotten his ph.d. from cambridge ej. and he's the author of two books himself as well. hitler's american friends. so, ladies and gentlemen, to discuss and the art, then please join me in welcoming greg fantino and bradley hart. well, thank you very much jeremy, for that very kind introduction. and colonel, thank you so much for being here with us today, too, for this important, i think, really kind of table setting discussion, the conversations we're going to hear throughout the day. you've written that the arden could best be described as not an intelligence failure necessarily, but a command failure. and before we about the events of december in january 1944, i think it's worthwhile about the background of intelligence in the us army, which is something of a circuitous history that a lot of people aren't really familiar. how was army intelligence in december of 1944 and what were the key sources and methods were being used by th

he's the world war two military historian here at the museum's jenny craig institute for the study of war and democracy. received his ph.d. from nebraska. so it's an all big eight panel right now? as a mizzou grad before joining us, in july, sean taught at massachusetts college of liberal arts and at the university of mississippi. so without further ado, i turn it over to dr. scanlon. really? well, thank you very much, jeremy jeremy, for that introduction. and thank you all very much for joining us this evening. jeremy, sort of stole my joke about midwestern midwestern universities, but i think as a as nebraska, i feel well-suited to moderating between our kansas state ph.d., our university of kansas ph.d. i'm going to keep my remarks very brief. i think, as we've seen throughout our earlier programing today, in many ways, the battle, the bulge is seen as very much a ground campaign. our focus has been on 101st airborne, on various infantry divisions, on armored divisions, on the soldiers on the ground. and as our two panelists are going to talk about here today, there's a really impo

bell is the executive director of the national world war two museum's jenny craig institute. he is a career armor officer, retired as colonel, and then continued to serve our nation in various at the pentagon state department and the national security council for another 10 to 12 years. so, ladies, gentlemen, dr. john mcmanus and, dr. mike bell. hey. so thanks. we're going to dive into this period, 16 december to, you know, right before christmas, 1944. and, you know, we've got amazing john mcmanus here with us as we think about this and, you know, most of us are familiar. the band of brothers story, the 101st in bastogne, you know, fourth armored divisions break through and link up. yeah, i was fortunate 40 years ago to be there with charlie boggess to ten days at bastogne. walk the perimeter, see where the hundred and first was. but at each point there's, these glimmers about how did this. who else is out there? who are the other divisions the other 32 divisions that fight in the ends besides the 101st or you know, 31 divisions besides the fourth armored division. and so yo