i give you jerry bernstein. [applause] >> rousing applause. thank you very much. great to be here to talk about one of my favorite talks. jim, thanks for the nice introduction. i've always like to find myself in the company of double speaking one of my favorite economist around town. the story i like to tell is that when he was director of the congressional budget office, he annoyed everyone equally, and that is very important in this town, so i give him a lot of credit. let me start with a set of principles. in fact, i think of my talk to you today in three brief parts -- principles, facts, and fixes. in doubles facts, and fixes. first, on the principles, this is -- these are the set of principles, it is that guide my thinking, and i hope yours as well on social security. retirement security has to be a goal of a civilized society in an advanced economy. in fact, this is the case in every advanced economy. two, a guaranteed pension is essential to meeting that goal. private plans that depend on stock market returns can surely complement a basic guarantee but they