subculture of the underworld in tampa and how it was connected to the mofia in chicago, new york city, and new jersey. tampa was off the radar because it was for a long time a small city, not a big metropolis like new york or boston. you didn't have the flashy gang steers that you had up there, and really these were small pockets. these were, you know, familied and organized crime groups with 20-40 guys. another reason is because the gambling going on at the time was really engrained into the community. it was not seen as being a terrible vice, so i think a combination of those factors, but certainly a guy who was the mofia boss here from the early 1950s through 1987, he was certainly known outside the tampa area, and i think in terms of name recognition, he's one of the more recognizable mobsters in american history. one of the unique things about tampa's organized crime history is the mofia itself is a strictly italian organization and have to be sicilian to get in the mofia, but there were guys in the organized crime that was spanish, white, and cue babe who were influ enissue. it's an mixture tha

>> alvey be from jersey city. >> jimmy: yes. laughter ] >> i'm eric from happy birthday janel. [ laughter ] >> jimmy: that was a shout -- that was a shout out. [ sad tuba ] all right. who's birthday is it? >> janel, my girlfriend. [ audience aws ] >> jimmy: that's so nice, but we're going to edit that out for the live feed. [ laughter ] now, you guys have never met before. is that correct? none of you guys? okay. now, very good. now, while you were backstage we asked you to pick a name for your crew. what did you come up with? >> ocean's phive. [ cheers ] [ laughter ] >> jimmy: excellent. you've clearly been accessorized backstage. let's take a look at your group photo. five with a p-h, very good. ocean's phive. there it is, the photo that will launch you're dancing careers. very nice. now it's time to meet your opponents. welcome, you guys. thank you so much for coming on the show. we'll put in applause later. [ laughter ] welcome, you guys. thanks a lot. [ cheers and applause ] i'm glad to see you came back from the future. th

left to length of one hundred and twenty nine kilometers in blazing sunshine the men in the yellow jersey city for son of begin the final stage knowing he did twenty three second the advantage over his nearest rival the russian had already decent victory in the race last year these turn out he's to miss from there at a douche or helping your team his lead in clean the second straight title he had enough to spare there and even though he didn't win the final stage that owner went to another russian aleksandr to see because the amateur rider has had a spectacular race claiming a photo finish win at the criminal ring stage and surly and underline in his class produced the best as unleashing screen at this adore wearing stage a sit in at the well as the last meters were very tough i was keen to snatch victory right on the finish line just like i did at the friendly ring stage fortunately it didn't come for a full finish this time out actually i was doing my best and polonsky as well but i feel much better on flat circuits like here. pulling the best sprinters it was time to honor the main hero of

we found the lowest, $3.77 in jersey city, new jersey. >> so we found a gas station 8.6 miles away fromtes. >> that would be 40 cents cheaper than we paid in maryland. >> we're almost home. >> turns out all of our tips worked. >> we did about 26 miles to the gallon on the way down and 27.4 miles per gallon on the way back. so we conserved about one mile per gallon driving back using our expert techniques. in the end we saved on lodging, food and gasoline coming up well short of the $125 a day that aaa says the average american spends on vacation. >> that was good, guys. >> it was good. >> over the course of our trip we learned a few things about each other. turns out bianna has a melodious voice. ♪ don't you want me baby >> dan is a natural camper. >> wait. this isn't a tent. >> no one tells a story quite like uncle ron. >> we're not going to use that. >> and, boy, do we crack each other up. >> a lot of laughs. it was fun. >> i'm surprised you saved money, you seemed to be eating the whole time. >> that was edited in to give the impression i was eating all the time. actually it was a ra

and charles read from jersey city, new jersey. a graduating senior at the university of mary washington in fredricks burg, virginia. he is one of the student riders. i asked them why it's important to remember the rides a half century later. >> i had never heard of the freedom riders before attending university of mary washington in which i took a freshman seminar course about the legacy of james farmer. that is is what really drove me to the freedom ride. i think it's so important that we now have this opportunity to give some acknowledgment to such an historic event in american history where we have these courageous people who were inter-generational, inter-racial, and both male and female that were getting on the bus saying that we want to end segregation throughout the south. when it comes to inter-state bus travel. >> woodruff: congressman lewis, not everybody in the civil rights movement then thought the freedom rides were the right thing to do. why did you think they should go ahead? >> growing up in rural alabama, travelin

i am also the former director of newark, new jersey, the largest model city operation in the nation. i do have official background. none of this has been acknowledged by the planning staff, neither in comments nor responsibility. we have provided materials for your perusal regarding how to do implementation and what is needed. you need to look at this. failure to do this is an abrogation of responsibility. thank you very much. supervisor mar: thank you. i'm going to call several more names. [reading names] >> good afternoon, again, supervisors. as i mentioned before, i did sit on the cab. i want to thank the planning department for hundreds and hundreds of pages of the exceptional work. the housing element is not entirely rubbish. in fact, the vast majority of it is fantastic. however, there are a couple of very tiny nicks that were injected very late in the process that i think have become "fight and words -- "fightin' words" for residents on the west side of the city appeared with absolute minor adjustments that would roll back to some language that would have been more prevalent i

as we go into the afternoon areas, it will arrive in new jersey and new york city. right now it's raining lightly in d.c. philly, it's knocking on the door for you during your morning rush hour. i'm sure you'll see raindrops. an umbrella day from areas of new england right down through the mid atlantic. in d.c., i have think most of the rain will be early today. this afternoon it should clear on out. it will be chilly with temperatures in some cases only in the 50s. the middle of the country, you're drying out. a little cool later. we'll warm it up, 79 in dallas, 81 in san antonio. in florida, no problems at all. the northern plains, today we're okay. there's a weak storm system that will slide your way on thursday. tomorrow we'll have a chance of storms in chicago. in general, lynn, we're finally out of this horrific weather pattern where we've seen one big storm after another. no severe weather to come. this is may so this is the peak tornado month. we'll take it. >>> oil prices fall, bp pays for its spills and the website for those who find breaking up is hard to

he was born, actually, in new jersey in hoboken, moved very quickly -- [laughter] moved very quickly to new york city and did become a pharmacist. so i was faced with a real problem there. and as i started my research to find family stories, what i discovered was that there had actually been a real will to commemorate in, among 9th century -- 19th century black new yorkers, that forgetting was not their way of life. they started off, first of all, in commemorations, for example, of important events like the abolition of the slave trade, january 1, 1808, and commemorated it every year after on the same day in ceremonies, in parades. they commemorated the abolition of slavery in the state of new york which was july 4, 1827.

the jersey shore, atlantic city, looking at 81 degrees. cape cod, massachusetts. i lived in upper new england. a slow start to summer there. we have 70 for a high. water temperatures in upper 50s. cold out there off the waters of long island and cape cod but we'll get there. we'll get there. >> the water will feel good there by labor day. >> just in time. >> i like that bath water temperature stuff going on in the gulf coast. i like that. thanks so much, bonnie. >>> you have tried reducing your carbs to lose weight, what about giving up wheat products all together? losing weight clicked for me when i realized that weight watchers online was for guys, too. i'm like, it's not rainbows and lollipops. after i read this beer cheat sheet, i knew what the difference was between a light beer and a dark beer as far as points go. i use the grilling cheat sheet -- you drag it over onto the grill and it gives you a point value. this is a plan for men. i lost 109 pounds. "aww, man, you're on weight wat. that's funny." and i go, "reall? i look a lot bet

. >>> florence italy is putting the brakes on "jersey shore." the cityned crews from banning the cast while drinking. now, it's yanking permits to shoot at the city's most fabled landmarks. the show's producers are putting everything on hold while they try to work things out. i have never seen the show, i can't believe it. 6:54. shar lof money changing hands. >> maybe in videos. we have a couple deals to tell you about. $367 million. meanwhile, linked in prices shares between $32 and $35 as well as this morning as we check wall street. it gives it a $3 billion valuation. markets sort of holding steady. zillow released home prices report showing a second double dip. this is the second negative home price report we have seen in two days. fortune magazine, more people visit apple stores than baseball games. four times as many people. apple stores make more money. $9 billion in sales just in the apple. compared to $7 billion for all of baseball including tickets, tv and baseball. instead of as american as apple pie, as american as plain old apple. >> apple i

the most expensative airport was new jersey, the cheapest, atlantic city's airport. >>> after careful evaluation and more than 20 proposals a company looking for a second home narrowed the list down to six. they are considering to expanding. gaten gate fields also nade maid the list, long with richmond field station. >>> it could be a sleepless night for one student. the white house selected it as one of three finalists for president obama will deliver a commencement address. the school posted this video on its website to promote their candidacy. the school emphasis math and science. >>> this hospital is meant to heal and reduce main but after another working was attacked, staff members say it is failing and they are scared. >>> buying a home in the bay area may get more difficult if a new government proposal is approved. we will tell you about the effects here. >>> from the outside here you can't tell there is any trouble at this hospital in napa. but at least one person says working at a prison would be safer than working here. a new attack just this weekend is prompting a new wave

stella is the managing director of ladys who launch in new york city and new jersey. and jean marx is president of the marx group and small business columnist for "the new york times." great to see you both here. stella, you deal with female entrepreneurs, is there a gender bias when it comes to making money or being a manager? >> i think women do business differently, absolutely. but one of the biggest things i heard diane say is even her guys know how to listen to women. that's what it comes down to is really knowing your consumer, listening to their needs and responding accordingly. and i believe she contributed to that in terms of getting her staff primed to understanding women's needs and how they may approach the shooting range differently than men. >> you know what i love about her, i said it before, but she was a fit-fire. some of the entrepreneurs i have met i have gone in and just love them. she was this kind of woman who you think, wow, i want a little of what you have in there. >> i don't get it sometimes when i see a piece like this in 2011. if you are a

of the underworld in tampa and now it was really connected to the mafia in chicago, new york city, new jersey. tampa was off the radar was tampa was for a very long time a small city. it wasn't a big metropolis like new york or boston. you didn't have the real flashy gangsters that you had up there and really these were small pockets. these were mafia families and organized crime were 20, 30, 40 guys and another reason is because the gambling that was going on at the time was really ingrained into the community. it wasn't really seen as being this terrible vice. so i think a combination of those factors but certainly a guy like santo was certainly known outside the tampa area and i think in terms of name recognition he's probably one of the more recognizable mobsters in the country. some interesting pieces was the mafia itself is a strictly an italian organization. you have to be sicilian to be made into the mafia but there were guys in organized crime that were spanish, that were white, that were cuban. that was very influential and it was an interesting ethnic mixture that you didn't have i

grew up outside new york in new jersey with a little city and grew up with parents who were in the arts. my father is a celloist, now retired. a mother who was an editor. and i went to university of princeton and then graduate school at harvard. and ended up about 14 or 15 years ago here in charlottesville where i've been teaching european history and atlantic history really ever since. >> what's life like at uva? >> it's actually a wonderful place to teach. it's a good place to teach about the 18th century as you might imagine. the students are excellent. it's, you know, as you probably have seen a beautiful place to live. and it's an interesting place insofar it's something -- it occupies a space between a big state public university and a smaller liberal arts school for something like an ivy league school. it is an interesting amalgam of the two, public/private in state, out of state and the quality of life here is enhanced here by there being a number of professional schools, too, especially a law school filled with really interesting people. so i've been very happy being here. >> t

. >>> now to tense moments on a train today, in new jersey, just outside of new york city. 30 people were injured when a commuter train shot past the platform and then slammed into the barrier at the end of the line. officials are blaming mechanical error. possibly involving the brakes. none of the injuries is life threatening. >>> we're going to turn now to the epic flooding in the middle of this country. 4 million people in the path of these floods. the latest forecast showing the flood zone stretching nearly 1,000 miles along the mississippi, from illinois all the way down to louisiana. steve osunsami is in memphis again tonight where the waters are still rising. steve? >> reporter: good evening, david. we are north of the city in a neighborhood that was badly flooded. some of the people who lived here had to be rescued from their homes. we've seen fish and snakes running around. and we're told that this water could still be here by next week. tonight in memphis, in the mississippi river, there are 16 million gallons rushing by every single second. at 47.67 feet, it's already near

jersey. she's wanted for questioning in this investigation. they're not sure, but one city councilwoman said turn yourselves in, save yourself and us some time and turnover in. my opinion is i think they have a good grasp on these individuals. only time will tell now. >> this is an emotional question. a lot of people have been following this story in the bay area. how about in l.a.? the police chief seemed emotional during the press conference? is there a weight that's been lifted off the city? >> reporter: brian stow may have been from the bay area, but the folks here in l.a., the citizens, dodger fans, are equally concerned and care about what's happening to brian stow. chief beck got up and he did choke up. maybe he was choking up because of emotion or maybe something was stuck in his throat, but i'm certain he's deeply satisfied with how far they've come in this investigation. he said that he had 20 detectives working full time trying to find these suspects. they spent 6,000 hours in this investigation. so far 630 leads developed. a lot of people here in l.a. are happy

public safety strategies, working on prisoner reentry in places like newark, new jersey, or imgrant assimilation into our cities and states, the manhattan institute and this center is at the core of the policy directs taking place. i urning -- urge you to visit our website to share it with people and also to visit a new site we put up recently called publicsectorinc.org focusing on the pension reform issue and it's a go-to site for lawmakers all around the country, and hopefully it will be for you as well. as mayors and governors around the country battle, and i use the word "battle" because that's what it's turned into. they talk budget gaps while delivering services. the need for bold leadership is unquestion baling. the honorable rick baker turned this into a hub of vitality and civic pride. as you hear more from stephen goldsmith, you'll know more what he did there, and the book, "seamless city" is on sale, and i encourage you to go look at that. first, it's the center's civic innovation, now a project on the leadership, the honorable stephen goldsmith. if there was anyone who embodied selfless innovative p

its working on issues as diverse as prisoner reentry in places like newark new jersey and the assimilation into the cities and states the manhattan institute is at the core of the policy debate. i urge you to visit our web site, manhattaninstitute dhaka.org, and also to visit a new site that we've put it recently called publicsectorinc.org that focuses on the union issues, pension reform, it is a go to site for lawmakers all around the country and hopefully it will be for you as well. as the mayors and governors across the country battle, and i use the word battle because that is what it's turned into close enormous budget gaps while simultaneously delivering quality services. the need for innovative and bold leadership is unquestionable. as the mayor of st. petersburg the honorable rick baker turned safety into a variable hub of economic vitality and civic pride. as you read the book and hear more from stephen goldsmith, you get to know just what he did there and the book seamless city once again is on sale when you walk in and i encourage you to stop by and look at that. first here to introduce him is t

jersey to here in san francisco. >> kit doe joins us from union city where there is a memorial to the victims from that flight. kit? >> reporter: well, good afternoon. someone has come by and placed a bouquet of daisies, tied with a gold mesh ribbon, on each of the 40 stone marks in union city, one for each of the people on board united flight 93. overnight, mourners have come by and lit candles and placed flowers at the memorial. flight 93 gave us the battle cry, let's roll. and since it was headed from newark, new jersey, to sfo, many people had strong ties to the bay area as well. back on 9/11, the plane was hijacked and headed to washington, d.c. presumably to crash into the white house or the capitol building and the flight revolted and it crashed in an empty field in pennsylvania. we spoke with the husband of lauren grencolas on the plane and three months pregnant at the time, about whether or not he feels justice has been done. >> to some degree. obviously, they took care of the man who ultimately decided that innocent people should die. i know a lot of people say it is a symbolic gesture, because he wa

that's how much money perth amboy, new jersey, has to refund chevron for overpaid property taxes. the problem is, the city doesn't have the cash. so the city council is going to have to borrow to pay up, getting state approval to sell bonds to gin up the $8 million. that's actually a good deal for perth amboy; chevron had originally asked for a $12 million refund and settled for the lower amount. that's "nightly business report" for this tuesday, may 10. i'm susie gharib. good night, everyone. we hope to see all of you again tomorrow night. "nightly business report" is made possible by: this program is made possible by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by wpbt captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> more information about

jersey dozens of people hurt. this train was coming from new york city when it collided with the bumper locked which absorbed the impacted minor injuries. doctors treating a canadian woman stranded in a remote area near the novato border was and days of dying from lack of nutrition. read that is in a liquid diathat. she and her husband got lost on their drive to las vegas, he is still missing. he went to go get help, he is missing she was rescued. yesterday they had to stop this surge yesterday they will resume as long as the weather permits today. >> mark: jury selection for a woman accused of killing her toddler daughter she is charged in the death occurred to year- old daughter cayley who was last seen in june of 2008. 20 people will be packed. a break as a kron 4 morning news continues until 11:00 a.m.. sunshine fall kron 4 morning news continues until 11:00 a.m.. sunshine fall off cathedral all this morning. you've seen the signs. that's why having the right real estate agent is more important than ever. at remax.com, you can find experts in short sales or bank-owned properties or commercial real estate, agents wh

citi can help you write it. [ giggles ] hey! owww! right here! right here! one for me! one for me! >>> the situation and the rest of the "jerseyderci tos and heading over to shoot their show. but the host city has hesitations. >>> the stars of jersey shore have filmed here in england. they're headed off to what you might call their mother land, italy. >> oh they're shameless and becoming world famous. leaving jersey shore for rome and the italian riviera. the tears, the name checks from the president. >> snooki. jay wow. >> while they may be proud to be italian, not all italians are proud of them. even in a country where the prime minister likes to, well, party a little too much, some are arguing that "jersey shore" gives italians a bad name. since they began airing in italy, newspapers slammed the show. and one mayor tried to ban them. still undaunted, the stars are causing a storm in the states and now getting a slice of la dulci vida. now they're getting a slice of pizza. >>> some of us could go with going to the gym and are pale and drink too much tea. some people are being a little rude about them. i. i love to hear you s

jersey to san francisco. kit doe joins us from union city where there is a memorial to victims from that flight. candles have been lit and flowers laid here overnight at this memorial along with the 40 stone markers that represent the people on the plane, united flight 93 on that fateful day. it was headed from sfo headed to sfo but high jacked and started heading to washington dc presumably toward the capital building or white house but the men and women stopped the high jackers from doing that and crashed the plane in the woods in pennsylvania. yesterday we spoke with the husband of lauren who was on the plane and 3 months pregnant at the time we asked if he felt justice had been done. >> to some degree. obviously, they took care of the man who ultimately decided that innocent people should die, i know a lot of people says the symbolic because he was mitigated to what he could do, in the last 10 years, but i know it is also a symbol of hope, that you know, this hate red that caused all this, will diminish. >> reporter: lauren was able to leave a message for jack on the phone he was sleeping wh

he worked in the factory, soap factory in the city of new jersey, paterson, new jersey. he worked there. he was a man very conscious of his health. but the problem was that the environment was such that he contracted cancer when he was 42. he died when he was 43 years old. and his brother, working in the same type of facility, he died when he was 52. my grandfather who worked in the mills died when he was 56 years old, and that was life as i saw it. things were bleak. my mother was a 37-year-old widow, and she had to carry on through my father's sickness and bought a store to try and make ends meet. didn't do very well, but it kept her going for a while. but when all was over, my father died, i was already in the army -- already enlisted in the army, and my mother had no resources left. she owed doctors, owed pharmacists, owed hospitals, every penny she had was gone. and i looked at this experience and i thought there's something not fair here. but i was lucky. i was able to get my education under the g.i. bill, as did eight million other people who wore the american uni

of passengers injured when a commuter train over ran a stop at a whole balkan new jersey, it was coming from new york cityed with a bumper block which absorbs the impact appeared there was no new . there was no derailment. still ahead top stories in a check of wet weather and traffic. a live look at the james lick freeway, everything seems to be ok for the most part. we will be right back. >> justine: double live look outside one is from san francisco, the other one is meant tam tam showing as crystal blue waters. --mt. tam cam-- >> erica: sunny and mild outside right now, as we dig into the afternoon we will see a mixed bag of '60s and '70s but more on this and a second. i want to update you on the hot spot this an alert has been cancellethe sn cancelled. >> justine: trouble in the skies, the plane approaching san francisco and unruly passenger had to be taken down. >> will: they believe it was in an isolated incident, for people helped capture him. the plane was over modesto at the time, they call the head that authorities were waiting for him on the ground once the plane landed at 9:30 p.m. last night

jersey. they fought back and lost their lives in the process, but saved hundreds of others. damian trujillo is live in union city where there is a memorial to heroes of united 93. he had reaction from the mother of one of the passengers. good morning. >> reporter: good morning, laura. the larger stones commemorate the victims of flight 93. this one, in particular. you can see some folks showed up overnight and dropped off candles and flowers. none of the victims on flight 93 was from union city. this is one of the most compelling memorials of the victims of 9/11 anywhere across the country. flight 93 was headed to sfo from new jersey. it reported somewhere over ohio, four hijackers took over and redirected to the east coast. mark bingham made a pact to charge at the hijackers. it's presumed they were going to crash the white house or the capital. the passengers thwarted the plan. there were no survivors. the bravery of the passengers and the patriotism of them who refused to let the terrorists win on 9/11. >> i think he banded together with a few guys, took a vote and made a run to the cockpit. even though they

they were on their way to the airport in new jersey when they found out that the city of florence revoked> meanwhile, let's take a look at the rising flood waters with our sam champion. >> good morning, josh. we're in memphis. and here's the deal. the floodwater will stay in place for awhile. there are brand-new levees and spillways here since the 1937 flood. they've never been tested to the pressure of this height of water and this much rushing water. we'll see if they will hold and work. let's get to the board. we'll talk about your twitter pictures. we have sent you our flooding pictures. you're sending us yours. we have seen a lot of them. vicksburg, mississippi, the water so slow. it will probably take until thursday -- it will take until next thursday to reach its crest. there's big heat in the deep south is kicking up strong thunderstorms on the boarder. chicagoland will get to near the 80s, we think. memphis, near the 90-degree mark for a lot of the week. elsewhere, a nice calm. it's a nice weather pattern. some beautiful weather in the northeast. cool, crisp, gorgeous weather. >>

city. i grew up right outside new york and new jersey in a town called leonie m. and grew up with parents who are in the arts. my father is a cellist, now retired. and i went to the university of princeton in graduate school at harvard and ended up about 14 or 15 years ago here in charlottesville, where he had been teaching european history and atlantic history ever since. >> what is life like i eca clanks >> it's a good place to teach that the team century in particular as you might imagine. the students are excellent. if there's a theme to beautiful place to live and it's an interesting place and so fire it occupies a space between a big state public university in the smaller liberal arts school for something like ivy league schools. it's an interesting amalgam of the two, kind of public private in-state, understated and the quality of life is enhanced by the number professional schools, especially allow school. so i've been very happy being here. >> tenure? >> yes. >> as a tenured professor are you encouraged to write a published book such as transcendent? >> a

york city and long island and capture washington and the continental army had retreated across new jersey to pennsylvania suffering tremendous casualties here in new york american prisoners often held in the halls of boats anchored in the harbor off of brooklyn were suffering unspeakably at the hands of the british because of american independence was in doubt then washington won the battle of trenton capturing nearly one thousand prisoners of war and he had to decide what to do with them he ordered he gave should still speak to us treat them with humanity and let them have no reason to complain of our copying the brutal example of the british army and their treatment of our unfortunate grad run there can be no mercy for those who perpetrated nine eleven and other crimes against humanity but we have to pursue justice and a way that lifts up our values the rule of law and sets an example we can point to with pride not shame and in fact george washington's policies were followed was a result of the hundreds of thousands of british soldiers actually deserted to the american side knowing that

and endurance that this nation has always demonstrated and now today this city and the port authority of new york and new jersey are demonstrating behind you. thank you very much. >> chris, thank you. our speaker of the city council, christine quinn is with us today. >> you've been listening to mayor michael bloomberg speaking with other officials and also speaking with some of the family members of the 9/11 victims. he was quick to say there's no immediate threat to new york city, but obviously just making my with a down here today, you can see all the fems gathered, many in tear, many taking pictures. so this is a very important day for the country, but he is peshl h. speci especially a very important day for new york. much more after a quick break. respect ireless network all across america. we're adding new cell sites... increasing network capacity, and investing billions of dollars to improve your wireless network experience. from a single phone call to the most advanced data download, we're covering more people in more places than ever before in an effort to give you the best network possible. at&t. rethi

he was born, actually, in new jersey in hoboken, moved very quickly -- [laughter] moved very quickly to new york city and did become a pharmacist. so i was faced with a real problem there. and as i started my research to find family stories, what i discovered was that there had actually been a real will to commemorate in, among 9th century -- 19th century black new yorkers, that forgetting was not their way of life. they started off, first of all, in commemorations, for example, of important events like the abolition of the slave trade, january 1, 1808, and commemorated it every year after on the same day in ceremonies, in parades. they commemorated the abolition of slavery in the state of new york which was july 4, 1827. they had newspapers, the colored american freedoms journal, where they wrote about themselves in a desire to commemorate. they tried to erect statues, for example, one to henly highland -- henry highland garnet who i might mention a little later. he's really not central to this talk, but he was an important black leader. they wanted to create a memorial in his honor. um, they manage