jessica justman, professor over at the columbia school of public health. jessica, i want to start off with testing here. availability of testing, and more importantly, do you think we should have put more emphasis on testing over the last couple of months instead of just on vaccinations and boosters? jessica: i think that many of us knew or were predicting that a winter surge was coming. that is because in the winter, that is when we have surges in respiratory illnesses, influenza, and other viral causes of infection. so it is not a surprise. yes, it's disappointing we are not better prepared. yes, we should have taken steps to be in a better position than we are now. but we needed to multitask on this. we needed to do vaccines and boosters and prepare for more testing at the same time. i really would not choose testing over vaccines and boosters, no. taylor: you talked about the winter season, you brought up the flu. earlier i was listening to comments from dr. scott gottlieb , formerly over at the fda, saying this is going to be the pivotal year when covi