i think that has a lot to do with the legacy of jim crow more than slavery. jim crow limited educational, vocational, housing opportunities that were associated with state imposed segregation. trying to keep this conversation focused on monuments, i think your caller made a very important point that these monuments have in some cases become the rallying points for the neo-nazis, neo-confederates. that may well be a reason for taking them down. the tragedy of charlottesville, taking a step back, a young woman was murdered over a statue. if these are then going to be for whiteoints supremacists, i think that changes the balance and suggests they should be taken down. they are not than historical relics of the past that are teaching us lessons, they become rally for sort of, of white supremacists. i think we need to be careful because it is not as though once we take the statues down, those ideas of white supremacy will go away. there may be other places those groups will be rallying, or they may be rallying at the base of the pedestal at the lee monument on con

the pursuit of beauty was one way to strengthen jim crow. it was one way to attack jim crow. a set of rituals and practices that were available to women living in the south. how they used it depended upon who they were and what they wanted it was there in use. the women did use it in this way. >> you're watching book tv on c-span2 in prime time. television for serious readers. tonight, a look back at some of the stops on the c-span city store. >> gettysburg is a place that took place over three days a 90-degree heat. there are thousands of courses on the battlefield. there thousands of corpses on the battlefield they are always riding it so you think about the stench and then you think about a field hospital where limbs are being -- so there's an incredible amount of blood. once you get infections that setting, things like angering, it smells awful. these women had to deal with horrific sights and sounds of things they were not accustomed to.

they are evidence of the dark days of jim crow segregation. i think that is precisely why we should leave them up. when we take them down, it is much easier to forget that there were once people in charge who did not want african-americans to vote, who wanted segregation in housing, schools, education, who celebrated the war to maintain slavery. i think you make an important case for continuing to keep up these tangible and important and significant reminders of the days of jim crow. host: the historian john meacham has an op ed in "the new york times" this morning, talking about statues on what you do for washington and jefferson? he says they were largely creatures of their time and yet each also believed in the transcended significance of the was committed to the journey of a more perfect union. by definition, the confederate hierarchy fail that test. those who took up arms for the confederacy were attempting to stop the american odyssey. what do you think about that argument? guest: of course, i agree with that. i am against taking any of

the pursuit of beauty was one way to strengthen jim crow. how they used the dependent upon who they were and what they t wanted. tonight a look back at some of the stops on the c-span city for tour that took place over two days in 90-degree heat and there were thousands on the battlefield and if there are files in the forces on the battlefield and all our swelling and rocking so you think about the strange people had to deal with and then you think about a field hospital where limbs are being amputated so there's an incredible amount of blood. there is a pretty horse sex now because if you get infections that set and it smells awful. these women had to deal with some pretty

states charged moscow with -- this created jim crow. if you want to survive the consequences we know a's, particularly in light of these rather unfortunate elections that took place this past tuesday, we have to pay attention to the internal context within the four corners of the united states of america, but also what is going on in the world and how we can gain leverage in international community in order to pressure u.s. authorities. i should mention one factoid, in surveying the press on wednesday after the elections, what caught my eye was that the appearance brown, the slain teenager in ferguson, missouri, left in the streets like a dog after being shot down brutally and callously by the police authority -- that the parents of michael brown were on their way to geneva to raise up the question of lee's killings with the united nations -- question of police killings with the united nations. [applause] prof. horne: i am from st. louis, i don't know who is briefing the parents, but they have a very good briefer. it was a wise move con

they write in the introduction to my book "the new jim crow" what has changed since the collapse of jim crowe has less to do the with the basic structure of our society than the language we use to justify it, then the error of colorblindness that's no longer socially permissible to use faith explicitly as a justification for discrimination, exclusion and social contempt. so we don't. rather than rely on race we use our criminal justice system to label people of color criminals and then engages all the practices that we supposedly left behind. today it is perfectly legal to discriminate against criminals and nearly all the ways which was once legal to discriminate against african-americans. went to her label the fell in the old form of discrimination employment discrimination housing discrimination, denial of the right to vote exclusion from jury service is suddenly legal. the criminal you have scarcely more rights and arguably less respect than a black man living in alabama at the height of jim crow. we have not ended racial caste in america, we have merely redesigned them. now for thos

somewhere so that we can preserve as much of the memory that there was during the dark years of jim crow segregation that people throughout the statues tocted confederate war heroes. host: what is the best way to conceptualize -- contextualize them if they do stay up? guest: there are a couple of things we can do, there was in maryland -- in the early 20 century, a statue to the confederate soldiers. opposite on the courthouse lawn is a statue of frederick douglass, the great abolitionist from talbot county. i think that is exactly what we want to do, create a dialogue, have people going there and saying, douglas and the monuments to the soldiers are in a dialogue. that is perfect, brilliant idea. i think it is counter monuments right behind the jefferson davis monument on monument avenue, that is a counter monument, the word love. i think these kind of counter monuments invite discussion. obviously there needs to be text associated with the monuments, the jefferson davis monuments in -- on monument avenue in richmond, virginia i think literally makes no reference to slavery. it talks ab

let's move past jim crow. the civil rights act that you can no longer have these jim crow laws throughout the country where you separate and segregate people based on their ethnicity, but we didn't stop there. no, cities were burned down across the country and then we come up out of that time, after five years with the doctor king stuff we had planned parenthood targeting black children, we have an expansion of the welfare state. you are doctor king wanted repentance and revival. this new generation, the hate on the left, they want redistribution and revenge and this is something we must address. hate on the left is not so. simple that you just want to get along. it is deliberately toward one people group and one people group alone in this country, christians. this is problematic. that said, we battle in the voting booth. we battle so if we want change we should do what they did in charlottesville, go into the city council and vote and the people should say they decided if we don't like this decision maybe we

one of the books he mentioned the new jim crow that came out in 2010 and it was a big best seller at the time.aking abt it we covered her speaking about it and here she is. [applause] thank you so much for that warm welcome. her ite feels wonderful to be here.y i am thrilled to see so many people eager to join in the dialogue about where we as aatid nation find ourselves in this ve drive towards freedom and itfreo seemsm. particularly fitting that we would have this conversationd today, the day after the nation paused its daily business to pae tribute to reverend martinr.'s f luther king jr.'s life ande andt legacy, weand it seems fitting that we would have this conversation today after our nation's first black president was sworn in for his second term. now i know much of the nation has already moved on andnd president obama's soaring oftoric about the promisering america, life, liberty, justice, a qualityyand equality for all y been forgotten by many, and i know that many people in america will not think of doctor king again until his holiday rolls around again next year, i would l

this was the opportunity for let's movesay ok, past slavery and jim crow. the civil rights act, that you can no longer have these jim crow laws throughout the country where you separate and segregate people based on their ethnicity. but we did not stop there. cities burn down across the country and then we come up out of that after five years within death, we had roe v. wade as national law with planned parenthood deliberately targeting black children, dr. king wanted repentance and revival. the new generation you are talking about, the hate on the left, they want redistribution and revenge. this is something we must a dress. the hate on the left is not soap -- pure and simple that they just want to get along. no. it is deliberately toward one group alone in the country, christians. this is problematic. we battle in the voting growth. if we want change, we should do what they did in charlottesville, and the people should say, they decided if we don't like the decision, maybe we should run for city council, or we push a case to the supreme court and once the

the pursuit of beauty was one way to strengthen jim crow. it was one way to attack jim crow. a set of rituals and practices that were available to women living in the south. how they used it depended upon who they were and what they wanted it was there in use. the women did use it in this way. >> you're watching book tv on c-span2 in prime time. television for serious readers. tonight, a look back at some of the stops on the c-span city store. >> gettysburg is a place that took place over three days a 90-degree heat. there are thousands of courses on the battlefield. there thousands of corpses on the battlefield they are always riding it so you think about the stench and then you think about a field hospital where limbs are being -- so there's an incredible amount of blood. once you get infections that setting, things like angering, it smells awful. these women had to deal with horrific sights and sounds of things they were not accustomed to. but they had to deal with the fact that men did not want them there. the name of the book is worth a dozen men early in the war, the co

but now you have the threat of overturning jim-crow hierarchy.nd said you need to be quiet and she said i am not. they sued her for libel and found guilty the supreme court overturned a issue wrote in an editorial that i am also our southern traditions but not at the cost of truth. from that point john when there was violence or bombings of jewish synagogues she wrote editorials in the will and later sells said she is losing money and takes and was publishing secretly publications for others in by 1961 ready editorials that says jim crow has to go because she saw her struggle for her civil liberties freedom of speech evolving over time as part of the greater struggle because if you cannot speak about it and what i should write in my editorial this is the not united states so does it just kept going off the cliff with ridiculous extremes and they said this has got to stop it cannot do this anymore so found herself by the '60s out of the mainstream and did not think it would be that big bet the white council citizens paper said it was the apocalyps

of jim crow." for folks who haven't given this as much thought and for folks in the north who think of this as the past, what do you mean about the ghosts of jim crow? >> we've had a long history, of course, in this country, ari, of race discrimination and slavery, segregation, and it was a mentality, a way of thinking, a way of looking at non-white as less than white. a way of separating out and discriminating against them. treating them differently. and that mentality continues today with some americans. we've certainly made a lot of progress, but if you look at things that are happening today, there's a lot of similarities in terms of the way that people are thinking. in terms of our divided schools, in terms of our divided neighborhood. and so, those are ghosts of jim crow that we're seeing. and of course, we saw them this weekend. >> donna, take a listen to what gilany cobb called for actually on this broadcast last night. >> we had thought we had reached a point where these sentiments were un

racists and jim crow and some that is going on for years. yes it's a country of immigration but for a long time it has been a country for black and white and maybe a few asians. now that there is an influx of different people coming here, we need to have an understanding. that theirhinks races important. everyone needs to realize that we are all important and we are all americans and we are not a divided country. do otherthing else to theirry to impede ignorance about other people. no one wants to hear it. host: let me ask you, you said you changed your mind. why do you think so? caller: i talked to other people. they said it is part of the history. i think they should probably suggestedme people they should move to a museum or something. i think something like that is a good thing. i don't think they should destroy them. probably be should where people can get a clear understanding of the history. at that place they will lay out what it is really about. that now, it is something you don't want to see it and be reminded. we are not going to

strength. >> detractors see them as nothing more than symbols of ideology and white supremacy and jim crow. richard: a great divide many years later, now in the 21st century. >> if you start taking them down, where can you stop? >> maybe it can be replaced with something more inspirational. richard: the statues, the center of a contested debate, history or hate. >> there's more good in this country then there is bad, to identify the good, not repeat the bad. the pike statue. the national park service will be the decider is on the issue. richard reeve, abc seven news. located one 7 monuments, crews removing before sunrise in baltimore. they have taken down a few, and they have covered them in tarps on a city-owned lot east of the city. it's not clear what the future holds for these memorials. allison: let's get to some breaking news we are following at dulles airport where police are looking into a suspicious vehicle. it's on the road leading out of the airport, so there is now a permit or set up around the car, and police are checking it out -- perimeter set up around the card, and the pol

affirmative action legal, it applies a test that is -- the test that you would apply to whether jim crow is legal. so the same standard we apply to determine whether from that constitutional is same standard interestingly that we apply to deciding whether jim crow a little odd quite apart from what your view is about affirmative action you might say those are two very different ways of thinking about race. but it's in that context with any rate that diversity rational comes into being and first articulation being for largely on fifth amendment so the freedom institution of hired earning have to structure economic mission of the but then it's broadened to think about questions like institution culture to what extent does it matter? to have meaningful representations of underrepresentative groups in order to have a diverse environment so that people don't feel stigmatized marginalized stereotypes so this is a slightly more robust conception of diversity and the national articulation again focused largely on first amendment values. the case 1970s med school white guy wanted to go to med sch

the ferguson case give rise to the jim crow laws or would they have happened anyway? >> that's a very hard question but it's probably after the compromise of 1876 when the republican party exchanged for winning this contested election got out of the business and forcing recrux wouonstruction wt have had the force of will to resist jim crow as it arose. i'd be very interesting if tomiko disagrees i would say the ferguson case caused jim crow but it didn't come out in other ways to stop it. >> i think that's right. i would not subscribe to the supreme court that kind of power at that time. it was pretty late in the day the politics of situation that jeff described is important but it nevertheless is an important indication from the court and -- an indication from the court to which there was no great outcry in the public, thus suggesting that by this time, there had been a consensus reached that the south would do what the south would do in terms of race relations. >> so i need to fast forward to 1940s america where things are actually beginning to move in a more positi

and this was a time when jim crow was not yet up and running.o a law requiring segregation was not welcome universally by railroads themselves. it was challenged as a violation of equal protection clause and justice brown held for the court, as long as the cars are equal, there's no problem. john marshall harlan wrote one of the greatest dissents of the 19th century. this is a kentucky former slave state. he's a know-nothing turned abolitionist. he's the one writing the he's the one writing the decision -- captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2008 captioning performed by vitac is one of the great defenders of the promise of the reconstruction amendments in the 19th century. in his decedent in police set versus ferguson he basically says everyone knows the real purpose of separation is not for the convenience of both parties but to degrade and stigmatize african-americans. the constitution neither knows nor toll rates classes among citizens, the constitution is color blind there is no cast here. but there is an odd previs to his deci

there has been jim crow. there has been so much going on for years prior to others coming into this country. it's a country of immigration but for a long time it has been a country of black-and-white and mexicans and maybe a few asians. now that there is an influx of different people coming here we need to have an understanding thinks theirbody race is important. everyone needs to realize that we are all important. we are all americans. we are not a divided country. the racists did to either get a grip or fine something else to impeder than try to their ignorance upon other people. host: ok. you said you changed your mind. read first thought they should stay up. why? i talked to other people and they gave some good points. it is part of history. i think they should probably some people have suggested that they get moved someplace like a museum or something like that. i think something like that is a good thing for them. think they should destroy them. they probably are worth a lot of money. keptshould probabl

this is a time when jim crow was not yet up and running so a law requiring segregation was not welcome by the rail roads users themselves. it was challenged as a violation protection clause and as tomiko well said, justice brown held for the court, as long as equality is equal there's no problem because facility is all the constitution requires and any imputation of inferiority is the product of african-americans. john harlan who is the greatest of the 19th century, this is a kentucky former slave state. he's a no-nothing turned abolitionist who said i'd rather be right than be consistent. he's the one who in writing the decision to strike down the civil rights act in 1875, his wife put the pen that the chief used to write -- this is one of the great defenders of the promise of the reconstruction amendments in the 19th century. in his spectacular dissent in plessey versus furgeson, he basically says everyone knows the real purpose of separation is not for the convenience of both parties but to degrade and stigmatize african-americans. he says in respect to civil rights, the constitutio

and this was a time when jim crow was not yet up and running. so a law requiring segregation was not welcome universally by railroads themselves. it was challenged as a violation of equal protection clause and as tameka wells said, justice brown held for the court, as long as the cars are equal, there's no problem because the facilities is all the constitution requires and any impewation of inferiority is the problem of african-americans. justice john marshall harlan wrote one of the greatest dissents of the 19th century. this is a kentucky former slave state. he's a know-nothing turned abolitionist. he's the one writing the decision -- descending from the court's decision, his wife puts the pen. he suddenly has writer's block and the words flow. this is one of the great defenders of the promise. and in his spectacular dissent, he basically says that everyone knows that the real purpose of the separation was not for the convenience of both parties but to degrade and stigmatize african-americans. there's an odd preface to his decision which is ja

bolition of slavery, abolition of the old jim crow. prison hold calls for abolition. >> what?> it sounds reckless. it that we think prison does. do?t do we want to things. two they haven't received the same that they need to not go back to a life of crime. so prison is not keeping us safe offenders. and it's certainly not making responsible for the harm that they've caused. pleading guilty not because they're being accountable but because, again, want the book thrown at them if they go to trial. lots of communities. brooklyn is a great example. common justice where when men are accused of violent crimes, men and women people in the program are men, if the victim consents to prove outside of the criminal justice system and into this justice where the victim and the person who has down, workm, they sit it out, including in a way that feel whole.ctim victims overwhelmingly say they than prison.ter they like this better than jail. a kind of em have closure that they don't get from prison. again, it's an idea that you're going to hear a in the future. thank you, paul, butler very m

according to the southern poverty lalaw center, most of tm were built during the early decades of jim crow or in reaction to the civil rights movement. not after the civil war. but now a number of the monuments are coming down. -- underore, the city orders from the mayor -- has just removed all four of itsts confederate statues. in durham, north carolina, protesters toppled a confederate statue after a college student named takiyah thompson climbed up a ladder and looped a rope around the top of the confederate soldiers. she appeared on democracy now! jujust before going to court on wednesday. thend i did this because statute is a symbol of nationalism. it is a symbol of what nationalism. and the type i'm talking about is the type of white nationalism that is sending me death threats on facebook. the type of white natioionalist that has killed a woman in a protest. amy: meanwhile, on wedndnesday,n brooooklyn, new york, , the vise chururch - -- episcopal church remomoved two plaques s honoring robert e. lee. on monday a monument to confederate soldiers in gainesville, florida, was also remo

jim crow had children. jim crow had grandchildren.re seeing that, but here is why we're not going back and because america is changing. and i say in 2009 when i was at cnn, john an low and i were talking and i said john, we're about to see the rise of what i call white minority resist appears and that is as we're moving forward, by 2024, no one group will be a majority in america. there's a belief among white americans, a lot of white americans that oh, my god, we're losing our ieftd, we're losing our country as if it was ever their country. >> so how solve for this because you don't really want to go down a road if white americans are, some, are fearing that there's an identity issue and they're losing it, how do you compensate for that, deal with that in a way that doesn't make people feel threatened and that we can all move forward together. >> it was very interesting because in september of last year pugh did a study that asked the question are you optimistic about the future economically of the next ten years. african americans,

court thinks about is affirmative action and legal lit applies a test that you would apply whether jim crow is legal so those same countries determine is that same standard is a little odd in the macy those are very two different ways to think about race but in that context the first articulation focuses of the cement trevelyan's showing how to structure that act -- that mission but set to what extent does the matter to have meaningful representation so people don't feel stigmatized your stereotypes? this is a robust conception focusing largely on first zero - - first amendment values. >> polite guy now wanted to go to med school what was the effect?. >> you'll have a concurrent by justice powell that essentially said affirmative action is constitutional to take race as one factor among many to decide which students to it mitt. so he concurred but later it became the law eliot you can take race into account to decide how to construct your student body but it has macon american institutions far more diverse. we should think of diversity or affirmatiaffirmati ve-action as a commitment for int

the last book that i intend to read the summer is "the new jim crow," about criminal justice reform here in the red states. >> what sparked your interest in the bruce springsteen story? >> i've been a bruce springsteen fan since roughly 1978. one of my first concerts was the concert thanksgiving eve in 1980. it was one of the most memorable nights in my life. if printing back to my cousin who was killed in 9/11 and we played guitar together and learn ed springsteen songs. what shaped and molded that mind that created musical lyrics and music. i look forward to finishing that. >> book tv wants to know what you're reading. send us your summer reading list at book to be or instagram at book_tv or posted to our facebook page. we are live this afternoon at the national press club in washington for remarks from derrick johnson, the interim president of the naacp. he will talk about the recent travel advisory at the naacp issued for missouri. >> good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. welcome to the national press club where we have trademarked a moniker of being the world's leading professional

it was there, erected during times of jim crow. i think it was erected as form of intimidation to people of color. it is their way of giving a finger to the people of color, keep in line or else. trish: that's why i don't like it. the north won. we won. >> this-i don't think so. trish: the north won. there is no place for that intimidation or glorification of what slavery represented, ron. >> but the president's not calling for that. he is not calling for gloryification of these. he has been unequivocal -- trish: people are calling for that harlan. why have the statues in the first place, all right? i'm from the north. i'm not from the south. i don't necessarily have the same appreciation for whole confederacy but i look at it, say, why is it there? because i do think it is intimidating? >> it is a very direct affront to people like me and my family who not only are direct descendants of slaves, but had to grow up in the jim crow south and my parents and grandparents were called the "n-word," where crosses were burned. my relatives

you saw the rise of jim crow. you saw disenchan choicement of black voters and the pushing out of african-american elected officials so that by 1900 these confederate monuments began to be erected and then woodrow wilson elected in 1912. the robert e. lee statue commissioned in 1975. woodrow wilson wouldn't speak out against listening. and then the rise of the ku klux klan marching down pennsylvania avenue a decade later. we've seen this before. >> let me ask you, i say abell, a loft people think the advancement of african-american progress it's a zero sum game versus the advancement of racism. is that necessarily the case? does it really represent a set back top african americans that we are seeing a boulder, bigger face of racism? >> this is a continuing challenge. this is a continuing challenge for not just african americans but for the country. i mean, african americans are americans and we are all as a country still having to grapple with the unreconciled history that we are living with to this day. i'm reall

hotels where you could stay at the restaurants you could eat at it was a pleasant brat back in the jim crow era segregation yeah and it's all it almost feels like that in the sense that we know that there are places where black people you know i feel that there are places where i feel less comfortable. i'm less welcome in this era. this is not the america that we want everybody should be free to go everywhere and feel as if if they want to. plant their roots in a particular state that they have the full protection of their rights. and their liberties should be and i don't think that any of us would disagree that race relations in missouri let alone in the united states as a whole are there absolute terrible but before we even jump to that let's look at that as the forty three real quick before. basically it raises the standard up to. the exact legal language is but it resort to the national standard for discrimination if you had to prove that you were discriminated against as a result you were fired that's the national standard right. except that you know even to the extent that there have

abolition of slavery, abolition of the old jim crow. "chokehold" calls for prison abolition.hat sounds crazy, sounds reckless. when we ask, what is it we think prison does? what do we want it to do? i think two things. we wanted to keep us safe from people who are likely to harm us if they are not locked up. and second, we want it to make people who have done harm accountable for what they have done. police, knowors, that prison does not do either of those very well. almost half of people who get locked up our back in within 18 months. they have not received the kind of services they need in prison to come back and not go back to a life of crime. so prison is not keeping us safe from offenders, and it is certainly not making people responsible for the harm they have caused. folks are pleading guilty not because they are being accountable, but because, again, they don't want the book thrown at them if they go to trial. there is lots of communities -- brooklyn a great example, a program called common justice where when men are accused of victim crimes, is the consents, that is

hewitt, they do conferences bringing together faith-based leaders around mass incarceration, the new jim crow, that group is not the one going in fight all the time in doing this ministry work, not on the ground in prison. that perspective needs to be highlighted. there is something gone with the fact the us is so exceptional, the number of people we incarcerate. thinking more broadly and structurally, the way it is, lending their voice, the number of people they have, it is really powerful. >> the recent visit to tacoma with the help of cable partner comcast, a collection of personal stories from boeing employees. how it impacted their lives. >> the name of the book we talk about today is emerging from turbulence, it is a long-term product in the mid-90s, looking at the impact for other corporate chain in the united states around that time on the employee, what was the impact on attitudes to work and what they work for and on family lives, like outsourcing, mergers and in particular what we found was a big change in the 80s and 90s, shareholder value became dominant he those, a lot of other

so we've got this new jim crow going on. we had great strides, you know, in the 21st century. we have the first african-american president and a lot of great strides that happened under that time period. and now i think we're in a backlash again. and in my research, you know, i think we're always hoping, like, this becomes history. but in my research, you know, i noticed that there was always like these steps forward, and there was these steps back. i think what gives me hope though always is there's always resistance. there's always resistance from the first moment that african-americans were forced here as slaves, there was resistance. so when you see charlottesville, you know, you also see this, these people that are standing up against it. so i wasn't hered the, in new orleans they're having a protest march there to support the anti-racist protesters, so i would be there, right? but i think this is important too. and in terms of my research, i start the book, actually, i look at the long history of jones and forest counties, but i start on january 10, 1966, when eight klan

you know, many of the confederate monuments that were put up, were put up specifically during the jim crow era, specifically during the civil rights movement to make >> reporter: a statement he says would offend people of color. i asked him several time if he thought president trump's response to the deadly protest displayed the leadership the country needs. >> and i want to push back and say, it's not about pointing fingers, about who should have done what and when they should have done it and when they should have said it. >> but he did admit that strong leaders have the power to bring the nation together. and i talked about a few of the strong leaders, secretary carson admires and martin luther king was one of them. he doesn't believe it's up to president trump to try and bring the country together. leon and pat, he says, it's up to the american people to have dialogue and conversations with each other. >> if dr. martin luther king was a leader that dr. carson admires, what did he say about the way the president is handled the issue of race in this country. >> well, so, we're talked to

hewitt, they do conferences bringing together faith-based leaders around mass incarceration, the new jim crow, that group is not the one going in fight all the time in doing this ministry work, not on the ground in prison. that perspective needs to be highlighted. there is something gone with the fact the us is so exceptional, the number of people we incarcerate. thinking more broadly and structurally, the way it is, lending their voice, the number of people they have, it is really powerful. >> the recent visit to tacoma with the help of cable partner comcast, a collection of personal stories from boeing employees. how

did it give rise to the jim crow laws or did it happen anyway? >> that's a very hard question, but it's probable that after the compromise of 1876, when the republican party in exchange for winning this contested election got out of the business of enforcing reconstruction would not have had the force of little to actually resist jim crow as it arose. so i wouldn't say -- i would be very interested if tameka agr disagrees, it certainly could have come out the other way. >> i would not ascribe to the supreme court that kind of power at that time. it was pretty late in the day. the politics of the situation that jeff described are really important. but it nevertheless is an important indication from the court. and an indication from the court to which there was no great outcry in the public, thus suggesting that by this time there had been a consensus reached that the south would do what the south would do. in terms of race relations. >> so i need to fast forward to 1940s america, where things are actually starting to move in a more positive direct

democrats have favoring jim crowe laws and so the truth is the democrats are johnny come lately for thef all is the fact that she's showing hypocrisy here and instead of trying to bring unity and compromise, what she's trying to do is win political points when she has a checkered past on it. heather: how do you do it to begin with, there's 1500 symbols of the confederate cri in public spaces throughout the country from states to arizona, to states down south to new york state, so where do you begin and where do you end? >> you begin where you know that these rallies are going to be happening. they're not coming out of nowhere. there are places where you know these clashes are going to happen. and i want to address the issue of, you know, democrats being the party of separatism and jim crowe and white supremacy, well, yes, they were, absolutely. history shows that. heather: 15 seconds left. >> the truth of the matter is that today we know that there are americans who are going to clash, we know that there are police forces that are going to be impacted, the public health, public safety r

a monument to the civil war is a area thato jim crow is the context. why is it if we can remove that, how do we get people to understand the great art of progress? how do they understand through slavery to the war to civil rights when we start removing these pieces? let me be clear, i can understand why someone would be deeply offended by the monument of r.e. lee. i have said before, i don't think that is reason enough to remove these from the landscape because i worry we will reach a point where no one is going to was a war that led to emancipation, but against what? instead of remove that, why not put waysides that speak to the era of jim crow and segregation, that show the connections. the past.ed remixing i fear that historians -- i am not sure if anyone listens to it these pieces are slipping away from us, and they are slipping away without a real serious conversation about what the long-term impact is going to have, or how people's stores size the past -- how people historicize the past. just because someone is offended, i understand it, i respec

they were erected during the jim crow era.econstruction when the klan and others began their rise and when we went into jim crow laws where blacks couldn't sit in certain places, couldn't eat, when we by law had seg grags, they erected these statues to show after reconstruction, we will have a state of white superiority. that's what the statues were erected for. in fact, ront e. lee after the civil war said he was against memorials because we needed to let the are nation heal. now they erected in the early part of the 20th century -- slavery ended by the emancipation proximate cause clags in 1863. it wasn't early the early part of the 20 century they started erecting this statue. it had nothing to do with the war. it had everything to do with white supremacy and the more americans know that, the more they will say this is a disgrace because it's not honoring ront e. lee. it's honoring segregation. >> and robert e. lee didn't want these statues put up. he wanted the nation to heal. >> absolutely. >> reverend al sharpton. thank

during the jim crow era if you look at southern cities they decide to put these statues in the middle of town halls and courthouses to intimidate the blocks that were gaining their rights. >> it's disappointing to see two groups of people going at it like this. in my opinion it shouldn't be here. >> the mayor is calling for a permanent memorial for heather hean or concealed carry of weapons at public events that could pose a threat to the people who attend.>> crews removed the statue of former supreme court justice from the grounds of the maryland state house. that statue has stood there for almost 150 years. dred scott who is enslaved sued for his family's freedom. in the most infamous case, they upheld slavery and denied citizenship to anyone of african ancestry. >> we believe the right thing to do, it was a three to nothing about and we are just happy we had a resolution to it. >> he changed his mind after last weekend's deadly violen 4 people connected to the terror attack. place believe they may have killed the driver that plowed into a crowd of people. they are investigating whe

court thinks is affirmative action legal, it applies a test that is you would a reply to whether jim crow is legal so the same snared we apply to determine whether affirmative action is constitutional. and if you use the same standard with affirmative action, you can say those or two different wives thinking about race. it is in that context that the diversity rationale comes into being and its first articulation focuses on fifth amendment values if institutions of higher learning have to structure the academic mission of the university. then it's broadened, to think about institutional culture. to what extent does it matter to have meaningful representations of underrepresented groups in order to have a diverse environment so people don't feel stick my tiesed -- stigmatized. marginalized. the initial articulation focuses on first amendment val. >> host: the bachy keys, 1970s med school. a white gyranted to go to med school. what's the thanksgiving and effect? >> guest: the outcome is you have a concurrence by justice powell that essentially said, affirmative action is constitutional, tha