this idea of jim crow laws has an interesting history. it really gets its start as a result of an actor who would do earlyace presentations in 1832. his name was thomas b. rice. he was based on a crippled african-american he saw in cincinnati. he created a song to go with it. the song became popular during the latter half of the 19th century. he performed this act all over the country. after a while, the oil idea of segregation began to be associated with the idea of jim crow, because it is a rationalization of why you separation, because some of the african-americans were like this character, so they should be separated from everyone else. with thee case politics and the restrictions put in place, jim crow laws are put in place all across the south. in most of the south, below the mason-dixon line, you can see these pieces of legislation going into effect. they are also put into effect in tennessee, with the first one being created around the issue of schools and legislating the segregation of schools in that state. then, they went to ho

this happens with the system of segregation called jim crow laws. laws are happen very quickly in the south. do, yoully what they can see from the examples is to the interaction or defeat the interaction different part of the population in these states. what we often forget is these are the how they operate and you must adhere to it, noe matter what you feel you might be about jim crow laws. this has an interesting history to it. it gets its start as a result of an actor who we do blackface presentation back as early as 1832. his name was thomas lee right, and he began to innovate his character you see up here. he based it on a crippled african-american whose name was jim crow. he created a song to go with it. the song they came popular during the last half of the 19th century. law -- ande this after a while, the whole idea of segregation began to be associated with the idea of jim crow. african-americans were like this cap like were like this -- were like this character. politics, and the restrictions, the g8 -- these jim crow laws were all across

he based it on a crippled african-american whose name was jim crow. he created a song to go with it. the song they came popular during the last half of the 19th century. right before this law -- and after a while, the whole idea of segregation began to be associated with the idea of jim crow. so many african-americans were like this character. the politics, and the restrictions, the g8 -- these jim crow laws were all across the south. in most of the south, you can see these pieces of legislation going into effect. the earliest went into effect in tennessee. it was the first one created around the issue of school. and segregation of schools. then they went to hotels and restaurants saying they had to keep their places of control in terms of access that people of keller could have in any of these places. in 1881, it went on to transportation. companies were required to furnish separate cars for colored passengers. what was the penalty if you don't do that? $100. who gets $100? [indiscernible] you create the system where if people broke the rules, you co

but now you have the threat of overturning jim-crow hierarchy. and said you need to be quiet and she said i am not. they sued her for libel and found guilty the supreme court overturned a issue wrote in an editorial that i am also our southern traditions but not at the cost of truth. from that point john when there was violence or bombings of jewish synagogues she wrote editorials in the will and later sells said she is losing money and takes and was publishing secretly publications for others in by 1961 ready editorials that says jim crow has to go because she saw her struggle for her civil liberties freedom of speech evolving over time as part of the greater struggle because if you cannot speak about it and what i should write in my editorial this is the not united states so does it just kept going off the cliff with ridiculous extremes and they said this has got to stop it cannot do this anymore so found herself by the '60s out of the mainstream and did not think it would be that big bet the white council citizens paper said it was the apocaly

jim crow laws were not pleasant. the vietnam war was not pleasant. you are supposed to allow people of diverse issues to say what they want to say so you know what they are thinking. if you squash with their thinking, you don't know them. you must allow people to say what they want to say. host: on the issue of free speech, the washington post today reports former fbi director james comey was handled kled atspeech -- hec his speech at howard university, heckled and jeered by a group "norotesters chanting, justice, no peace." it made for a difficult reappearance for the man fired by president trump in may. it was his first public appearance since testifying in front of congress. could hear what he had to say. you're notmes comey! our homie!" that is what they chanted. jack calling in on our democratic line. caller: thank you for taking my call. couple of comments, the gentleman who call before on the led before of the relation of people need education on civics, the first amendment was hundreds of years ago. he needs to go back to school. they wrote t

that is what happened throughout jim crow.ow the white community was experiencing america was completely different than the way let communities were experiencing america, and in the course of this march, as i walked and had dialogue with different communities, the experience of america is different across communities, and people are not talking to each other about that experience. so someone who does not have any friends of color or is not a part of communities of color -- they really believe that america is exactly the way they are experiencing it. what we want to bring awareness to is that when we talk about , it's not just on communities of color to change anything. it was not just on martin luther king to change anything. it was on white america to say this is not acceptable. this is happening in my country? this is not acceptable. there will be thousands of white people today with us who are setting that standard with us saying you are not alone. it's my responsibility to ensure that women and children and people of this

that is what happened throughout jim crow. there was this segregation. how white people were expecting america was completely different from how black people were experiencing america. as i had dialogues with communities, the experience of america is different across communities. people are not talking to each other about that experience. someone who doesn't have any friends of color or is not part of communities of color, they really believe america is exactly the way they are experiencing it. what we want to bring awareness to is when we talk about america , it is not just on communities of color to change anything. it was not just on martin luther king to change anything. it was on when america to say this is not acceptable. this is happening in my country, this is not acceptable. there will be thousands of what americans out there with us who are -- white americans out there with us who are saying this is not ok, you're not alone. people, women and children of color across the country have dignity and respect, and their rights are upheld. host: the m

jim crow that was exported to the caribbean region and at the end of the day while many of the bankers were involved in forms of financial reform, many professed to want to expand agriculture, to help develop the school system settings like this. none of these formed or amounted to much and much of the investment into the caribbean were seen as profits for patriot act of wall street.>> host: host: so, in your view is exploitation a very word to usev guest: i think it's a very fair word to use, ya. i think what i'm trying to argue in the book is that exploitation, the most of that exploitation were very complex and that is also not necessarily the kind of top-down vision of what happened. it's not necessarilysa all-knowing bankers going into cuba or haiti or neck logout or the dominican republic acting as puppet masters over the caribbean people. there is always pushed back from the caribbean people and there is modes of negotiation where elites trying to get something from wallo get so street and also a sense that as much as many bankers were very deliberate in their activities in the

i believe the republican party is the party that opposed jim crow and the civil rights. the democrats were on the wrong side of all of those. we have to let people who are not truly violent speak their mind. when you hear their arguments, you realize that is atrocious. that is disgusting. that is vile. that is so fundamentally incorrect. you can educate yourself on these false sentiments. if they are stirring up violence, that is the line of free speech. we should have the right to do whatever we can as long as it does not infringe on someone else's rights. if they are calling to her people, actually saying we want to go after a certain group of people, that is where it should stop. we have to make sure people feel needcted and safe, but we to make sure people can speak their mind even if it is disgusting. there are disgusting views on the radicals of all sides. you need to hear that so you know it is wrong. host: we have a lot of colors. i want to get -- callers. i want to get to that. uc berkeley free-speech weight was supposed to take -- week was supposed to take plac

and nothing today compares of slavery or jim crow segregation. however, i also pointed out that it would be accurate to say that since the death of martin luther king jr. conditions for poor blacks have deteriorated while the conditions a better off blacks have indeed improved. this is clearly seen in the growing income inequality in the black community in the growing income inequality in the black community as reflected in a major of income inequality that ranges from zero perfect equality, to one maximum inequality. now, this figure discloses the increasing household income inequality across the american population as a whole, rising from a low of 0.3919720.48 in 2013. follow the blue line. more interesting however is a high level of of intragroup among black households. although the absolute level of black income as well below that of whites, blacks nonetheless display the most intragroup income inequality reaching household gini index of 0.49 in 2013 followed by whites as your .47 and hispanics of 0.45. indeed, one of the most significant cha

you have jim crowe. you have reconstruction when there was a time when black people were holding office and moving into positions of power and wealth. and so we've been living in this time of we have these monumental civil rights legislation and we think things are getting better. we have schools that are integrated. we have this, we have that, we have a black president, and then all of a sudden we have nazis marching down charlottesville which is supposed to be the happiest town in america, right? they were voted that. so i think what happened in charlottesville is a time for us to recommends that we have not made the post racial advances that we have thought that we have made. we have not, as a society, really changed that much. there have been small advances but on a societal level, nothing has changed. the fact that neo nazis and kkk people in hoods, people wearing the rebel flag, people who want to literally kill you walking down the street and there's nothing you can do about it and you live here,

laws and they modelled their nurenburg laws after jim crow. >> get me that book. >> i will. >> and it's a disturbing read. >> have you read it too? >> yeah. fantastic. >> it really shows the beginnings of how this country was built on race law and race issues that we still haven't come to grips with today. >> the influence of jim crow and hitler. >> i'm struck by -- okay, this is not a lesson in economic determinism, but i'm a little taken with this. this player who started this by take agony. >> colin kaepernick. >> he can't get hired. >> right. >> the owners can't hire him. they make the decisions. so how come the owners are making one economic/political decision and switch this weekend? how did trump get it wrong? because trump probably figured the owners were on his side for their own reasons. >> this is where heidi i think gets it exactly right with the question of impulse control. because i think trump got up there to talk about the black dissenting nfl player, red meat for the audience. and then he couldn't help himself. this is why people don't like the nfl. >> ratings are down.

best selling nonfiction books according to brooklyn's green light bookstore continues with the new jim crow by michelle alexander which looks at how the u.s. prison system is affecting african-american communities. that's followed by historian carol anderson's study on race in america, white rage. and a collection of essays from brooklyn-based writer -- [inaudible] too much p and not in the mood. after that, filmmaker brandon harris recalls trying to make it in new york city in making rent in bed-stuy. and wrapping you have our look at the best selling nonfiction books according to green light bookstore in brooklyn is a collection of essays by samantha irby. some of these authors have or will be appearing on booktv. you can watch them on our web site, booktv.org. >> booktv recently visited capitol hill to ask members of congress what they're reading. here's what oklahoma congressman steve russell had to say. >> i read all kinds of stuff. i'm a voracious history reader. not much onion fiction although there are some. i just finished a fiction book, i should say i'm not much on fiction. but i

to imagine that it could be a red state so they have to use all this gimmickry all this vicious jim crow era tactics no question about it to stop black and especially the latino population of texas to vote but beyond that this will happen all over the nation they're going to be we're going to know right now we have a non elected president the you know we at least we agree that he didn't win the popular vote well congress is supposed to be the representation of that popular vote and once they fix that. we're in trouble yeah yeah absolutely so the south dakota secretary of state shantelle krebs recently orchestrated a voter purge in her state that resulted in about a three percent cut in voters mostly democrats from having a voter registration in invalidated she's also running for congress. to quote eyes as number one is this as unprecedented as it sounds the secretary of state you know knocks a whole bunch of democratic voters out and then runs for office in that in that district and rob actually start with that one. i wish it were unprecedented this is become kind of a republican you kno

can't say slavery's gone but jim crow's on the way so everything is going to be okay. part of what they do in the next years. jim crow is the most obvious expression of confederate response to the loss of slavery and defeat. how are they going to make sense of what's happened to them and the people who might look at say really sues session was a good idea? really? and look at us now. how do they do it? here's how. they don't have a retreat where they all go to a cabin somewhere in the app latch ians and come up with a rational of the war. they use organically, you can find the seeds of it in the war itself, but they come up with a interpretation of the war that allows them to maintain a sense of honor in the wake of this awful defeat and we have come to call it the lost cause interpretation. here are its main elementsment there are vary yags of it. number one, they are not identify i had yachts. they realize they were out of step with western civilization before the war because they were a slave holding oe site. they understood they needed to distance themselves from s

can't say slavery's gone but jim crow's on the way so everything is going to be okay. part of what they do in the next years. jim crow is the most obvious expression of confederate response to the loss of slavery and defeat. how are they going to make sense of what's happened to them and the people who might look at say really sues session was a good idea? really? and look at us now. how do they do it? here's how. they don't have a retreat where they all go to a cabin somewhere in the app latch ians and come up with a rational of the war. they use organically, you can find the seeds of it in the war itself, but they come up with a interpretation of the war that allows them to maintain a sense of honor in the wake of this awful defeat and we have come to call it the lost cause interpretation. here are its main elementsment there are vary yags of it. number one, they are not identify i had yachts. they realize they were out of step with western civilization before the war because they were a slave holding oe site. they understood they needed to distance themselves from s

particularly, this is the birth of jim crow. it's also going on. the federal government has backed up. the south is able to begin to do what it does. part of that again makes itself real and is supported by the federal -- by obviously the supreme court of the united states, several members of whom were still very much and closely related to the south or confederate sympathetic. rural ferguson, 1896, this is the period where we see, again, the memorial period, jim crow era, they are happening simultaneously on the landscape. it is a reassertion, a powerful reassertion of white supremacy, and these monuments are also going up at the same time. is it any wonder then that people's views of them may not be unariffic. is it any idea that for some from the very beginning these are not things to celebrate, that they in fact could be powerful, powerful and painful images of oppression. we would not see another surge in monuments like that until the late 1940s and 1950s, which is sort of the second wave if you will. and again, what's interesting about that,

eventually jim crow was dismantled in the south. there were vigilante groups such as the ku klux klan that resisted the civil rights movement, but ultimately they failed. so urban rest, convulsed many american cities during the 1960s. and there were some people in the white supremacist movement that thought the country might actually implode under the weight of racial strife. they thought it would be impossible for blacks and whites to occupy the same country in any kind of amicable way. blacks were no longer accept the subordinate status. so in the 1960s there were some instances in which both white separatists and black separatists established a dialogue in the hope of coming to some sort of modus -- and creating separate racial states. on a number of occasions george lincoln rockwell and members of his american nazi party met with representatives of the nation of islam, which was led by elijah mohamed at that time. because whites were a large numerical majority in the country at thattime, the early white separatist assumed that t

, so they can't say slavery's gone, but jim crow's on the way so everything is going to be ok. they did not know that yet. part of what they are doing in the next years, i mean jim crow , is the most obvious expression of confederate response to the loss of slavery and defeat. but they don't know that is coming yet. how are they going to make sense of what's happened to them and the people who might look at say -- look at them and say, really, secession was a good idea? really? and look at us now. how do they do it? here is how they do it. they don't have a retreat where they all go to a cabin somewhere in the appalachians and say, let's come up with a rationale for the war. it happens organically, overuse the word organically, you can , find the seeds of it in the war itself, but they come up interpretation of the interpree war that allows them to maintain -- the wake of this awful defeat, and we have come to call it the lost cause interpretation. here are its main elements. there are a few variations of it. number one, they are not idiots. they realize they were out of step w

it is nott people -- a monument to the civil war, it is a monument to jim crow and segregation. that, how toove get people to understand the arc ? how to they understand slavery to the war to segregation to civil rights when we start removing these pieces? i can understand why somebody would be deeper it -- would be deeply offended by a monument of robert e. lee. that is not reason enough to remove these from the landscape. in the end, i worry it will reach a point where no one will ,now this was a war for union it was a war for emancipation, but against what? why not instead of remove it, put wayside's that speak to the era of jim crow, that speak to the connections. i'm not sure anyone would listen to us anyway. these pieces are slipping away from us, and they are slipping away without a serious conversation. how people for store size the past. that is deeply -- how people historicize the past. just because someone is offended, i respect why they would want that removed from their removed from their community, but there is a bigger issue here, i think. mr. holzer: that is what

between the jim crow era and today's athens. and today's university of georgia. yeah. that could be. >> the thing i have with recon texture alizing is so they had arthur ash. they had that at the end of the street of all the confederate memorials. here we have, say pink mor ton. of the theater. to me that's still divided. you can't combine the two structures. you have still have two sides. and symbolically to me that's almost just as bad as having just the confederate memorial. >> that's really good. even the placement of the memorials can inadd vertly. or purposefully emphasize the divisions. i didn't mention it. but the arthur ash monument is the last one right before the interstate cuts the road off. and certainly in the lowest rent area. after you have the kind of grand early 20th century mansions. those are all gone by the time you get to the arthur ash monument. so abts luteally that's a fear. and that's a something to be concerned about. i think these issues are things that we're going to be continuing to deal with. i'm glad you have thought about it. if this ev

and the terrorism that became jim crow was beginning to be enact the agained against black.was not to honor the soldiers of the civil war. it was to remind blacks and whites that the force of the state would still be used to subjugate them to a different form of slavery. all of those could come down without affecting history at all and you could put them in the museums where teachers and i do yens could explain why they were put up in the early part of the 1900s. >> but just that e rat citizen many on his part from a couple days ago, it's a local matter, which is kind of a safe -- relatively safe political thing to say, to now coming out today and saying, oh, no, no, they must all be saved. how is the country supposed to follow a president like that? >> by looking at the consistency of his inconsistency. this is a man who is unable to fin shall a sentenish a sentenc obviously intended it when he started. li lyndon johnson was a man of contradictions, but lyndon johnson knew what he was dog. he loved government. he knew how to make it work. he also knew if you continually con

parts of it >> but i believe it's important to remember that those statues were put up during the jim crow time not the confederate war, they were put up when americans were fight fog civil rights, more so as a symbolism, they weren't put up during the time of the war, well after that. >> in that horrible part of our history as well. >> but >> that's the appoint, when we say you don't see statues of hitler at german. the statues are used as symbols of trying to is suppress or intimidate people. i guess i totally see that >> i totally see that point as far as the motivation of why a statue was there but i also wouldn't be opposed to taking those statues that the motivation was an ugly hor rid thing and taking them to museum and saying look at what happened. look what happened >> when you say take -- we've seen i think baltimore, we'll put them up, take them put them in a museum or cemetery or somewhere like that >> i don't have a problem with -- look at what can happen. ok? when america is ugly and tries to intimidate. >> the statues need to stay where they are. i think the statues need to

country, the african-american community has been forced to endure slavery, ape, kidnap, lynching, jim crow, segregation, mass incarceration and a police brutality epidemic that continues to this very day. t was in this context that athletes like colin kaepernick bravely chose to kneel down so that others may have the courage to stand up. there are some who have criticized these athletes as unpatriotic, but their actions are uniquely american. liberty and justice for all is an american value. equal protection under the law, that's an american value. freedom of speech and expression as embedded in the first amendment, that's an american value. and yet there's criticism coming even from folks in the white house. i find this ironic because this the same group of people at 1600 pennsylvania avenue who didn't criticize vladimir putin -- undermining democracy for the first time in our nation's history. how dare you lecture us about at's patriotic and so i just came to the house floor to make it clear, to all of the athletes across this great country who have chosen to stand up and confront injust

and it was a segregated south and jim crow laws so when you were growing up how long did it take before you realize you were not being the treated the same as everybody else? >> i grew up in birmingham, the most segregated city in the country at the time. it was the place where the complete police commissioner was well known for his brutality toward blacks and it didn't take long to know that your parents who were a little embarrassed that they couldn't take you to a restaurant or a movie theater, they were never people who let us the full community that i grew up in which is mostly schoolteachers, my parents were educators, they never let us feel in any way that we were victims. they always said when you consider yourself a victim you lost control so don't ever think of yourself as a victim. they also said you're going to have to be twice as good. they didn't say that as a matter of debate, they said it as a matter of fact because education was supposed to be your armor against prejudice. but i remember the very first time i really came home i went to see and you know how it works, you

you were born and grew up in birmingham and it was a segregated south and the jim crow laws. when you were growing up howu. long did it take before you realize you were not treated the same as everybody else. >> it was most segregated big city in the country at the time. it was a place where the police commissioner paul connor was well-known for brutality towards blacks and it didn't take long to know that your parents were a little embarrassed to take you to a restaurant or movie theater they were never people who let the phÓc community that i grew up in which was mostly schoolteachers. my parents are educators they never let this feel in any waywh like victims.ctim. they said when you consider yourself a victim me of loss control so don't consider yourself a victim. they also said you're going to have to be twice as good. they didn't say that as a matter of debate. they set it as a matter of fact. education was supposed to be your armor against it. but i remember the very first time it really came home to me. you know how works you take a kid and santa claus puts the kid on

. >> segregated south under jim crow laws. when you were growing upgr how long did it take before you realized you were treated the same as everyone? >> i grew up in birmingham, most segregated city at the time in the country took the police commissionerer, bu was well known for his brutality towards blacks and it didn't take long to know that your parents were a little embarrassed because they could not take you to a restaurant or movie theater. they were never people who-- this little community i grew up in, mostly school teachers. my parents were educators and they never let us feel as though we were victims. they said when you consider yourself a victim you have lost control, so don't ever consider yourself a victim. they also said you will have to be twice as good. they didn't say that as a matter of debate trick they said it as a matter of a fact because education was supposed to be your armor against prejudice, but i remember the very first time it really came home to me. i went to see santa claus and you know how it wo

the other comment is the nfl. 60 five, i woman, have a taste of jim crow here in texas. if you are not my race you cannot tell me how i feel. i am not white so i cannot tell them how i've -- how they feel. history, know is in everyone here, unless you are native american came from another country. we need not forget that. this is a melting pot. let it be a melting pot for everyone. racism still exists in america. that is something we have to talk about and something we have to get over. christian,you are a everyone is not, but if you say you are, god is love. thank you. host: our final call this our calling from, maryland on the line for democrats. good morning. caller: good morning, sir. i'm a vietnam vet and i am upset about the situation, i shouldn't be because this is par for the course in this country. i know, that if they listened to the general, he talked in an interview with the commentators, they would not have been in a dire situation like this. plan that he is gone over during katrina. he is a black general for one thing, they didn't listen to him. that shows

>> reporter: because of the long history of jim crow african americans and -- >> this is a conclusion you're drawing. >> reporter: no. this is a conclusion the district came to today. >> the district said violence is extremely intimidating to african americans in particular in this country. we are deeply disturbed that this happened whoever did it. we're deeply disturbed by it. >> reporter: in alameda christin ayers, kpix5. >>> tonight it's now up to governor brown to decide whether one of charles manson's followers will go free. today correction officials said leslie van how ton is suitable for -- -- leslie van houghton is suitable for parole. last year her release was denied even though her attorneys say she is a model inmate. >>> tonight it was announced 200 gap and banana republic stores will shutter in the next three years. the first gap opened in san francisco in 1969, no word yet which locations will close like this one at the embarcardero. sales at both stores have been declining recently as they struggle to compete. tonight gap says that it will focus on the brands that are p

plessy versus ferguson which established the separate but equal doctrine, putting a legal stamp on jim crow laws and black codes that flourished throughout the united states. a long timehere for creating a long list, everything from transportation systems, restaurants, hotels, , whenorhoods, hospitals during segregation the hospitals were segregated and their been cases where a black person needing emergency assistance, even if the white hospital was closer, they cannot make it over to the black hospital in time. the colored hospital ended up dying. even cemeteries were segregated. everything was segregated. this was the law. when we are talking to young students and their like, well, if you break the law you go to jail, but also this was a time of terror because they're white supremacist groups who took it upon themselves, like the kkk, to maintain and to keep the system in place. it was the law but also it was reinforced by violence and sometimes murder. that is how the system was maintained. for many years, many people struggle to try to break down the system. they finally decided let's

>> because of the long history of lynching, jim crow of african-americans and -- >> that's a conclusion that you're drawing. >> reporter: no, this is what the district said in their statement today. a district spokesman susan davis was clear. >> the noose is a symbol of violence that is extremely intimidating and threatening to blacks in particular in this country. we are deeply disturbed that this happened. whoever did it we are deeply disturbed by it. >> reporter: in alameda, christin ayers, kpix 5. >> we're learning last weekend's dangerous heat wave proved to be deadly in san francisco. medical exercise say the record- breaking temperatures contributed to three deaths. all the victims were in their late 70s or older and they all died in their homes. >>> so neda, what are we looking at this week? >> today there's a chance of rain out there. so some people may see a little drop on their windshield. they had to use the wiper out there this morning because right now there is a storm system. it's small, it's not going to bring as heavy amount of rain but to the north of us, it is bringin

letter of scorned boyfriend good writer something in it henderson compares the kids concerts to jim crow era signs that said blacks weren't welcome he even writes negro go home which is not something kids that were said henderson is the one who wrote that in fact henderson even does mention in the article how kid gave fifty thousand dollars to detroit organizations and the c.p. gave him an award but that still doesn't stop anderson's diatribe about how kid is horrible for race relations in american culture so in response the kid denied the detroit free press credentials when they asked why kids publicist told them quote you guys wrote a story and allowed it to be published you want to quote there it is which is so maybe rig and which is what everyone wants to do when the press is so one sided an unfair against them but is too afraid to do in our p.c. culture but not kid he's not afraid to tell the media f you and to call them out when they're being jerks and for that next year robert james ritchie might go from being kid rock to sen barack. what holds and you should. put themselves up. t

it is told along with many others that provide context for it from slavery to reconstruction and jim crow all the way up to the movement. those are told in the museum of mississippi history. the civil rights museum but the closer focus on the s-sierr sien 1945 to 1975 beginning when they came back from world war ii and carried the story up through school integration into the initial integration of african american officials. it's a story told in more depth than the civil rights museum but also present in the other museum, the history museum. does that answer your question? thank you. this is your panel. >> i appreciate the commercial that you gave us for the grand presidential library at the mississippi state. we are opening november 30 just a week before the big grand opening here in jackson at the archives and history but it struck me something tv said it struck me. i've been a historian for a long time and i've written some materials but what struck me about the experience with the presidential library has been the fact that you cannot approach history in just one way. i always thought

to el salvador, why americans don't understand the world and how we can learn, boston confronts jim crow and others. please join me in welcoming mark robert schneider. [applause] >> i would like to thank the historical society for igniting -- inviting me and gavin. this is a magnificent place for historians to work and is a pleasure for me to work on the book. i would like to thank you for coming. as duke ellington used to say, i would add, would just give up if we didn't have a chance to speak. okay. so three major themes in this book. the way i knew gerry studds, i never met him personally but i knew of him during the 1980s because i was an activist in central america and issues and gerry studds was the congressional champion of peace in central america. one of the themes i will be talking about tonight is that. he was most known in his district for being a champion of environmental issues and a voice for fishermen, especially in the early part of his career. finally, after he came out, the reason for writing the book is he is america's first openly gay congressman and after coming out

this is jim crow so this is two different things. i think some of these deserve now to be put into museums and not on the streets. but it is a very complicated issue and we have to remember about historical reason that this came into being. i wish we did have a monument. he became a follower of grant and republican advocate of reconstruction. we have very selective use of the monuments. >> i heard a very disturbing story at west point was without one or two. i wonder how that worked when he was the father of this young m man. at the end of his life he writes to julia he will finish the memoirs three days before. he can't speak this to julia he's too emotional. he says it wouldn't bother me a bit if i discovered they were in a bed in pain and near death but if they had been separated from the moral values that you and i teach them. there is no way of explaining it. >> i was wondering if you had any views about why there seems to be so much interest. i read the biography which i thought was wonderful. then i saw the wonderful reviews o

hundreds of years ago dating back to slavery and post slavery of reconstruction and then you go into jim crow so there's you know there's a system that's been in place there and it's at the at the in the day what it's done is it has criminalized young black african-americans and i also asked mr stallworth about the broader subject of activism and the role of athlete in social movements what he had to say was quite enlightening i would say they have an obligation but i think what they should do is if they care about an issue or if they know some people that are affected by an issue and it's something that they care about and want to speak about it i think has athletes we number one should educate ourselves to the best of our bill use to put ourselves around people who are in in this to specific fields that we're looking to get into to be able to articulate our message to a mass audience as opposed to just stay in an echo chamber of people who think like us and believe the same they have the same views that we do so as you can see my conversation with donte stallworth was an interesting change

jim crow happens pretty rapidly, especially, and this beast to what we were talking about earlier, which is cape may. who is in the water or the beach? this is the area along with schools of greatest contest. will the schools be separate? yes they have to be. beaches separate? more and more they become separate. i think that is where i can go on that. >> i would say the system of incarceration built in new york city under slavery is defaulting to the claimant. it defaults to the people claiming. the system is built and abused in all kinds of way. your kidnapping rings paying off the shares to arrest people on accusations and they claim them and turn them into slaves. the systems are institutionally building in the false that are continuous. >> i want to thank you all for a very informative panel and a particular want to thank you graham for thinking about something like the work that would've been uniformly dismissed by a serious historian and engaging with that and using and thinking about it and his story sizing what she talked about. i have a specific question for kate and it is very

exactly they're doing something they're they're instituting brand new jim crow voting restrictions on voters of color in america we're actually going backwards at high speed and i appreciate senator schumer saying if you want to do something let's not talk about statues let's talk about statutes the right to vote in america however the democratic party has exactly covered itself in glory either almost nothing was done in the last eight years and now by there's groups taking on both republicans and democrats i know that the hunter the civil rights center will be holding a meeting a gathering of civil rights organizations in richmond virginia to force senator terry mcauliffe after all charlottesville is in virginia and he gave great speeches but terry mcauliffe the democratic governor is still supporting a jim crow system of removing voters from the voter rolls which is violently biased against black voters it's called cross-checked the state of virginia removed forty one thousand voters we know at least that many almost all of them voters of color on the accusation that they voted twic

acknowledged african-americans faced very difficult burdens in doing that because of slavery and jim crow laws that dominate the american side. that foreignlicy policy they also have very similar ideas about america's place in the world and the orange policy and both believed in american and sent that exceptionalism. faithful believe that the exits was a unique free society. it was superior to other nations. thatexceptionalism meant the nazis had a duty to lead the world on a path towards greater prosperity, democracy and peace. the two leaders also related those concepts together, prosperity and democracy and peace. prosperoused that a society would be a good foundation. both believed the democratic society was much more likely to be peaceful than autocratic. that is a key linkage of those concepts. those ideas continue to resonate throughout the rest of the 20th century and indeed went through today. both leaders also despised traditional balance of power. they looked at the international system that existed prior to 1914. both of them saw that system as dominated by alliances, unrestra

another example is suffer right, lyndon johnson when pressing for the 1964 civil rights act uses jim crow to persuade members of congress to support the bill. the family would drive back and forth from texas to d.c. actually said i'm i can make it rise anymore. since you say it's a shame the president cook would have to sit suffer these indignities. he actually gives her pen so these african-americans because of the relationship with the president first family gave our president to window a black life that they may not have had otherwise. a lot of presidents chose not to open that window, but for the ones who did our nation is better for it. thank you. [applause] will have time for questions. >> of a question about how the fdr administration differed from the administration before from herbert hoover. we know from anecdotes that hired help had to go into closets. what happened to african-american cooks in the administration? >> under the rozsival ministration there's more openness and more, rhonda and openness between the staff and first family. it didn't have the rigidity that you saw in

african-americans faced very difficult burdens in doing that because of the legacy of slavery and jim crow laws that dominated american society. hoover andpolicy, wilson also had similar ideas, they both had the same viewpoint about america's place in the world and about american foreign-policy. both believed in american exceptionalism. the notion that the united states was a uniquely free society and politically and morally superior to other nations. this exceptionalism meant that the united states had a duty to lead the world on a path toward , democracysperity and peace. the two leaders also related those concepts together, prosperity, democracy and peace. both believed that a prosperous society would be a good foundation for democracy. both believed that democratic societies were much more likely to be peaceful than autocratic societies. that is a key linkage of those concepts. continue to resonate throughout the rest of the 20th century and on down to today. leaders also despised traditional balance of power politics. distrustedean they the international system, the one that existed p