they produced tons of goods and services and that became a part of the architecture after jim crow was seemingly over 17 say the 1920s after world war i to the 1960s you see them as funneling black labor into this economy that is buttressing state power so when black americans start organizing and what we call the modern civil rights movement that starts after brown v. board and 54 then you see all of these new opportunities for the municipalities in the state to have tmanage black bodies that e using to conform to th what the state wants them to do either as producers or consumers. but they learned a lot about the functioning of power, state power, local power, police power going into the local jails and prisons and then they brought that back out and it helped them transform. so it had an effect where going into the prisons intentionally to fill the prison as a way of resisting the state. mass incarceration of it in the south and early part of the movement, all of these features and housewives and local business people and school teachers and janitors went into the prisons to save th

in the deepest recesses of the jim crow baltimore was segregated, washington dc was segregated. but they were not segregated in the same way that rural north carolina was segregated at that time. of course thurgood marshall was no stranger to segregation and the ravages of segregation on a young schoolboy, but he was abosolutely shocked at what they found. these buildings even mocked the very notion of being schools, ofbeing places of education for young children. man's voice: is your school a wooden structure? boy's voice: yes it's wood man: is any part of it brick or stone? boy: no sir man: do you have an auditorium? boy: no sir man: do you have indoor drinking fountains? boy: no sir man: what do you use? boy: water pumps and water buckets man: is there a desk for each child? boy: no sir man: do you have teachers for every grade? boy: no sir man: do you have indoor toilets? boy: no sir rawn james: an astounding act of courage. houston and marshal traveled down throughthe south. and these are the days before the eisenhower interstate system. so they went in between what i would

i went on to pick up michelle alexander's book, the new jim crow. mass incarceration -- this had

, the homeownership gap between whites and african americans is now wider than it was during the jim crow era reveal based its report on a review of 31 million mortgage records filed with the federal government in 2015 and 2016. the investigation found the redlining occurring across the country, including in washington, d.c., atlanta, detroit, philadelphia, st. louis, san antonio, texas. amy: since its publication earlier this month, the report has sparked national outrage and, in some states, unusually swift political action. pennsylvania's attorney general and state treasurer have both launched investigations into redlining in philadelphia. this is democratic state senator vincent hughes of pennsylvania questioning pennsylvania attorney general josh shapiro during a recent senate budget hearing. >> are you aware of the study that was just published by the senate for investigative reporting that looksks at discriminatory lending pracactices? f "kepttudy titles itself out." are you knowowledgeable about wt has been going on in this area? >> i am, and frankly, i'm disgusted by it. i read t

the students in dixon were confronting a white power structure behind the jim crow system. but that's not all that they were confronting. they were also confronting a black power structure. they were confronting among other things the president of their institution, the president of their institution was a black president. and the black president of the alabama state college was in a very tough position himself. he was there under the sufferance of an all white board of trustees. at all of the predominantly black colleges, it wasn't until the mid 1960s that there were any black people on boards of trustees at the black public institutions. in the early 1960s, they were all white. it was an all white board of trustees. the governor of the state, john patterson, was the ex-chairman of the board. these black institutions got their operating funds from these legislatures that were fervent segregationists, all deeply committed to segregation, and the white power structure typically put into place black educators that would tow the segregationist line and would certainly, certain

they knew about jim crow in the south. they knew about lynching, segregation in the south.and that was their focus. or they were ignorant -- they were ignorant of the burgeoning civil rights movement in the north, a much different situation. in the northern cities occupied by millions of african-americans -- many of them who had immigrated there immediately after the second world war to take defense jobs -- were not, didn't experience legal discrimination. they could vote, there were not laws insisting, mandating separation. but still they were the victim of informal discrimination, market forces, public policy and prejudice. and so that millions of african-americans were isolated in inner cities, decaying inner cities. and the -- what they saw was white midwesterners and northerners acting to bring social and economic justice to black southerners while denying it to blacks who lived in their own community. and what you had was the series of increasingly destructive riots. the terrible detroit riot occurred five days after the signing of the voting rights act, something tha

it's all the way back on reconstruction and jim crow so. yeah i mean right that's that's a that's a that's a fine buzz word to put out there but if we're going to think about this historically speaking why are so many people so easily kind of manipulated into into feeling like they need weapons and guns to protect themselves you know it's because this country has a history of brutal violence against a lot of people and like i said we're at a point where we're trying to redesign. people it's going to be and gentlemen i wish. if i had my way i get it right so so so if your call if you're calling the reign of terror after reconstruction during jim crow against the black community and against immigrants and latinos and you know i think i want to be happier in the around the world gentlemen unfortunately this is television we do have time constraints i wish we could talk about this for hours upon end and i'm sure that we could john william louden former republican member of the missouri senate and bernard professor of urban studies at queens of

and what the government was doing in the south eliminate jim crow. writingurban domestically -- rioting domestically, and the blunders the u.s. made in vietnam, the free fire zones, the massive bombing, and our continued support of what was obviously a corrupt regime destroyed that consensus. so you got 1968. johnson's abdication. martin luther king's assassination. assassination, the convention, and ultimately the election of richard nixon. but as i say in the book, the great society -- the house that was the great society may have gone to the ground, but the foundation still remains. but i tell you, ladies and gentlemen, that foundation is under assault right now, as it never has been before. as was the case with conservatives after the new deal. they denounced it rhetorically, but did not do anything substantive. during the reagan administration, it attack virtually every aspect of the great society, but except for regulations, not do anything about medicare, medicaid, federal aid to education. but that situation has changed, i think. thank you fo

in our own country slavery and jim crow all too often was justified in the name of christ.: donald trump's national prayer breakfast happening hours from now, pastor robert jeffers, senior pastor at first baptist church in dallas, texas will be there as a specially invited guest and joins us now. the president making some points that may be true, the argument is time and place. was that the place to make these points? thanks for coming on first of all. >> it wasn't appropriate and seems like anytime president obama stood in front of a group of christians it triggered some need he had to lambaste and lecture them. what a stark contrast for donald trump. i told donald trump part of his legacy is going to be he will be remembered as the most faith friendly president in history. donald trump is more pro-life, pro-religious liberty, pro israel, than any democrat or republican who has occupied the oval office and that is why he is going to be met with such a warm recession at the prayer breakfast. rob: what will you hear from the president today? >> i never try to predict what he

it was an attack on segregation, on jim crow. it was an attack on the military industrial complex. it was an attack on liberal capitalism itself. and this use, this energy certainly provided some of the fuel that enabled white society, these reforms to take place. there was also, this was when america's so-called greatest generation had really reached or were at the height of their power and influence. the generation that had survived depression and defeated the axis powers. many of them had grown bored with the complacency of the 1950s.and many of them embraced it temporarily, the notion of a racially just society. a society in which there was equal opportunity for all. then there was johnsonhimself . the various programs and policies of the great society were germinating in his mind fromthe time he was a child . he was influenced by his grandfather and also a populace, his mother was a liberal baptist and a journalist. he was in, when he was influenced, when he was a senior in college, he was a student taught at a community in south texas. he was questionable of it all, a spanish

the way we talk typically about jim crow and with those laws in the north.we will sign books that i promised at the beginning i would give you an opportunity to talk about struggling through your students but you are one of three or four professors i have met cliff taken such an incredible position in defense of their students when the target is upon the mid- i have endless respect for that because unfortunately it is rare but above for you to share a brief bit of the battle against islam a phobia and how you see them as they are under attack. >> so we talk about how difficult it is with those blinders that we have with the ways or the frames we get to see the thing. so ten years ago a student of mine was arrested on terrorism charges and charged in the federal system and like all good progressives i thought i was paying attention and following the evils of guantÁnamo and have come to believe i understood the way it was working with these extralegal offshore sites to do bad things. but not paying attention to the criminal justice system. but when he was arre

jim crow must go. jim crow must go. jim crow must go.one: eric sort of saw the injustice in the world, you know, and i think that that was ultimately what sort of led him to law school. he tried to figure out whether or not-- you know, how are you going to be able to change the system. are you gonna change it from within? are you gonna change it from without or some combination thereof, and i think that eric probably saw the law as the best avenue for being able to effect change. [applause] capehart: so you emulated your father reading the newspaper backwards and forwards. tell us more about--about your parents. holder: my father was raised by his mom. uh, his father abandoned him, and i think he was determined to make sure that his sons never felt that sense of uncertainty that--that he felt in his life. he didn't graduate from high school, and yet he--he's, i think, the wisest man i've--i've ever known. my mom was a traditional, you know, mother who was always there for her sons, constantly pushing us to make sure that, with--with rega

in truth, roosevelt showed -- shared byrnes position that jim crow was a problem to be solved gradually as byrnes put it, by the white people of the south. theseeing how intransigent tension between his northern and southern flanks were, roosevelt chose not to place the assistant president on the ticket with him in 1944. the assistant president would not become roosevelt spice president. -- vice president. he turned instead to the border state moderate harry truman. bynes was really embittered roosevelt's spurning of his --didacy and he had a very tense relationship with truman. -- he earned time magazine's man of the year 1947 nation.ping a nervous but when truman made assaults on the ramparts of jim crow by integrating the armed services and by supporting the naacp suit against segregation in public his tiesbyrnes cut with the president. it was this extension of the new deal civil rights above all that aroused byrnes successful pursuit of south carolina's in 1950.hip four years into his term as governor, he became the leader of a massive resistance to the 1954 landmark case brown vers

whites and colored jim crow signs.his sign dismayed by mourners. >> one side reeds uncle abe, we shan't forget you. and the other reads our country shall be one country. >> signatuit's not about the fl anthem. it's about ensuring justice. my hope is people who has the exhibit will be challenged. these items are hard facts. and they cannot be denied. therein lies their real value. >> great piece by joy reid. we'll show you the tweet that was deleted because he thought he was bragging about the new tax cut. >>> koik relief. "saturday night live's" take on the president's morning routine. >> president trump, how are you? >> hey, big guy. >> sir, it is such an honor. thank you for taking time out of your busy schedule. >> yes. i'm so busy. i'm saving the economy, destroying isis and right now i'm getting my daily intelligence briefing. >> from who? >> from you guys. >>> house speaker paul ryan is facing a twitter backlash for using the story of a high school secretary earning an extra $1.50 a week to flaunt the success of

inquisition people committed terrible deeds in the name of christ and in our home isntry slavery and jim crowll too often justified in the name of christ "-- christ." are you saying that we deserve to this? that it is our turn at the stake of barbarity? he arrived just in time. inspired,eded to be but we needed a new agenda, when we needed someone we could look up to. we were desperate. tired of being told by the fbi and department of justice that all was well when hillary clinton with the foundation with the emails with fast and furious and everything is on the up and up. not youre, he was politically correct standard candidate. [applause] yes. and iare some centered had to think through my opening -- some saturday nights i had to think through my opening. he is my friend and he has been for 25 years. i am so proud that he will change the course of american .istory he was never satisfied with the status quo, unlike those in washington. he not only wanted to make america great again, he wanted to make us proud of being a part of that great america again. the washington insiders and the mainst

inquisition people committed terrible deeds in the name of christ, and in our home country, slavery and jim crowas all too often justified in the name of christ." weight. -- wait. are you saying we deserved this? but it is our turn at the stake of barbarity? oh, yeah. he arrived just in time, when we needed to be inspired. when we needed a new agenda. when we needed someone that we can look up to. we were desperate for equal justice. told thatred of being all was well with hillary clinton, with the emails. and everything is on the up and up. not youre, he was politically correct standard candidate. there are some saturday nights i had to really think through my opens. i'm so proud that we will change the course of american history. overachiever. he was never satisfied with the status quo, unlike those in washington. he really not only wanted to make america great again, he wanted to make us proud of being a part of that great america again. [applause] the washington insiders and mainstream media ideologues tagged him with every negative characterization they could. why? because he is the cleares

the penitent gery really didn't exist in the south until after reconstruction failed and when that jim crow laws were passed over them except for the exception of tennessee if you were not in a contract with the sharecropper you could get 30 days to life imprisonment and so the states were then refilled with those that wanted

no one would have predicted the civil rights movement would be so successful in overturning jim crowquickly as it did. gay marriage is the most recent reform. a year boyfriend efore it happee would have predicted. we don't yet know if we're living through one of these moments but it would not be a shot. >> it does bring a smile to my face, because you want to cling onto something that's hopeful. yet, i think you say that people have a tendency to be nostalgic, to absorb all the negativity and pessimism and not really direct themselves in the optimistic direction. >> our heads tend to be turned by the horrific images of the day. we often forget the horrible wars like iran/iraq, the soviets in afghanistan, which killed hundreds of millions, splaced massive numbers of refugees. we think the violence we see today is perhaps new or worsening. whereas if you look at all of the wars of the past and every year you count the number of wars, you see that overall there has been progress. it hasn't been steady progress. there have been ups and downs. but by and large the trend has been downward

whites and colored jim crow signage. by mourners at president lincoln's funeral procession in 1865. >> the lincoln funeral banner, one side reads, uncle abe, we shall not forget you. the other side reads our country shall be one country. >> he actually teared up when he saw the lincoln funeral banner. >> well, because it does transport you back to the time of lincoln's death. >> reporter: the exhibit is titled testify. and within it, a testify station. >> this is where he worked and wrote his opinions people are writing essays on the reaction to this exhibit. >> yes, we shall be one eventually. >> reporter: signifying the importance of hope aemployed today's discord. compounded by a president who has defended white supremacists and started a campaign against nfl players protesting racial injustice. >> even though we've come a long way, there seems to be an effort to trach us backwards. and this administration, by everything i can see, seems to be bound and determined to be a part of that regression. it's not about the fl

del: so this hotel also served as a jim crow hotel. world with groups of outsiders. it was during one of those tours a young female drug dealer called out to del. del: she came over and said, "del, what are you telling those white folks? i hope you're telling them we don't wanna be doing this. hope you're telling them that we need to put pampers on our babies just like they do but they don't let us in twitter. they don't let us in apple. so we gotta do this crazy stuff we're doing. hope you're telling them that. and that, dell, i know you want me off this corner. what do you want me to do? where do you want me to go?" del: this class is in session here. garvin: del didn't have an answer then but does now. that's because soon after, he started code tenderloin, a job training program for those who want to do what he did. del says in the past few years they've placed dozens in good-paying jobs. and del, once infamous in this neighborhood, is now in demand. the "mayor" of the tenderloin some call him. del says he still regrets all those ye

hall of ft,e, wendell sceflects on what it was like for his father to race in the south during the jim crowera. >> he started racing in95 1 and it was like picasso, a great artist doing his work. he was in his cardoing his work. he couldn't get the support from other drivers he was competing against, mor sponsorship. he wasn't allowed to race in certain speed ways and he had death threats not to come toat lanta. and then said look, that's what i've got to do i've got to race. i remember him racing in jacksonville and he beat them all. they didn't drop the checkered flag. wh t they did drop checkered flag my father was in third place. there was a white beauty queenal and theays kissed the driver. the trophy was gone, the fans were gone, the beauty queens were gone. there. >>tid he ever consider no never.anymore? that was what my dad was saying, too tough for others, just right r me. they were racing the atlanta 500, he was sick needhaed to ve an operation. i said daddy, are we going to race today? he said lift me up i'm going to get in that car. he raced 500 miles are that day. for years nob

illegal i mean you know all most of these people don't forget grew up you know at the end of the jim crow era that are still in power i mean i think the twenty eighteen elections are going to be about you know the politics of women and progressivism and democratic socialism versus the politics of dog whistles and white supremacy fair enough so let's talk about women in politics because that sam's there is a groundswell of activity amongst women in politics the very active all over the country and is this trend of course after the may two movement and after a lot of controversy the twenty six election involving trump is going to now say a wave of women in office and what does that portend randi we're going to see a with a wave of women running for office and then my sumption is a number of these women will win and what we're going to see is the change of values that are implemented in washington and state capitals and county seats across this country because women tend to look at issues a bit differently than men and there are gender differences in this and i think that's a good thing i me

beautiful yes but couldn't you push the we're going to push we'll see you in particular jim crow was put on this material to manage and i do you know because you know i'm on the fringe of the story you know supposed to start or. so from them you know some of the use of them was one of them spoke of the. you know c.d.'s so you'll still. to come susan you put yellow to some of the so you have them shows cynical this is a police ideation. people still accomplishes to keep the well what you could give one that would usually beautiful when they should be see would you do you see each of those pose in terms of the beautiful it would mean it was a little bit so. if you were the states it was going to. keep the mystic prizes shelling strong miracles supremest the north from the outside world from russia from china from the inside those sides missing what you see now on the wrong russia and there is. no rush to. psychos or go to a list on the bill of times to find somebody outside the united states will is responsible for the while the real problem is the stuff. that. certain i want to do thi

the story of so much black america, escaping jim crow, finding opportunity and that is how i became a >> host: your mother's family were free blacks. >> guest: my mother was descended from a biracial woman who came over 17 something, half irish, half black, came over indentured servant, worked on james madison's plantation, married, my father's line comes from barbados which is a sugar plantation in ireland and the american south, georgia and florida. >> host: does ralph ellison's invisible man holdout? >> last time i read it was eight years ago. i taught it. a marvelous book. i'm in a concise stage, lost a few words in that sermon, but i mentioned it being a revelation for me as a teenager and i remember in the first section that opened the book was accepted in my seventh grade primer of american short stories. i was reading fantastic literature and so much absurdity opening the scene, i felt kinship. it was important to me when i was younger. a real sort of inspiration. >> host: what do you get from this book? >> guest: an ecstatic american -- loving, cool, on twitter, retweet howel

[laughter] so so many people were escaping jim crow that is how i became a new yorker.your mother's family were free blacks? >> one side descended from a biracial woman who came over half white irish and half black jimenez indentured servants to work on james madison's farm and hard eight kids and they were free. my father's line comes from barbados as a sugar plantation that the american south in georgia and florida. i taught that eight years ago it is a marvelous book but i mentioned it was a revelation -- a revelation for la as a teenager. it was an excerpt and upriver to the american short stories and there is so much absurdities that i felt a real kinshipns. >>host: what did you get from allen ginsberg? that american voice of tragic and sarcastic and loving and cruel and on twitter he read tweets lines from howell or watching the news on twitter and then the three lines from howell pop up. a series of impressionistic essays at hopefully to reach that voice from ginsberg or waltan whitman. >>host: from "the underground railroad" the divine thread connecting all huma

be illegal i mean you know most of these people don't forget grew up you know at the end of the jim crow era that are still in power i mean i think the twenty eight elections are going to be about you know the politics of women and progressivism and democratic socialism versus the politics of dog whistles and white supremacy fair enough so let's talk about women in politics because they say and there is a groundswell of activity amongst women in politics the very active all over the country and is this trend of course after the may two movement and after a lot of controversy the twenty six election involving trump is going to now say a wave of women in office and what does that portend randi we're going to see a with a wave of women running for office and then my assumption is a number of these women will win and what we're going to see is the change of values that are implemented in washington and state capitals and county seats across this country because women tend to look at issues a bit differently than men and there are gender differences in this and i think that's a good thing i m

beautiful he has good new push to talk to the press will see the promoter jim crow was put on this material to manage and i do you know because you know i'm on the bridge with the story of the place to start a. certain demeanor will sometimes i use in the muslim even some of the video. you'll see us so you'll see a little. susan you go with somebody else but you're going to shows you who pulls to the police when you should just be busting the most of them so just to take a well look you could say yeah well you know what usually beautiful when they should be pursuing news this is each of us knows told me of some good that you know the boy told me it was a woman so. this is charlie munger his approach to economic slow bold blow bubbles for wells fargo bail out wells fargo bail out the tourist charlie munger i warm up it turns the word. that just. certain i want to do things that show everybody is really trying to be very clear right. away go to. management. and they on they they when they up and they have the new. scheme you need to feel very. soft yeah i'm them what do you how to become a ce

it's all the way back on reconstruction and jim crow so. yeah i mean that's that's that's a that's a fine buzzword to put out there but if we're going to think about this historically speaking why are so many people so easily kind of manipulated into into feeling like they need weapons and guns to protect themselves you know it's because this country has a history of brutal violence against a lot of people and like i said we're at a point where we're trying to redesign it. to get an american people is going to be . to russian athletes who have been stripped of their olympic bronze medals in curling by the court of arbitration for sports after one of them tested positive for a banned substance to try to go as the latest from south korea where the winter games are taking place so cas is officially saying that the first ever russian medal in curling that was won by the oh they are mixed deal will now have to be taken away from them the announcement comes just about fifteen hours after alexander crucial lead ski who's both doping test samples t

actually, it was the laws of the jim crow era that did that. no one has yet shown that general lee descended from his monumental horse in shore lotsville to burn crosses alongs the blue ridge at night. what is cultural only becomes literally threatening and what offense, what is offensive only becomes literally lethal when it is translated into regulations. by the same token however, removals of offensive speakers or offensive public art become more than merely sympathetic and pitying responses to bad taste. they are a practical and aggressive strategy, under the cover of appeals to cultural offense. for suppressing political disagreement. and since the goal of the dissent is the destabilization of a political order, it should come as no surprise that the cultural rage of the confederate monument activists often shades over into furious condemnations of the entirety of american history. it is not merely confederate generals who have become targets. christchurch in alexandria, virginia, decided last month to remove the plaque marking the pew onc

you know black america, escaping jim crow, funding opportunity. i became a new yorker. >> host: i read in an interview that your mothers family were free blocks. >> guest: one of my mothers side descended from a woman named sally madden. came over around 17 something. she was half white irish, half black. came over as an indentured servant and worked on james madison's farm, plantation. and those kids were playing and they had kids. married, yeah. that line and my father's line comes from barbados. which is a sugar plantation island. and the american south. georgia and florida. >> host: does ralph ellison, invisible man hold up? speech elastomer heard it years ago, i taught it. it is really a marvelous book. i will sort of -- could have lost a few words in the sermon in the early part of the book but i mentioned being a revelation for me as a teenager. i remember reading the first section of battle royale. it was asserted in seventh grade and american short stories. and at that point i was reading fantastic literature. and there was so much absurd

slavery, jim crowe and the civil rights movement.cts that are arresting, to sculptures. timothy, the american art curator. >> one of the most powerful and moving things they share in common is the use of cast-off objects. the things that everybody else threw away in the culture, many of these artists took and then made other people's garbage into works of fine art. one of the most extraordinary art forms is art made from roots and branches. the forest was a place of safety and sanctuary. if you were enslaved, you would go there to run away. but it's also a place where you could have prayer services. many of the artists in the african-american tradition go to the forest and use roots and branches that they then form into sculptures. every object even like trees have a spirit in them. so if you take these objects that have spirits in them and make art out of them, they still carry that spirit. one artist says i go to the trees and i ask them to tell me what they want to be, what kind of sculpture they would like to be. >> reporter: out

they say the school is honoring the legacy of the jim crow south..ing a very different story...( vo &banner ) and a woman reported as missing in northern california turns up - and she's doing just fine, thanks. the unusual and 'very' visible place where she was spotted... stay with us for the news at nine...next. . (steve) new tonight at 9... a laptop was stolen at gunpoint from the hands of an east bay woman sitting on her front porch. (steve) good evening i'm steve aveson. and i'm catherine heenan. the brazen armed robbery happened in the quiet town of albany. (catherine) that's where we find kron 4's ella sogomonian - live at the albany police department.ella what are police telling you? even the police here find this unusual. the home where this happened is nestled in the hills of a fairly quiet neighborhood. a sergeant says he's heard of laptops stolen at east bay cafes but never off someone's front porch. (nats) homeowners on this albany block of sonoma avenue say they chose to live here because it is safe.

for the aclu in california in the early 2000's she noticed a trend she wrote a book called the new jim crow which is incredibly powerful and influential book in detail the negative effects of america incarcerating a wider percentage of black africans band africa had with apartheid. so she demands action for social justice to stop the mass jailing of nonviolent black male offenders that is a renewed form of segregation. this is an incredibly important argument so as the adjusted legalization is the answer to the problems to mention the words legalization wants and say it ought to be legalized but that occurs along with a long other list of recommendations so her book is not a call for legalization but showing about the problematic system. instead looking at a social justice issue with the new generation of activists with a 20 year history of the medicine and essentially see that as a concrete step to do something to equalize the playing field. in fact social justice is the most powerful argument for legalization yet everyone from republican right leaning to the lieutenant governor of califor

i went on to pick up michelle alexander's book, the new jim crow.mass incarceration -- this had risen out of the ashes of the last one that others fought so hard to dismantle. i became an advocate and the youngest member and spokesperson of a 200 member in the mass incarceration to end the war on drugs. after a few historic successes on that front, i saw a talk on the corrupting influence of big money and politics. and it did not take long for me to see that no matter how many advances we would make locally, and then, to the executive branch, we continue to face diminishing returns. due to the big money interests that blocked necessary legislative reform that most americans actually support. this was not just the case for criminal justice reform. but it remains true for issues across the gamut of public interest. a living wage, free college education, medicare for all, daca, immigration reform, the list goes on! then november to any -- 2016 happen. an election so big you had to step back just beyond the eco-chamber just to see it. a broken democracy

. >> as a great granddaughter of a former slave, and a survivor of jim crow, much of her writing centeredlifelong struggle for equality, and a basic appeal to man's higher nature. but it is not been easy. having lived so long, and experienced so much, perhaps the most amazing thing about betty is the usefulness of her outlook on life. >> she has seen so many changes. >> it is my honor to present to you, the president of the united states. barack obama. >> how could she have ever guessed that she would one day share a stage with our first african-american president? >> that he acknowledges the challenges, but does not fear the future, because she has been an eyewitness in the past.>> every day is a fresh canvas. and i think that may be the way that i have lived my whole life. >> authoring a book may seem like a way to rapidly life, but that is not really that he's style, considered instead as just the next stop on an ongoing journey. in oakland, john ramose, kpix 5 news. >> she has many great years ahead. yelp is out with his top 100 places to eat for 2018. a few bay area restaurants made

montgomery after the bus boycott and spend more of her life in the north, detroit, fighting the racism of jim crowan early opponent of vietnam. alongside other detroit activists about already come income inequality, segregation, urban, police brutality, she served on a people's tribunal after the 1967 detroit uprising because of the police brutality during the uprising and because of the police killllings of thre young men atat a motel that pole are not indicted for your the newspapers are not following the case and the people of detroit, the people'sribunato hold the police accountable, rosa parks is on the jury of the tribunal with black power movement. her life, her political life is more expensive than we -- then one day on the bus. is "a title of your bus more beautiful and terrible history." explain. >> it is taken from james baldwin where he says american history is longer, larger, more various, more beautiful, more terrible than anything anyone has ever said about it. i chose the title because reckoning with this history is more terrible and more sober, more uncomfortable, it asks them to

he never would've gone for the jim crow type of government.ellow americans, i am about to sign into law the civil rights act of 1964. >> gold: goldwater voted against the civil rights act of 1964. he had voted for both the civil rights acts in the '50s. he was told at that time, by people like everett dirksen, "barry, if you vote for this bill, it will kill any presidential chance." >> thank you. thanks a lot. thank you. >> r. goodwin: if goldwater really wanted to antagonize all black americans, he picked a good way to do it. johnson saw it as a political opportunity, which indeed it was. >> also maybe scary, though. because he knew he was losing a large part of the democratic south, and that goldwater would appeal to the very base that would have been his base. so it was both a moment of opportunity and a moment of peril. >> man: "we represent the majority of the people in alabama who hate niggerism, catholicism, judaism, and all the isms of the whole world," so said robert creel of the alabama ku klux klan. he also said, "i like barry goldw

i and hink back, under the pressures of jim crow segregation, with all of these negative signals arounda did not accept them, that's quite a trick that tho parents pulled off. and it almost always came down to if you could be educated, then you had a kind of armor against prejudice, you had a kind of armor against barriers to opportunity. and so, for black american families, education became the holy grail. [rooster crows] john wesley rice senior, my grandfather, was a sharecropper's son in greene county, alabama. hiemother was a freed slav who had taught him how to read, and he decides llhe's gonna go to coe. so he saved up his cotton, and ent off to stillman in tuscaloosa, paid for his first year of college, got through it, and then they said, "so, how are you gonna pay for your second year?" he said, "well, i'm out of cton." and they said, "well, you're out of luck." he says to te m, "so, how are thosboys going to college?" w they said, "welt you have to understand is, "they have what's called a scholarship, "and if you wanted to bepre, then you could have a scholarship, too." and my

codes, going to the black codes, and then eventually the redemption governments come along and enact jim crow. all of those things were designed to try to bring southern society back to where it was without the mechanism of legalized slavery. that is what they wanted and that is what andrew johnson gave them hopes that they could have. so the president is in office. he's being recalcitrant as i said, everything he can to thwart the efforts of transforming society and they try to push back by enacting a law that said he could not remove people without people being appointed without advise and consent of the senate could not remove them without permission from the approval of the senate. and it's the tenure of office act, an act that was probably unwise. but at the moment they were desperate because everything they were doing, they were passing legislation, he was vetoing it, overriding it, and he was doing things administratively to thwart it instead of taking care of the laws, taking care that the laws were faithfully executed. he was not doing that. he was pushing back in all the -- asking p