term jim crow army. can you explain what you mean by that? was, at this point, as it would be up until nearly in many 1940's and instances, after segregation. which is to say african-american troops were in segregated units. they have by and large white officers. there was a tiny handful of black officers who had gone to a segregated officers training camp. by and large, the military leadership was so opposed to the idea of having black officers that there are officers were often demoted or in charge of labor battalion. they had their own experience and most soldier served beneath the leadership. how were they treated in the arrests -- >> how are they treated? adriane: in the united states and camped all over the u.s., but especially in southern camps during this period. white southerners and local towns are very worried about the effects that black soldiers popular.e on their they are worried about the effects that blacks voters might have on the jim crow order, the order of segregation. in thelead up to -- debates over constrictions, the le

the talk about the difficulty of fighting for democracy in a jim crow army. and they talk about the investments of many of their fellow white soldiers and making sure that they do not have rising expectations for their own citizenship rights after world war i. they also talk a lot about how france has opened up the world for them in a variety of different ways. their experience with french people fighting alongside the colonial troops of color, for a segment that was given over to the french army for this duration of the war, fighting under commanders who do not have the same kind of investment in american white supremacy, it often made them realize that the world could be, and in some places was very different from the racial system and orders of power that they had to experience for most of their lives. >> you use the term jim crow army. can you explain what you mean by that? >> the army was, at this point, as it would be up until nearly the late 1940's and in many instances, after segregation. which is to say african-american troops were in segregated unit

we're also joined by michelle alexander, author of "the new jim crow."an, talk about this new way of life. it is your nonprofit. anand what it is you are d doing with women who are coming out of prison right now. >> a new way of life is a safe house that women can come to after their release from prison in south los angeles. it is a place for women to detox the trauma, the torture of incarceration, be welcomed d and embrbraced and live and begin their nupathe to -- new path if it is to recovery or receiving mental health services, go back to school, get their children back, whatever their r goals are wewe support them to obtain n te goals. that we spend $60,000, $70,000, $80,000 he to incarcerate somomeone for mininr drugug charges or petty crimemed then put them on a bus and send them back to skid row without id, without government papers after years of torture and trauma inside of a prison system , and sasay "go makeke a life fr thatr selves" and give them $200 and nothing else. -- andriminal in such such a waste of not only financial resources, but hu

jim crow society was established north and south in the united states and the west for that matter.he tradition of response to that jim crow society, of efforts to expand civil rights for african americans had continued since the late 19 century well through the early parts of the 20th entry. juste 1950's and 60's, after world war ii where african-americans served in the military and came home to a segregated society that did not accept them entirely, the notion of a concerted biracial movement grew and took on more added energy and strength. on the other side of this white instances of have violence against african-americans who were act is in the civil rights movement before there was a civil rights movement. in the 1940's and 50's, act of us constantly tried to put pressure on white society to allow greater civil activity for african-american, he got right, but particularly voting rights. one of the major proponents of voting rights in florida was hairy more and his wife, harry at. they were active in the civil rights movement. oath of them were educators and registered many afri

movement in the chronically bound sense that we think of it and it starts at the moment when, you know, jim crowe legislation is being dismantled. huge up in the northern cities and the fight comes to northern cities where essentially the fight is lost. i mean, you get the fair housing act, in some ways it's a high water mark, but then you have the busing fights and you get what you get. you get essentially a society that gives up on the project of desegregation as a social. and there are dozens of court decisions that whittle away from it, parent involve almost makes it impossible to create a desegregation theme voluntarily through a school district, through the abandonment of fair housing legislation, everybody. like the enforcement of it, right? so what facilitates this, we have each other living near each other. we've given up on desegregation and in its places, we'll put corralling and controlling. and a big thing i've come to believe in writing this book, if it should be a priority to revive desegregation, explicitly in those terms as a social project. >> after words airs saturday at 10 p.m

that of course was the jim crow era. again, african-americans were abandoned by federal government and allowed to be virtually free enslaved by white supremacists. >> you can watch this and other programs online at the tv .org back. [inaudible conversations]

because mexico had no jim crow, it had no segregation.as of course in 1909 had segregation virtually all aspects of life to keep the so call races separate from one another. so one of questions come up they would have to reshuffle the passengers when they crossed the border. so the, it means that the border then as now has this he question where issues about identity are really becoming salient in everyday life because you have to figure out who is this person and where am i going to categorize them because of this process traveling a few feet from one side of the border to the other. a few other details to make the excerpt make sense, the train duty through the border at negras, on the other side would be the town of eagle pass, texas. the train itself is called aztec limited this is deluxe train that came from mexico city. with that should be enough to get you through this. let me read a short excerpt for you. for the passengers aboard the aztec limited crossing the border was a once routine yet momentous. after the train journeyed athe

particularly, this is the birth of jim crowe. it's also going on. the federal government has backed up. the south is able to begin to do what it does. part of that again makes itself real and is supported by the federal -- by obviously the supreme court of the united states, several members of whom were still very much and closely related to the south or confederate sympathetic. rural ferguson, 1896, this is the period where we see, again, the memorial period, jim crowe era, they are happening simultaneously on the landscape. it is a reassertion, a powerful reassertion of white supremacy, and these monuments are also going up at the same time. is it any wonder then that people's views of them may not be unariffic. is it any idea that for some from the very beginning these are not things to celebrate, that they in fact could be powerful, powerful and painful images of oppression. we would not see another surge in monuments like that until the late 1940s and 1950s, which is sort of the second wave if you will. and again, what's interesting about that,

segregation and disenfranchisement, jim crow was the rule of the south and the informal role for much of the rest of the country. every two or three days and african-american was lynched somewhere in the south. that basically happens every two or three days for decades. 1900, chinese immigrants were banned from the u.s., and places like ellis island where less places of entry than places of exclusion. places that guarded and secured and maintained the integrity, you know, often explicitly defined as the racial purity of our borders. the u.s. was, 1900, an imperial power with territories that stretched from san juan to manila. a person with dark skin was as likely to be a colonial subject as a citizen. so from 1865 to 1900, from emancipation to empire. this is a quick and stunning turn of our sense of america and the purpose and direction of its government. in our current pivot from one administration to another, i think there are lots of lessons that we can draw from these decades after reconstruction. because a lot of the struggles, a lot of the ideas in conflict are the same. so my

classludes the celebrating their 50th anniversary and who marched and fought for justice when jim crow was still the law of the land. [applause] sen. harris: it includes people like charles hamilton houston and thurgood marshall. [applause] who are among mine and your inspirations for going to law school. that eachs proven generation of power graduates will forge the way forward for our country and our world. now, graduates, it is your turn. let's look at the world you are now entering. you are graduating into a very different time than it was when you arrived, a few short years ago. you are graduating into a time when we see a revival of the failed war on drugs and a renewed reliance on mandatory minimum prison sentences. people who young were brought to america as children fear of midnight knock on their door. throwing millions of working people off of their health insurance to give tax rates to the top 1% is considered a victory to some. a time when we worry that a late-night tweet could start a war. believehen we no longer the words of some of our leaders and where the integrity of

jeff sessions, the man who wallowed through jim crow like it was a ballet, he knows nothing but racism. he's trying to eliminate president obama's era, but it's not going to work. i hope the states reject everything he puts out. here is a man that probably has a little black jockey in his backyard that he is hiding. he has no business being -- host: let's hold off with speculation about his backyard -- caller: he is a racist. when you are a racist you have things like that. host: tell me what you think he is a racist. caller: he comes from my home state of alabama, race land. ask any of the people what his agenda was when he was there. he is an attorney general for the wrong time. i don't know what you're he thinks he is -- what era he thinks he is in. he wants to go back in time. with the drug charges? we are trying not to put people in jail for having a joint or something,a nd you want to do something about drugs? you put people in rehab, not in jail, which is what he wants to do. just wants to go back in time. and most people, you will have the democrats who can't stand him, republi

but hundreds of african would come from miles around and sit in those jim crow balconies. marshall said it was just as important to show them that an african-american sitting in court arguing with the judge and prosecutor over the law -- most of the blacks who showed up had never seen a black person in court who was not a defendant. marshall felt it was just as important to really demonstrate what was possible, this hope that was possible. he became the living proof of that. he went on to become the first african-american supreme court justice. his trajectory came from his time when he was known as mr. civil rights until he became a supreme court justice. nermeen: gilbert king, what do you think the significance is? the grovelandead, four are dead. what is the significance of florida now issuing an apology? >> i think what is really significant is for the longest time, stories like this lingered from the point of view of the sheriff. if you look at what the version that stuck in florida was that these were the rapist, convicted in court, and they attacked the sheriff and t

this is lyndon johnson who in the united states is putting and end to jim crow segregation. when it comes to these people on the other side of the world -- he says i will send american boys to die so that those people over there who don't even look like us, they get the same chance that we have the scent -- -- that we americans have here. i don't care how many mistakes lyndon johnson has made in his life, the fact that he could do that and stand up on that point of common humanity, to me means he is an admirable man. >> i'm going to read two or three of the questions that came from our audience. just give you some time and think about them. one of them relates to this relationship between the grade -- the great society, johnson's the mystic vision, you pointed out william fulbright from arkansas. they were pretty close and came to a division in the 1960's. the biographer of gene mccarthy dominant sandberg says the senate foreign relations committee became a salon for developing conversations of antiwar activities. one of the questions is, conventional holes but johnson belie

starts at the moment of the peak victories of the civil right movement and starts at the moment when jim crow discrimination and segregation is being dismantled. huge flights happening in northern cities. and the fight comes to northern cities where essentially the fight is lost. you get the fair housing act which is in some ways a high water mark. but then you have the busing fights and you get essentially a society that gives up on the project of desegregation of a social project through a million different decisions, through dozens of court decisions that widdle away including recent ones like parents involved which essentially makes it almost impossible to create a desegregation scheme voluntarily for a school district, through the abandonment of fair housing legislation often. like the enforcement of it; right? so what facilitates this is we have people living near each other and given up on the project of desegeration so we will put in the project of corralling and controlling. like, that to me is -- and a big thing i have come to believe in writing this book is that like it is actually

i'm looking at the book written by michelle alexander a law professor called the new jim crow, mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. it tells us that the criminal justice system is dead to a very large extent for the imprisonment of blacks. it sets up this bad feeling between blacks and whites and let me say again that black lives matter as meaning that people just what to tend to skip over. time and again month after month white policeman have killed blacks, not only men but women and children and it gotten away with it. the criminal justice system has allowed it. it has created a bad feeling between blacks and whites. accob >> guest: accountability is a big part of this issue. people watch the news. they see what's happening and they see that a police officer who clearly may have been in some sort of violation in terms of these police shootings is not prosecuted and a lot of these studies by the justice department and other groups have found that accountability for police actions that are unlawful has been lacking so to move forward, part of this is accountability, holding police off

>> well, i told myself a long time ago growing up in the south, under jim crow laws that there's not a whole lot you can do about it by acting out, you just show people that you can do the job and you can do it better than anybody else. >> yeah. >> and that's what i did. >> yeah. >> and that's what i continue to do. >> but, i can only imagine even with all the technology, technological advances where we tease and laffer and say the planes basically fly themselves and you all are taking naps up in the sock pit until you wake up and land the plane -- that's a joke. but all jokes aside, there's an extreme amount of pressure on pilots. >> yeah. >> you have a lot of lives in your hands and i never take this lightly. i say a prayer every time i take off and i thank you god prarm every time i land. >> i travel all the time because it's never lost on me that from takeoff to landing we've ooen even seen incidents where people where the planes have land and have incidents on the runway after they get on the ground and people still die. i'm grateful every time i land and can walk off the termin

the movement in the sort of chronological sense we think of it and it starts at the moment when jim crow discrimination is being dismantled, huge flight in the northern cities in the flight comes to the new york cities where it is lost. you get the fair housing act at the then essentially you get the society that gives up on the project of the desegregation as a project through a million different decisions and dozens of decisions that would allow way. involved which makes it almost impossible to create this scheme for the district with the abandonment of the fair housing legislation like the enforceme enforcement. so, what facilitates this is okay, we have people living near each other. so in its place we will put the project of corralling and controlling. and i've come to believe in writing this book that it is actually a priority to revise and necessitate the desegregation in those terms as a social project. >> host: because we are divided into separate, it seems like that fear of the unknown played out in the most recent election in the kind of rhetoric and make america great again.

. >> this man was not allowed to go to the university of south carolina because of jim crow laws. he said it wasn't out of the goodness of anybody's heart that the confederate flag came down. it took a horrific incident for people to realize the confederate flag is a symbol of hate. dr. jeremiah with confederate statutes. >> they should be removed. >> both of them agree it is important to teach history and teach all of history. >> the war settled once and for all, the question of slavery. it settled once and for all who has sovereignty. who has sovereignty. the states or the nation. obviously, the nation. you can't bypass the civil war. it is like a big mountain. no matter where you go, that shadow of that war and what it did, it is the bloodiest struggle in all of our history. >> they both actually came together and decided they were not really very far apartment they wanted to make sure history is told and that we learned about the people who made america what it is today. but we need to learn about all of it. >> if you would like to hear nor from the historians peggy talked wit

. >> this era of of peak victories of the civil-rights movement starts at the moment when jim crow discrimination in huge flight is up to the northern cities so you have the fair housing act which is the high water mark so essentially you get to a society that gives the past segregation as a social project through other municipal decisions through dozens of court decisions and makes that almost impossible for school district voluntarily with the abandonment of fair housing legislation often. so what facilitates all of this if we have people living near each other so in his place they will be crawling and controlling and a big thing that i have come to believe in writing this book is that actually it should be a priority have desegregation explicitly in those terms. she had a great sense of humor not just with a sense of humor but to make a point and also to put people at these you can imagine how i felt we did the president for the first time they were nervous and he would use humor to break the i.c.e. to make them comfortable even in beatings he where abuse stories to make a point maybe with a l

their motherland, keeping them in bondage with the brutality of american sale -- of american slavery jim crow, segregation, , redlining, the school to prison pipeline and the over incarceration of people of color. [applause] >> naming these buildings for isaac hawkins and anne marie becraft is a beginning of our journey together toward healing from the jesuits of georgetown's legacy of slavery just as , georgetown is rewriting its history by making amends, it must be responsible for telling its history for making sure that others understand what truly happened to bring this university into existence and how we can all move forward together by one continuing to educate its students about their history and with slavery, and as we mentioned, this building, these buildings will forever be a marker to continue that education. forming linkages with other universities to continue to work toward healing, working with other archival's, wait a minute, let that pass. working with other archival entities to preserve and share the rich bounty of documents from the archives, and by working with the descend

one possible case with the attraction ofjustice, if it was proven that donald trump asked jim crow mechael flynn. -- james comey. in the statutory, obstruction of justice, not only are you in a position where you are impeding somebody carrying out their response abilities but it is also about whether they bribe that individual, specific intent, the resident would have had to specifically intended not only to impede james comey and his investigation but also bribe them as well, ice on the evidence i have heard so far, the facts in the case do not seem to meet the case that the president of the united states could have done that. let's be clear, you are a republican, you have conversations with this white house but often you have been critical of donald trump, so when donald trump tweets out this morning, using his own language, that this is the greatest witchhunt in history... is there something there, that he is the subject of an unfairamount of there, that he is the subject of an unfair amount of investigation, do you think, and pressure from democrats? you know, it shouldn't matter,

my first book was say history of the color line really a progression from slavery to freedom and jim crow with three able to generation goals in the main figure the main character in the book those who were born a slave from the master to feed him to be raised by quaker abolitionist. and then in the bureau from washington d.c. to researching and story i'll look over the up howard paper to see if there was correspondence and most were clustered during the heyday and then there was a 10 year gap address to oliver otis howard important organ that says dear general howard i am raising money for a political movement called the negro exodus raising money to relocate african-americans from the south to points north and west. do you think washington territory is a good place to resettle african-americans?. >> howard was from maine and washington insider what was he doing in portland? so at that point i started wondering chief joseph was what i was aware of and with the children's biography it was called chief joseph gardiner of the people. so what is our were doing in the northwest? and could he

which is, how could these two people go down this path and think they could get away with it in the jim crow south of the 1950s and '60s? and the answer is, they didn't think they were important enough to be bothered or to bother anyone. - right, although, they knew, as it's been pointed out, not only in connection with your film, but it's been pointed out in the telling of the actual story, they went to washington to get married because they couldn't get married in virginia. they at least were aware of the barriers-- - richard was. - richard was, so the lives that they wanted to lead, so they went to washington to get married. then they return. - [jeff] correct. - the police bust in on them at night. the fact that they're legally married, in terms of washington d.c.'s-- - does not matter. - doesn't make a difference. - but there's an interesting point there, actually, and it's a fact that told me a lot about richard loving. he hung his marriage certificate up. - up on the wall. - he framed it. and that was, you know, that story had been told by several people many times and that was a fact,

a history of our progression from slavery, to freedom to jim crow. it is told through three multi generati generational stories. one of the families, characters in the book, was man born a slave, moved to ohio, had an unusual father who was his faster who freed him and then wound up after the war working in freedman's bureau in washington d.c. researching his story, i looked in the otis oliver howard papers to see if there was correspondence and there were a bunch of great letters and most were clustered during the hey day of the freedman's bureau, 1876-1878. the letter said hope you are doing well. i am raising money for a political movement called the negro exodus helping relocate americans from the south to points north and west and do you think washington territory would be a good place to resettle african-americans. i thought to myself, howard was from maine, he was a washington insider, you know? what was he doing in portland, oregon. at that point, i just started wondering chief joseph was in the nez perce war was something i was aware of it.

let me tell you about jim crow and segregation. let me tell you about a movement that fought for your free met -- freedom. martin luther king died for you to be free. and what he did not die for was for you to be running and gunning into thinking and embarrassing your community in your family. so you might get that second chance one day but right now you will go to oak hill. and ever since that day in court and many days like them as i came to see the people like judge walker were not unique there were many of them. it caused me to stop and ask the question how was this that this community came to lock up so many of its own. the answer is in the book. i know your neck in the let me out of here until i at least give you a preview. let me tell you some of the main arguments of the book. the first thing we have to understand is crime interdiction and violence in the toll that it took on this community and still takes but especially in the 1960s and again in the 1980s. washington dc and the harm is , zeit rate tripled. it doubled in cl

indianapolis with a few older, black people who remember crosses being burned on months for whom jim crow was every bit as real as jesus christ. he did amazing things. within ten years, jim jones virtually single-handed integrated one of the most racist major cities in america and he is doing this 15 years before the civil rights act makes it mandatory. i have talked to old people in indianapolis who say that without jeweled lives would have been worthless and they do not care what they did later. did he believe in god then? i cannot tell you. what i can tell you that in the name of god he accomplished the kinds of great things that would come if he would have been hit by a car and killed the 1950s, would make him remember today is one of the heroes of the early civil rights movement and he would have deserved it. later, he saying i never believed in god at all, i only used it to bring people in to follow me and to get a social platform. we talk about him and we remember only the awful and. but, let's also consider this is a man who also in his early career to more good than almost anybod

then another 100 years they were under apartheid which is called jim crow. >> derek mohammad says enough is enough. workers walked off the job calling it a health and safety issue. >> it was abut ensuring the company would take action to keep this from happening in the future. >> the company, ssa met with the union after the first noose was found. in the latest incident. reiterated it has zero tolerance for racism. as nor how the workers responded, the compan was less than pleased. ssa said brief suspension was not legitimate health and safety issue according to the ashtray tofrmt t -- arbitrator. the company says it is investigating. >> our members didn't feel there was enough action. we would look to see, cameras, more cameras when things happen no resolution makes people feel like perhaps the employers don't care. >> in oakland. jonathan bloom, abc 7 news. >> if you use any one of the bay area's, toll bridges could be money waiting for you. toll authority is sitting on $1.5 million in refund. the result of uncashed checks and overpayments of fines. if you've don't claim your share by

they want to make it personal like jim crow. if you use the name, you have a face. abortion is the law. basically, when it's of all, they don't want to use the name. it's a lot. host: joanna, maryland. good morning. caller: i was watching the financial station yesterday to see how they scored this proposal and a couple of things was aas mentioned is this pharma.dfall for big essential benefits package that even employers can offer skinny packages. even employer insurance could do that. they said this plan works best if you are under 40, high income, and healthy. they talked about an age tax as you grow older. after 40 it becomes more and more expensive overtime. let's see, there was another i am forgetting. i would like you to comment on those. guest: thank you for those comments. let me start with the age tax. the affordable care act require insurers not charge older people more than three times what they charge younger people. this was a big win for the older people, it was a big loss for the younger people. they are paying for the older people. younger people, su

if we put these two color of divisions into combat, we would get rid of jim crow. of 75,000 african-americans over their will be drafted into service but in segregated divisions and only the rare cases with african-american officers also in several regiments, so this is an interesting moment that doesn't play as well in world war ii quite frankly. where we think the world is a fait accompli and those that know about world war i know about the plush and it will be over in november. it's looking at what germany is thinking. remember knockout france, then they turned to russia and that doesn't turn out that there are no more so you have all these combat divisions available to you. you couple that with some pretty significant lessons and in a nutshell this is what they learned. when i say they learned this i have to be careful of the fringe audiences, the french are no longer a formidable enemy. on the western front is the british expeditionary force. they also learned they need to modify their tactics. they did both defensively and offensively. defensively they decide

300 years in this country and then another 100 years they were under apartheid, which is called jim crow. >> they walked off the job callg it a health and safety issue, it was about ensuring that the company would take action to keep this from happening in the future. >> the company, ssa, met with the union after the first noos was found in the lacest incident reiterated it has zero tolerance for racism. but asked how the workers responded, the company was less than pleased. >> in a statement, the saa said it was not a legitimate health and safety issue according to the arbitrator and the object in question was the size of a key chain lan yard which was left in a terminal pickup truck. >> they didn't feel there was enough action. we would like to see more cameras in these areas. when things like this happen and there is no resolution, it makes people feel like perhaps the employers don't care. >> reporter: jonathan bloom, abc 7 news. >>> there were a lot of getaway spots for the holiday weekend and next the warnings about yosemite that you should know before you make the drive. >>> and h

for our country, we get people in combat, put these two divisions in combat, we will get rid of jim crow. other voices say this is a good time not to come into the -- the naacp and others prevail, we spent 175,000 african-americans, double that number will be drafted in service but in segregated divisions and only the rarest cases with african-american officers although there are african-american officers in several legends. this is an interesting moment that doesn't play as well in world war ii. back to what i was talking about in 1918. often we think those who know a little bit about world war i know about the push in 1919, the war is going to be over in november. couple things happen that i think you need to be mindful of before we turn and talk about the aef and combat. that is looking at a big map of europe, france, looking at germany. germany as everyone in the room knows, is a victim of her geopolitical position. essentially there is no way around it. the original plan, knockout france quickly and turn to russia and that doesn't work out as you know. by 2 feet of -- by 1917 there

300 years in this country and then another 100 years they were under apartheid, which is called jim crow. >> they walked off the job calling it a health and safety issue, it was about ensuring that the company would take action to keep this from happening in the future. >> the company, ssa, met with the union after the first noos was found in the lacest incident reiterated it has zero tolerance for racism. but asked how the workers responded, the company was less than pleased. >> in a statement, the saa said it was not a legitimate health and safety issue according to the arbitrator and the object in question was the size of a key chain lan yard which was left in a terminal pickup truck. >> they didn't feel there was enough action. we would like to see more cameras in these areas. when things like this happen and there is no resolution, it makes people feel like perhaps the employers don't care. >> reporter: jonathan bloom, abc 7 news. >>> there were a lot of getaway spots for the holiday weekend and next the warnings about yosemite that you should know before you make the drive. >>> and

if you come from jim crow south and a french family is inviting you to dinner. for many of these men this is something that never happened before. these men come home with different ideas about how the post world war might look. as much as the american military people are trying to keep american race relations stable by putting american african-american soldiers in the positions. we did see this idea of maybe not compliance. this became an issue in 1918 when people became paranoid about some men were slacking in duties and stepping up and not registering or appearing for their physical exams or induction. we had this phenomenon known as slacker raids and they were groups of citizens who would voluntarily go out and round up men who they thought avoided the selective service. this group would stand out, go into movie theaters, wait at the gates of state fairs, they were -- anywhere where large groups of young men were congrugrating. they would run in, run up to them ask them do they have their draft card which is their registration card which is at the end here,

i understand that black people have been condemded from slavery and jim crow. you may disagree but that is not a bigot. racism alone doesn't help us here. is it the only part? can the racism be charged? i don't mean it is 85%. it is really not the only part. another aspect of it is the linguist say black english is okay because it is systematic. you look at the things that are different in black english and they follow rules as the same way of an own language follows rules so it a structured, legitimate formal speech. you know, i am sorry to say this to my own dissertation advisor and all the people who came before he and the ones along with me and the ones that came after. folks, i know some of you are watching, the argument doesn't convince the public. i am sorry. it doesn't. what i mean is something like this. the verb to be hear is very different in black english. you use the verb to be with some persons and members not others. and so, it is omitted as linguists put it in only in context. so we learning to speak black english for real and they have a lot of