we will turn out to joe antos who will talk to us about what is driving health care costs. joe: thank you. thank you, maryland andrew, and -- maryland, and drew, and it is great to be here to dr. people about this topic. it is -- to talk to people about this topic. it is great to be your to talk about the reality of this topic in this country, which as drew said, is bouncing back up. which is good news and bad news, of course, depending on who you are and how you look at it. everybody has their favorite slide. how do you do it? oh, ok. good. here is one of my favorite sites. it shows health spending growing as a percentage of gdp. it is a lot smoother than drew's slide, but it tells the same story. i will try to describe some of the many factors that people have suggested that have continued into what really is pretty much a relentless, steady growth in health care spending over the past 35 years, which is as far back as the data really take us. why isn't it going forward? can you help me? i had it backwards. [laughs] which ended up? i'm an economist, so that probably tells