i have admiration for joe cline and he tried to introduce more competition in the school district, but the slow movement of schools under his research shows how heavy a lift this is. we had hopeful signs from people like the promise academy in harlem and other results in charter schools allowing some form of competition that does meaningful things in improving test scores, so i think we're unlikely to have better schools and to have improvements in in area without hair harnnessing this. they are unlikely to have it if we tick with a monopoly on schooling. i'll end there, and, you know, i'm thankful for your attention and looking forward to learning from you in the dense confines of this urban environment. thank you very much. [applause] >> can you wait for the microphone since we are recording. over here. >> the cities are attracted to brilliant talent and wealth people is not counterintuitive. the question is are cities attractive to people who are poor? the david brooks wrote a series about this in the atlantaic monthly 10 years ago talking about how happy people were in rural areas