john adams he was smart. he knew it and he wanted you to know it in may had then obnoxious about it. the apple did not fall far from the tree. if you do anything from the hbo series you recall young johnny was the very intelligent young man debra. a couple of other things that make him worth remembering. john quincy adams came of age during the american revolution. even before he was the teenager to witness the birth of diplomacy when he returned to the united states. as ambassador to the netherlands with president madison. and under president monroe been credited with extending borders. he follows the success with a single failure that he is elected president of united states of america. from the low point of his life his presidency is regarded as a failure but it is worth noting that his vision the he laid out for the government is the most progressive vision that you see in washington for at least 100 years of not more and though fdr becomes president. he then runs for office afterwards in american politic

c-span: john adams, number one? >> guest: john adams is number one. he got dismissed... c-span: number two? >> guest: well, i guess thomas jefferson would not be a bad man to have for dinner. i would enjoy that. c-span: you talk a little bit in the book about his being a better writer than a speaker. >> guest: yes. this was, remember, an age of oratory. and thomas jefferson was well known for being a very poor public speaker. john adams said he rarely spoke in public more than three sentences together. his talents lay elsewhere. his talents were in writing. the congress, in a very interesting way, had a kind of a writer's corps, people who it could call upon to write its public pronouncements. john dickinson of pennsylvania was one of the favored writers and probably the most popular because he had written a set of newspaper essays already--1767, '68, sometime earlier--that had been widely copied in the newspapers, which, of course, is the television of the time, the public median--medium. c-span: did you read all those, by the way? >> guest: i re--oh, yes. i've read the

is nothing in our capital memorializing john adams. president bush -- president george h.w. bush -- was newly in office and he signed the bill. ted called me and said you should come down. i had never been to anything like that, and i wanted to. we met for lunch at a hotel, that we were going to walk over through lafayette square. ted was suffering from a lot of back pain. it was clear it was difficult for him to walk, but he insisted he wanted to walk and he never complained. so we started out to go to the white house, 2:15, 2:30, and all the way he was going that damn president is doing this, republicans are doing that. i said, i have to tell you, i like the president. he said, so do i. [laughter] that is what we have lost in washington. because you are different you don't have to consider your enemy. the people that could work that way, howard baker, alan simpson, are desperately needed back in office. >> isn't that right. [applause] >> the guy in the bed there -- >> i asked pastor last night it an idea ever came to him through draw

easily -- john adams wrote that james mad's administration, madison's administration had covered itselfthe more glory that any of his predecessors which is a great compliment because his predecessors were washington, jefferson and adams himself. so i do think he's been underappreciated, and it's been really so much fun. i mean, i know five years of labor doesn't sound like fun, but, you know, discovering thing, being able to put it into a form that i hoped would reach a wide audience, and as the book is called, "reconsidering james madison's life." >> which was the most important contribution. the contributions were enormous, obviously, but if you had to pick just one, what would it be? >> well, it would have to be the constitution. i think he was a genius, and the reason is he was the kind of genius he had is that he was able to breakthrough conventional thinking. when everybody else was thinking one way, madison didn't necessarily accept it. he would think of other possibilities. and he did that in the case of the constitution and the case of establishing a great republic which is wha

kind of had the continental congress, people thought they were arguing with each other because john adams would snap his head. he had an ugly expression when he was talking, like a new englander. and when they got close to to the conversation, it turned out they were discussing farming, and adams did not understand how you ran a 20,000-acre farm. and washington did not understand how you could make a profit out of a 40-acre farm. [laughter] >> well, the 20,000 acre farm comment brings up one of our audience's other questions. what was marshall's view on slavery? >> he had a handful of slaves. most of the time they lived in the house in richmond. so the slaves they had were household slaves. and when polly, his wife, got sicker and sicker and suddenly he had to travel more on the circuit, his head slave was this flamboyant black man who dressed in these very -- the kinds of clothes you'd see in the mardi gras. and marshall thought it was very cute and liked the young man. actually, he hadn't bought -- the young man's name was spur lock. he hadn't bought spurlock, it was a wedding gift. so

it was edited modestly by benjamin franklin and john adams, and then he waited for it to be voted on. july 2, the second continental congress voted for independence, and john adams wrote home to his wife abigail. he said, "today will be the day american history will remember forever. today is the day we will remember forever. today is the day we will celebrate forever. july 2." that was the day they voted to be independent. they then took up the document thomas jefferson drafted. in his view, they mutilated it. he sat mute because he did not like to publicly talk. as president, he only made one public speech. he had a high and squeaky voice, he was not a good speaker so he , never spoke in public much. he didn't speak that day when they were relating his document. he later sent the document to his friends and said, don't you think it is better? ultimately they agreed to it on july 4, then they went next door to a printer and said, would you print up 200 copies of this, so one can go to the king of england, one can go to george washington to read to the troops, one can go to every stat

it was edited modestly by benjamin franklin, john adams and a few others. then he waited for it to be voted o. july 2, the second continental congress voted on independence, and john adams wrote home to his wife and said today will be the day that remembers -- we will remember in american history forever. today is the day we'll celebrate forever, july 2. because that was the day that they voted to be independent. they then took up the document that thomas jefferson had drafted. and in his view, they mutilated it. he sat mute because he didn't like the public talk. as president of the united states, he only made one public speech. he had a high, squeaky voice, not a very good speaker, so he never spoke in public very much, and he didn't speak that day. he later sent the document to his friend and said don't knowing my document is better than what they came up with. but ultimately they agreed on july 4. then they went next door to a presenter, and they said would you present up 200 copies of this document so one can go to the king of england, one can go to ge

cleburne's body was placed outside that of john adams, who had also fallen. they were taken to the house, where they were placed on the back house. the battle of franklin was over. it was an engagement that destroyed the army of tennessee. after 36 years, it ended patrick cleburne's life. 150 years since the battle of franklin people have speculated the reason behind patrick cleburne's actions that day. to take themoose so far forward when he could have chosen an operation further back? was it anger? and the determination to show john bell hood his work? or to redeem himself for remorse from the day before? we will never know the answer to that. perhaps speculation is secondary. it is worth considering patrick cleburne had placed himself in danger positions. his devotion to the cause of arkansas was absolute. it was a cause he had accepted as serious risks since 1863. in october of 1864 cleburne had remarked that if this cause that is so dear to my heart is doomed to fail i pray heaven may let me fall with it but my face toward the enemy and my arm back into

one of the men who lay beside , brigadier general john adams was the son of an immigrant. irish and irish-americans were to be found spread throughout both armies. , for many the 13th of 1864 would be their last day. november some of the confederate irishman had even found time for humor. a particularly irish trait in these situations. the breathtaking sight of the confederate forces forming for attack that afternoon led one rebel to recall nelsons words before trafalgar. england expects every man to do his duty. sergeant danny callahan of the irish first missouri said -- damned little england would get out of this irish crowd. by the end of the day they would have the dubious honor of having sustained the highest casualties of any brigade in the army. one of the casualties was danny down planting the colors on the works and taken prisoner. his countrymen was leading the third fifth missouri into the maelstrom on horseback. he took a bullet to the right shoulder. before he could get off a second projectile ripped through the top of his head. his body was found the next mor

cleburne's body was placed in an ambulance alongside that of general john adams who had also fallen.o the house where they were placed on the back porch. they were joined there by the bodieses of four officers including two more generals. the battle of franklin was over. it was an engagement that destroyed the army of tennessee. after just 36 years it ended patrick cleburne's life. since the battle of franklin people speculated as to reasons behind cleburne's actions that day. why did he choose to place himself so far forward when he could have chosen to direct operations further back. spring hill and the determination to show john bell hood is worth or an effort to lmk;x redeem himself due to remorse from personal failings the day before. it's probable we'll never know the answer to that. then again, perhaps such speck elations are of secondary importance. it's worth considering that patrick cleburne placed himself in dangerous conditions on the battle field . his devotion to the cause was absolute. it was a cause he accepted had been at serious risk since the winter of 1863. in oct

adams,, led by john congress passed the sedition act which did that. broome -- a crime to bring disrepute to the president in particular. what followed were a number of prosecutions. of people a number jailed and fined for violations of the sedition act. there were critics of john adams that went to jail. they paid the fine. as soon as jefferson became president, he pardoned them. he had the government repay the fines. we haven't heard much about the sedition act since then. we will get to the new york times court case shortly. this involves some important cases about sedition around world war i. the espionage act is being invoked today. it criticizing -- said it criticizing the war should be illegal. it would lead people to resist the war. tell us about the debates over free speech around the time of the sedition act and how obvious was it to them that the prosecution of sedition did violate the first amendment. the bill of rights did not apply against the states at all. not until after the civil war when the 14th amendment was passed. we have this lo

>> republican party john adams, seeing glory days like this since the golden era of harding and coolidgenumbers. >> mitch mcconnell and the gop, but also sadly isis.

david hume characterizes idea as utility -- adam smith, john and their ls, would all embrace helvetius. by making pleasure seeking behavior, in correct in vitius was essential french reform. condorcet crystallized progress. he was turgot's protÉgé. he said that that human xpanding library of knowledge contained bills of mankind. progress ine of asserted that man resolved societies afflictions -- societywide progress to perfection. he said that russo's revolution beneficial to society. benjamin franklin, i have artie what celebrity in france. turgot praised him. franklin comments people in france that america's new republic was the ultimate of tination in the march human progress. salons of -- the where the places almighty ideas of these men discussed and debated. four celebrated hostesses during the golden age of salons -- in the 1750's to 1780's. some of you have probably seen the picture. this is another conversation piece. today to show -- to that the the idea salons were a reinforcing ork that made the golden age of the fonts memorable. the best and the brightest paris and france w

>> republican party john adams, seeing glory days like this since the golden era of harding and coolidge in numbers. >> mitch mcconnell and the gop, but also sadly isis. very brutal extremist group, very rich extremist group. terrible tactics. >> tom? >> the government of iran because of their expansion of theological power in iraq and beyond. and mark? >> it has to be the republicans who came out of nowhere and won both houses of parliament. i mean of the government. it is a huge victory for them. >> the envelope, please. write my file, will ya? >> prepare the jacket. >> yes, there you are. >> that's really it over this. let's see if i could get this out now. you know this routine, pat? >> it is the current act of the magnificent. >> the current acts. >> you give the answer and they give you the question. >> who did this? >> they need to get it out. >> ed mcmann. >> taking it out. what do we do? >> they would blow in it. right. >> and then what? give it to mcmann as they would give you questions. here we go the biggest winner of 2014 is the united kingdom. last september a referendum on

. >> everyone moved into it in 1800 and john adams opened the first session of congress and sort of underruction and you know it's been built and rebuilt and burned and years. >> reporter: has it served our democracy well? >> i think so. government. >> reporter: a symbol that has more and more americans frustrated, but for now it's shiny and bright. for the next few weeks anyway. washington. >>> you can buy the capitol tree ornaments from the historical society and get them online although the ones from the white house are typically the ones in much higher demand. that's america tonight, we do hope you join us on wednesday on our program shiela mc-viktor will continue her exclusive in depth use of burn pits used in iraq and afghanistan and the concern that toxic smoke from them has sickened millions of veterans and out lawed in 2009 but the military still using them as late as last year and we will explain why. if you want to comment on any stories you have seen log on to our website al jazeera/america tonight and join the conversation with us on twitter or at our facebook page, good nigh

because of the anniversary of john adams moving into the white house, they agreed to publish a book and so this was done. recall the researcher got a wonderful photographer and a good editor and published a book. in some revisions. >> is your favorite part of the project? >> i loved the research. the writing is little more difficult. it's very satisfied. to see the design come together with the wonderful photographs and so forth. >> still is very project next for you? >> no, i just finished a book a year or so ago called the living white house, which i updated through the obama administration and that was done last year. so i am not writing right now anything else. >> thank you very much for your time. >> now from both tvs recent coverage of miami book fair international, kris paronto and mark geist, members of the cia annex security team responded to the attack on the u.s. special mission in benghazi would be a on september 112012. they discuss 13 hours, the inside account of what really happened in benghazi. this is about 40 minutes. >> joining us are two members of the benghazi respo

it was edited modestly by benjamin franklin, john adams and a few others. then he waited for it to be voted on. july 2, the second continental congress voted on independence, and john adams wrote home to his wife and said today will be the day that remembers -- we will remember in american history forever. today is the day we'll celebrate forever, july 2. because that was the day that they voted to be independent. they then took up the document that thomas jefferson had drafted. and in his view, they mutilated it. he sat mute because he didn't like the public talk. as president of the united states, he only made one public speech. he had a high, squeaky voice, not a very good speaker, so he never spoke in public very much, and he didn't speak that day. he later sent the document to his friend and said don't you think my document is better than what they came up with. but ultimately they agreed on july 4. then they went next door to a presenter, and they said would you print up up 200 copies of this document so one can go to the king of england, one can go t

it was edited modestly by benjamin franklin and john adams, and then he waited for it to be voted on. july 2, the second continental congress voted for independence, and john adams wrote home to his wife abigail. he said, "today will be the day american history will remember forever. today is the day we will remember forever. today is the day we will celebrate forever. july 2." that was the day they voted to be independent. they then took up the document thomas jefferson drafted. in his view, they mutilated it. he sat mute because he did not like to publicly talk. as president, he only made one public speech. he had a high and squeaky voice, he was not a good speaker, so he never spoke in public much. he didn't speak that day when they were relating his document. he later sent the document to his friends and said, don't you think it is better? ultimately they agreed to it on july 4, then they went next door to a printer and said, would you print up 200 copies of this, so one can go to the king of england, one can go to george washington to read to the troops, one can go to every state

rabble-rousers like john adams. a wordsmith like jefferson. was all of the founding fathers as it were rolled into one. he found a country that was a failed state. he left it six years later. >> how extraordinary is his comeback? >> not a shot was fired in anger. he sat down and ate the dinner that louis the 18th had cooked for him only three weeks later. >> wow. when you look at his relationship to women and josephine -- >> it's not the love of romeo and juliet love story at all. she was unfaithful to him within weeks of their marriage. he went off on campaign. she jumped into bed with somebody. he had all the charm of a week makers assistant. [laughter] when napoleon found out two years later, he marched on the first of his love affairs with mistresses. >> he did that in response? >> he did that in response. he went back to josephine. it is a much more interesting, human love story than the romeo and juliet one. >> how do you assess his mind? >> compartmentalization. at the same time of writing a long letter of how the army had to be moved r

john adams appears in the constitution that he helped write.t refers to a government of laws and not of men. i mean, for example, in egypt, the current military regime, just oversaw the reversal of former dictator's conviction for the murder of hundreds of protesters and in proceedings that are all legal in some narrow, technical sense, but were widely viewed has an outright sham. and its's safe to say no americans are russians are calling to egypt as a model for the rule of law. apply them equally. a nation of laws is one where the law acts as a great equalizer by restraining those in power and ensuring that even the most marginalized societies can get a fair shake in court. sure, the u.s. is flawed and places where justice is miscarried, but fundamentally, the u.s. really is a nation of laws. i have to say it is getting harder and harder to hold onto that faith. and then, last week, we all watched as a police officer who put a man in a choke hold, put a man in a choke hold, no charges whatsoever. we don't even know if he's going to be fired.

led chiefly by john quincy adams after he had left the presidency. he was the godfather of what i take as the libertarian and limitation of the constitution, the antislavery theory that eventually climaxed in the ratification of the 14th amendment. a fascinating story. and his it douglass followers thought slavery was already on const national before the 13th amendment? it is interesting. not to take a position on saying they were exactly right or wrong. i do not think there was a right answer at that point. amendment, the 14th amendment, came around, what had happened was the southerners were out of congress, the war was over, the south was laid waste by the work, and the radical republicans saw this as their to put their theory permanently into the constitution, not so much to say they were changing it, but to restore what they thought had always in the cost vision. that is to restore the principle of the primacy of individual liberty, among other things. and so the 14th amendment began, all persons born in the united states, are citizens of the un

. >> reporter: the document is in beautiful shape, you can see john adams signature.he highest tech humidity and preservation systems you can imagine. the interaction is so exciting. it's powered by google you can look at it online, you can click on the provision and trace the spread of liberty across the globe. you can watch general mcarthur, see european constitutions adopting american liberty and how american liberty inspired the globe here at the center a and online it's very exciting. >> my favorite amendment of the ten, the first ten is the first one, freedom of the press, what is your favorite amendment in the bill of rights? >> i like that one, too. you know i'm a journalist by training like you, i like the first amendment, as well. what's so interesting when you see the on document, the first amendment was not originally the first amendment, there are two that were pro posted -- proposed and never ratified. it says there has to be one representative for every 50,000 people. if this passed there will be 4,000 people in congress as posed to 435. >> okay. we wou

would but over time, it has become a critical symbol, it was a vital symbol during our revolution, john adamsreferred to it frequently. if you look at the original seal of the state of massachusetts, it shows a militiaman with a sword in one hand and a copy of the magna carta in the other. it embodied in the colonists, they were not looking for independence, they were lookinging for the rights of englishmen and those were represented by magna carta, it massachusetts, engraved by paul revere shows that that's what they were fighting for, a sword in one hand, magna carta in the other. transfer of magna carta for safekeeping. again, that was an extraordinarily powerful symbol, ovr lightly, and i think they did so in a very calculated way. they wanted to remind us, that this is what they were fighting for. and conveyed a strong message that you should be too. so it is very useful as a symbol that represents the rule of law, liberties, it's been reinvented over the years, the american colonists when they looked at it, looked at it to be interpreted by black stone, which gave it much more substance

john adams came to visit and came knocking on the door it all came to see the retired president. the history of the nation with the attempt to be found in a different way today the place in the cabinet between his admirers and those who still see him as the enemy is still called that it is still called that president jefferson davis library which you see on the right behind the building behind the house. it's been recently constructed after it was obliterated by hurricane katrina and it has a gift shop and offices and an auditorium of the facilities. for those of you just be this and i think today fair number still do the library is a peculiar paradox. davis never won the presidency of the united states so they could never be entitled to the honor of the presidential library. on the other side of the divide stands to some of the confederates in the presidential library as a sign. consistent with the whistle sounds from the arena davis they maintained the property as the a mission statement and a perpetual memorial sacred to the memory of the late president of the confederate stat

which was part of the cause of the frustration with france's role by people like john adams because the resources were not given priority in north america. it was the caribbean. even at the outset of the war the impact of this war was felt. this is sir william howell. sadly, the only member of british leadership of whom there are no good paintings. you always see this reproduced. commander in chief after bunker hill through to 1778, his father had been governor of barbados. he immediately sense for food and troops from the caribbean as he prepared to withdraw from boston and to invade new york. and the problems he had are very revealing. not only was there no food to be had only islands. they were starting. when barbados did send food, the local assembly and many of the residents protested that they would do this when the islands were faced with near salvation -the- n starvation because they were not gettingear food imports from north up america. well he since -- when he since the trooper north america, while the chicks were on board ship, a slave rebellion broke out prematurely -- whil

. >> everybody moved into it, john adams opened the first session of congress and it's been under construction and built and rebuilt and burned and remodeled and changed over the years. >> has it served our democracy well? >> i think so. i think so. it really is the symbol of our government. >> a as i am bog that has more and more americans trust rated. for now, it's shiny and bright for the next few weeks, anyway. >> now to tonight's picture. it's a picture of bobby keys. you probably know his sound. keys was the long time sacks phone player for the rolling stones. it is his solo that helped turn brown sugar to a classic. he passed away today. he was 70 years old. that's our broadcast, thanks for watching. see you back here tomorrow. on america tonight, shocking evidence that america veterans who risked all for our defense were sickened by poisons as they serve their country. >> a lot of people are saying orange. >> reporter: shiela mc-victor has an exclusive in depth look at the illnesses facing veterans of iraq and afghanistan and the fiery pits that may have poisoned them. also tonight a b

cleburne's body was placed in an ambulance alongside that of general john adams who had also fallen. the two were taken to the house where they were placed on the back porch. they were joined there by the bodieses of four officers including two more generals. the battle of franklin was over. it was an engagement that destroyed the army of tennessee. after just 36 years it ended patrick cleburne's life. since the battle of franklin people speculated as to reasons behind cleburne's actions that day. why did he choose to place himself so far forward when he could have chosen to direct operations further back. was it anger toward conduct at spring hill and the determination to show john bell hood is worth or an effort to redeem himself due to remorse from personal failings the day before. it's probable we'll never know the answer to that. then again, perhaps such speck elations are of secondary importance. it's worth considering that patrick cleburne placed himself in dangerous conditions on the battle field . his devotion to the cause was absolute. it was a cause he accepted had been at

was home to a former president who greeted such visitors as joseph pulitzer, newspaper magnate, john adams, even oscar wilde. they they all came to see the retired president, jefferson davis. it offered the tranquility in his last years to write the history of the nation he attempted to found. in a different way today the place offers a suitable setting to contemplate the chasm between what lies between his admirers and those who still see him as the enemy. it is a bold and multi use building called the jefferson davis presidential library which you see on the right here. it has been recently constructed. it has a gift shop, offices. for those who view jefferson davis as the civil war antihero, the library is a peculiar paradox. he never won the presidency of the united states. he could hardly be entitled to the honor of the presidential library. on the other side of the divide stands the sons of confederate veterans, the organization that owns and operates the jefferson home and presidential library as a shrine, there were. consistent with the deed, they maintain the property as a virtual

they had george washington, john adams, thomas jefferson james madison on the front.y wanted to make them glossy and fabulous so everybody would want to get one. they made the face big and moved in god we trust to the ridge. all on the outside of the coin. so it seemed like it was gone. >> it is there -- >> -- it is possible to find an original 2000 coin where they made a mistake and it's not printed there but i mean that would be like a gold mine. >> god will be kind to you to give you a coin where there isn't an in god we trust because it would be worth a ton. >> a blessing indeed. >> last letter, from temple, that's the name, temple wow, roll the tape ♪ ♪ all i want for christmas is you ♪ >> that's modest for those women. isn't it? >> it is television. mariah carey, bless her heart. she had a lot of troubles that night. i think her cleavage was sort of the least of it lady gaga at least she didn't get dressed at the deli counter. >> she has clothes on. usually she doesn't wear clothes. this is a big upgrade. what's with the gloves on marissa carrie. is she going ou

obviously john adams and john quincy adams which was not a happy dynasty because john quincy adams nevert you at the head of the line. then benjamin harrison the grandson of william harrison and said i'm nobody's grandson i want to run on my own. then they had this song of his grandfather's hat was too big for his head. >> george w. bush can immediately hook into his father's money. jeb bush can immediately look into his brother and his father's money. >> to the bundlers and the groups. >> jeb's son george p. bush in texas can immediately hook into his father and his uncle and his grandfather's money. >> i agree. the one reason why george washington decided not to run again of that we were not creating a kingship and he wanted new information have a chance -- i'm thinking for him now. but it's important to have new staff, new people, new ideas. if you have those same people -- the other side is they've been through it. they have the tough times. they know what it's like to lose. they know what it's like have your private life crushed in and still willing to do it. they still have fire in

one of the members said -- he was speaking about john adams and history. he said, what's our era going to be known for? without missing a beat, he said advances in medicine. i just -- it just struck me as somebody as knowledgeable as he is about our history saw also how important that is and how cutting edge we've been as a vote on that. we need to keep that, whether it's n.i.h. or whether it's done in the private sector, at research universities, that's going to be a very important part. >> we have only about five minutes left. you spent a lot of this year on the i.r.s. >> yes. >> it's an institution that affects everybody's lives. what's the state of it today, based on what you've learned? >> if you told me that we wouldn't be able to resolve the questions on this in a few months, i would have said that's not true. this will be very quick. but it's been very difficult to get the right information. what's clear is this did not originate in cincinnati. what's also clear is the i.r.s. delayed both conservative and progressive groups, about 80% conservative,

as john adams said, facts are stubborn things. host: the headlines today in the paper are that in the second round of enrollment, the exchange has added 1.9 million new insurance customers. we will get in one last phone call. it comes from nick in norwalk, connecticut, a democratic caller. caller: thank you for taking my , greta. happy and merry christmas and happy hanukkah and all the holidays. is, i want to tell you have been a registered democrat for over 40 years, but i will be january my party in when the senate takes over as republican. 2006ported these people in , and the first thing i want to say is, top 1% are also democrats. so when we got a bunch of rich people that are supposed to be getting all kinds of breaks, and we got democrats, we got republicans. i am out of work. i have not worked in a while area i am very good at what i do but i cannot find a job, because they want to give you a part-time job. the last thing i wanted to is that with the thing that is going on right now in ferguson and new york, the president i

anything to say about the alien and sedition act or it was a completely different world than what john adams was philip? does it make sense? >> it makes sense and was a good question. clinton was conflicted as he was on many issues involving civil liberties. -- lincoln was conflicted at he was on many issues involving civil liberties. he is leading the fight to get troops to washington as a standing along the rail lines from philadelphia to washington. i think he was still concerned about the first amendment even though the strength didn't take place until the 20th century. and the chicago time suppression which was by general ambrose burnside, i am happy to say a rhode islander. lincoln ordered stanton to remove the suspension against the chicago times. and harold's book is full of these changes or lincoln correcting what is important -- what his subordinates had done and those sentenced imprisonment for the duration of the war. lincoln was sorry it happened based on this general law that burnside had promulgated, so he could use the sentence, the banishment of the confederacy to get away f

as john adams said, facts are stubborn things. host: the headlines today in the paper are that in the second round of enrollment, the exchange has added 1.9 million new insurance customers. we will get in one last phone call. it comes from nick in norwalk, connecticut, a democratic caller. caller: thank you for taking my , greta. happy and merry christmas and happy hanukkah and all the holidays. is, i want to tell you have been a registered democrat for over 40 years, but i will be january my party in when the senate takes over as republican. i supported these people in

and washington had -- people thought they were other, becausech john adams, you snap his head! ugly expression when he was talking, like in new england. the they got close to conversation, it turned out they were discussing farming. and adams did not understand how you ran a 20,000-acre farm. and washington did not understand how you could make a profit out of a 40-acre farm. 20,000-acre farm comment brings up one of our audiences' other questions. what was marshall's view on slavery? handful of slaves. most of the time, they lived in the house in richmond. slaves they had were slaves.d and when polly, his wife, got sicker and sicker and suddenly had to travel more on the his head slave was this flamboyant black man, dressed in very -- the kind of mardis you'd see in the march gras. marshall thought it was very cute and liked the young man. the young man's name was spurlock. he hadn't bought spurlock. it was a wedding gift. so he never had the sense that property.as his and spurlock would speak up. and spurlock was allowed to go out. little by little, spurlock black a leader amo

there is a great entry in the diary of john quincy adams, the great wig member of congress. he came back to the house after serving as president for a term. he is the only member to have done that. he kept a fantastic diary. at one point, he's watching the pages. he refers to them as chipping mercury's, moving about. 18-20 pages were serving. they tended to be boys from washington, d.c. they were sons of members or sons of federal officials, but a lot of times they would be orphans or children from destitute families who members of congress were looking to give a helping hand up. the pay for pages was pretty good. they were paid anywhere from $1.50 at the beginning of 1800 to $2.50 per day. at the end of congress, they could get a large bonus. it was a lucrative enterprise in the 19th century. >> one of the things that is interesting about the visual history of pages is that they are such a part of the legislative process that they do not really get noticed in terms of paintings and prints until you start seeing illustrated journals like "harpers." at some point, it is not u

quotes from the american revolution that come to mind in one of them you're probably familiar with, john adams, he is talking about the revolution. at the time the revolution was going on, he said we are 1/3 1/3y, 1/3 in different, and trueblue. the story may quibble that, but of the people supported the revolution. in the textile strike it was a 1/3 of a lot more than people that went out and sacrifice. it is extraordinary how much courage it took and what it was like for someone who may have sympathized for the strike but could not sacrifice everything to do it. they had a family. i worked on a machine once when i was 20 years old. i worked in a place where half the factory was unionized, half was not then i wanted to get the other half unionized. it --as hardly a replace a repressive place at all. people were afraid to do it. i was 20 years old living in home. what that i care that i got fired? i'm telling a 40-year-old guy with two kids that they need to do this. there is a man named lacey right to wonder to read the interview, -- who wanted to read the interview, but he sympathized. he sa