have the actual nomination from john adams of marshall. this is the official nomination when he is ascending to the senate. john marshall is named to be chief justice of the united states. one of the great moments in marshall's career. one of the great moments for our nation. we have a couple of letters that also herewe have a couple of letters that give a sense of the , emerging conflict between john marshall and thomas jefferson. a constitutional conflict, not a personal one. on the top we have a letter from john marshall to alexander hamilton. who was obviously all the rage ,ecause of lead manuel miranda -- lin manwell brenda, hamilton a great early federalist. marshall is expressing concerns about jefferson taking over the presidency. he was worried that by weakening the office of the presidency, he will increase his personal power. the idea that publicly he will express limited power but would wield great tower over the majority of congress. and we have this letter from john marshall to his old colleague in france from the xyz affair.

two years later, john adams named him secretary of state. so we have john marshall moving from his career in virginia to a central role in the early federal government. the artifacts here tell that story and they tell it through the lens of one really important episode in john marshall's pre-supreme court career. this is during the adams administration. he's called upon to become an envoy to france. if we think of this moment in american history, it's amazing how much the politics are defined by the rivalry between great britain and france and where the united states fits, as former colonies of great britain but also as a former ally of france. george washington has to decide how he is going to address the conflicts happening between france and great britain? he declares neutrality. he sends john jay over to great britain and creates a treaty that ends up being very important for establishing political and commercial relations between great britain and the u.s. but that inflames thomas jefferson and his allies here who are more supporters of

people remembered this proposal when john adams himself became president, was running for president. uring the the election of 1796, benjamin franklin's grandson, who run a newspaper, dubbed adams his rotundity. washington continued pro-british policies, which brought international trouble and increased internal divisions within the united states. after jay's treaty france started seizing ships and insisting that the united states needed to decide, was it france's enemy or france's all to push the united states out of this policy of neutrality. in response congress cut off trade with france and authorized american ships to seize french ships. so, congress is mostly controlled by federalists. the american people, many of them, criticize this assault on france. many americans considered france the natural ally of the united states rather than britain, france being the ally of the united states during the revolution whereas britain, of course, had been his opponent. john adams, to respond to criticism of his policies, his administration pushed through congress a series of alien and sedit

people remembered this proposal when john adams became president, running for the president, and during the election of 1796, benjamin franklin's grandson who ran a newspaper dubbed adams his rotund ity. more importantly, adams continued pro-british policies, which brought internal division within the united states. france startedy, insisting the united states needed to decide if it was a an -- if it was france's enemy or france's ally. in response, congress cut off trade with france, and authorized american ships to seize french ships. congress is controlled by federalists. the american people, many of them, criticized this assault on france. many americans considered france a natural ally of the united states, rather than britain, where it had been its opponent. john adams responded to criticism of his policies. his administration pushed through a is of alien and sedition acts in 1798. the alien acts included the naturalization act of 1798. back in 1790, the first naturalization act had established a process by which immigrants became citizens. in 1790, it had restricted naturalized c

people remembered this proposal when john adams became president, running for the president, and during the election, benjamin franklin's his rotundbbed adams ity. adams continued the policies, which brought internal division within the u.s. after the treaty, things shifted in the u.s. needed to decide if it was a an ally of france. in response, congress cut off trade with france, and authorized american ships to seize french ships. congress is controlled by federalist. the american people criticize the assault on france. many americans consider france a natural ally of the united britain,ather than where it had been its opponent. responded to criticism of his policies. pushedinistration through alien and sedition acts they included that included the naturalization act of 1798. first0, the hadralization act established a process by which immigrants became citizens. act, it had restricted naturalized citizenship to free white men. there was to keep black men from becoming naturalized citizens, but also limit asian immigrants. ins new naturalization act 1798 increase to the residency requ

now, coverture was wet abigail adams was talking about in her famous, remember the ladies letter to john. she referenced the long-standing nature of coverture when she made him to be, quote, lord generous and favorable to them, the president they ladies, then your ancestors. abigail adams understood the corruption of absolute power is clearly as any revolutionary theorist. she said, do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. abigail obliquely reference the shame of marital abuse when she proposed, why not, could it then not out of the power of the vicious and the lawless to use us, with cruelty and in dignity, with impunity? men of sense in all ages abort those customs which treat as only as the vassal's up your sex. the reason we know she's talking about physical abuse or sexual abuse is the 18th century meanings of words like ambitious and vassal's. they referred to depravity. the reason i've made this my quest, my crusade for every american to note the word coverture and what it means, is i think that we, and by th

now, coverture was what abigail adams was talking about in her famous remember the ladies letter to john. she referenced the long-standing nature of coverture when she more generous and favorable to them, than your ancestors. abigail adams understood the corruption of absolute power as clearly as any revolutionary theirrist. she said, do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. abigail even obliquely referred to the shame of marital rape and physical abuse when she proposed why then not put it out of the power of the vicious and the lawless to use us with cruelty and indignity with impunity. men in sense of all ages which treat us only as the vessels of your sex. and the reason we know she's talking about physical abuse or sexual abuse is the 18th century meanings of words like vicious and vassals and they refer to depravity. the reason i made this my quest, my crusade for every american to know the word coverture and what it means is that i think we, by that i mean scholars, teachers, educated americans alike, have no

but john adams was thoroughly anti-french. adams grumbled a policy of french foreign ministers the count of rushing against united states was exclusive to how adam describes it, to keep his hand under our chin from preventing us from drowning, but not to lift our heads above the water. adams is very suspicious of the french, and their motives and the desire to keep the united states under their thumb. he was convinced that the count and his wife for hosting this dinner to get him to put down his guard. she made me sit next to her on her right hand, and it was remarkably attentive to me the whole time. that count who sat opposite, was constantly calling out to me to know what i was with the and to offer me cake, madeira etc. they weren't is being good hosts while offering him wine, making conversation. it was a plot to reveal the american negotiation strategy. adams was a descendant of puritans. he was proud to triumph over this temptation. to not reveal anything. to not enjoy himself in paris. adams, franklin and john j who's a

and in the case of john adams , cicero. he was a law student as well as a warrior. adams along with patrick henry was one of the greatest or agers of the revolution and he admired cicero's writings. his speeches and so on. he studied and memorized them. he at once there was a family argument and he got all upset and he said i quit and the romans took up my cicero and started leading to comfort himself. this is how closely attached their word to these figures and in the case of cicero, adams saw himself as a latter-day cicero grows more and more policy as time goes on and he writes this self pitting letter to his friend after he's lost a reelection bid years later saying i'm just like cicero. all the parties objected to cicero and now all the parties are rejecting me and for the same reason because we are virtuous. we don't bend to the factions, we don't bend to the party and we won't promote the party and that's why we're persecuted. >> thank you adam and thank you for emphasizing washington and cicero for atoms, each of the founders had different inspirations . thom

but john adams was thoroughly anti-french. adams grumbled that the policy of french foreign administrations against the united states. to keep his hand under our chin to prevent us from drowning, but not to lift our heads above the water. adams is very suspicious of the french and their motives and the desire to keep the united states under their thumb. ■ that the count and hiscb@ñ were hosting the dinner we're trying to get him to put down his guard. she made me sit next to her on her right hand and was remarkably attentive to meet the whole time. the count who set opposite was constantly calling out to me to know what i would eat and to offer me cake, etc. he was convinced they were not just being good hosts offering him wind and making conversation, it was a plot to get him to reveal the american negotiating strategy. adams was the descendant of puritans. he was proud of his triumph over this temptation. to not reveal anything. to not enjoy himself in paris. adams, franklin were in a bind. under the treaty that they had sign

abigail adams writing to her son john quincy adams says, ungoverned passions have been compared to the boisterous which produces terrible effects. passions are the element of life she said according the unreason. but it was her subject of the control of reason . in the who will ever candidly examine themselves and find passion. and national temperatures. she observed quincy adams to reason and to be tempered and moderate forget it in the classical. then john quincy adams picks her up on it and he struggling with the same reason. was this something that the founders will ask you about abigail adams. because you write about them so well. did they cautiously start off with his and their moral lives . and attend to basically engage emotional self-governance and to pain their unreasonable passions to achieve the tranquility. caroline: the short answer is yes they did for unit yes they did. [laughter]. in the 18th century, the age of enlightenment. the first time to turn human nature in the 18th century. in trying to as with the homo sapiens people are really trying to understand the great q

coverture is what abigail adams was talking about in her famous remember the ladies letter to john. she referenced the long-standing nature of coverture when she paid him to be quote, more generous and favorable to them, the present day lady, than your ancestors. abigail adams understood the corruption of absolute power as clearly as any revolutionary theorist and said, do not put such limited power into the hands of the husbands, remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. abigail eno leakly referred to the shame of marital rape and physical abuse when she proposed why then not put it out of the power of the vicious and lawless to use us with cruelty and indignity with im punity. men in a sense of all ages treat us only as the battles of your sex. she is talking about physical abuse or sexual abuse is the 18th century of words like icious and refer to depravity. the reason i made this my quest to let americans know what the word coverture means and by that i mean educators and scholars alike have not come to terms that the idea that our founding happened with coverture in plac

but john adams was firmly anti-french and grumbled that the policy of the count of verheijens, listensto how adams described it, to keep his hand under our chin to prevent us from drowning but not to lift our heads above the water so adams is very suspicious of the french and their motives and their desire to keep the united states under their thumb. at dinner he went -- he was convinced that the count of vergens and his wife were hosting his dinner and trying to get him to put down his guard. adams wrote she made me sit next to her at her right and and was attentive to me at all times. the count who sat opposite was constantly calling out to see what i was eat. he was convinced that they weren't just being good hosts, offering wine and making conversation. it was a plot to get him to reveal the american negotiating strategy. now adams was the descendant of puritans. he was proud, writes how proud he was to triumph over this temptation, to not reveal anything, not to enjoy himself in paris. adams, franklin and john jay, also part of the negotiators from the united states were in a bind

but john adams was thoroughly anti-french. adams grumbled the policy of the french foreign minister against the united states was to keep his hand under our chin to prevent us from drowning but not to lift our heads above the water. adams is very suspicious of the french and their motives and their desire to keep the united states under their thumb. at dinner he was convinced that the hosts of this dinner were trying to get him to put down his guard. adams later wrote she made me sit next to her and was remarkably attentive to me the whole time. the count was constantly calling out to me to know what i would eat, etc. he was convinced they were being good hosts so they can keep offering him wine and conversation, it was a plot to get him to reveal the american negotiating strategy. adams was the descendent of the puritans. he was proud to triumph over the temptation to not reveal anything, not to enjoy himself in paris. adams, franklin, and john jay , who is also a part of the negotiators for the united states, were in a bind.

but john adams was thoroughly anti-frenched.e argued that the united states was "to keep his hand under our chin to prevent us from drowning, but not to lift our heads above the water. so they want today keep the united states under their thumb. he was con vicinities that they were trying to get them to put down their guard. adams said she made me sit next to her on her right hand and the count who at opposite was constantly calling out to me to know what i would eat. he thought it was a blot for the american negotiating strategy. adams was a descendant of puritans. it has to do with his triumph. they were in a behind. under the treaty they signed with france they were not allowed to do a separate piece. so the americans really felt like they were going held hostage. and they realize the best terms for the united states who be a sprat piece. and that is what they did despite their alliance with france. they signed the treaty of paris on september 2nd, 1783. they refused to sit for the portrait. they were done with this. the plan

so, your series on john adams, john adams is the first president to live in what is the white house,o how could you possibly know what it looked like in those days? >> well, we had the benefit of the book. we answer to -- you were talking about authenticity and how important it is. we answered to a higher authority, meaning david. and so he was -- he was very involved with the entire production from development of the scripts through production. so, we had a pretty good idea. when you read david's book, you feel like you're at the elbow of both abigail and john adams. so, we had the best possible blueprint. >> they only lived there a few months. >> right, right. >> so, it is said that abigail adams is behind the -- i guess her east room. is there any truth to that? >> from what david has told us, yes. that is part of what we were trying to capture in the show, in the series, is how -- we didn't want to do a costume drama. we wanted it to seem like this was something -- this was gritty and difficult. this was late -- by that point it's the early 19th century and so what was life reall

but it was john adams who set the precedent.mas jeffson's his son,dent john quincy adams, left washington the bay before the 1829 swearing in of andrew jackson. still ahead, as covid more lives each d instantly clear every day congestion with vicks sinex saline nasal mist. for drug free relief that works fast. vicks sinex. instantly clear everyday congestion. yeah, i mean the thing is, people like geico because it's just easy. bundling for example. you've got car insurance here. and home insurance here. why not... schuuuuzp... put them together. save even more. some things are better together. like um... tea and crumpets. but you wouldn't bundle just anything. like, say... a porcupine in a balloon factory. now, that'd be a mess. i mean for starters, porcupines are famously no good in a team setting. save even more when you bundle home and car insurance. dog? save even more when you bundle for sure.liquid, one up the toughest stains. any further questions? uh uh! one up the power of liquid with tide pods ultra oxi. soledad: in th

he was the great grandson of john adams and grandson of john quincy adams. and the adams family was in this state of political decline. there were two adams presidents in the background, but henry adams couldn't make a start in politics. henry adams became a historian. when he was writing in the 1860s, when grant was president, this was just ten years after the publication of charles darwin, introduction of the theory of evolution. adams' take was, anybody who looks at the progression of the presidency understanding that evolution is a crock. it refutes the theory. [ laughter ] >> i was going to say that, in most cases, it looks as though there's this linear line that maybe you think it goes down or up.é>uñ george washington is a tough act to follow.on i'm going to propose this to you. you can decide whether you agree with this or not. there is one sense, at least, in which donald trump is positively and this is an adjective i haven't heard applied to donald trump, that donald trump is positively washingtonian. he's very much like the father of our country.

john adams won the majority of the second vote so he would be vice president. the bill of rights diffused anti-federalist opposition. anti-federalist with his coalition that had risen quickly and trying to respond to the -- in trying to respond to the constitution but were fairly late, too late to stop ratification, and once the bill of rights was cleared that it would be passed and ratified it to confuse their main issue, their main public issue. antifederalists argued this new constitution was so powerful it would take rights away from individuals, and the bill of rights was the compromise the federalist made to assure opponents to the constitution that it would not. the national government would still provide rights to individuals. with the bill of rights well on its way to becoming part of the constitution antifederalists and -- had no issue to keep them together. the new government moved quickly to fix these problems of the 1780's. congress established a federal judicial system, and for revenue. one of the problems that the national government had no direc

when john adams became president he decided he would have no parties. the first ball that we know of that was in this town was president madison in 1809. the first part they had was in a hotel. over the years they had parties and sometimes called a ball and sometimes called a party. it was not until the late 1840's that he really begin to get into the theme of having an event of special nature. they started to build temporary buildings for a part of that. one of the things about the inauguration, the constitution is very clear about how the president will assume power. it says explicitly in the 20th amendment that he will do it on january 20, and there is the appointed oath of office that he has. the wonderful 37 word thing that he requires to preserve and protect the constitution. >> i ronald reagan do solemnly swear. >> that i will faithfully execute the office of president of the united states. >> and will to the best of my ability. preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the united states. so help me god. >> congratulations sir. [applause]

person a, john adams, his energy and he's smart but he's mad. washington was appalled when he became commander of the continental army and went to boston. in virginia, you didn't money grab partly because you had slaves who didn't, in the end, slavery didn't work, in the end, it did not allow an enterprise. they were much more polite than adams. he was just stirring up trouble. >> very well put. >> that's just one example but i think the northerners and southerners from the beginning were very different in part of the reason the civil war happened was they never really reconciled the differences certainly the north did not, by the middle of the 19th centur century, reconcile himself. >> could you speak about monroe? the first victory all have these korean titles, follow the country, author of the declaration of independence, follow the constitution. it's often overlooked but your book, by choosing to focus on, choosing marshall over monroe, what you think he added? what are we, maybe as a 200 years later, what have we as a society, what have we

and there's this story that he presented john adams, john quincy adams with an alligator and that johnuincy adams not really knowing what to do with that essentially just put the alligator in the east room. that was just where -- i guess that's where alligators are stored. because at that point in time remember the east room wasn't finished yet. it was sort of a storage space. okay. i guess that part sort of holds up. but if you know anything about john quincy adams, he was meticulous with his notetaking and his diaries and he was the kind of guy that when he went for a walk in the city, he would identify plants and trees and flowers and then try to remember their latin names. and he would record them. it was a way that he was teaching himself the latin names of plants and trees. so, i find it hard to believe that john quincy adams wouldn't have mentioned in his diaries he would have received an alligator. seems like a pretty stand-out event, right? but let's keep digging. his secretary and later published an account of the travels and what they saw and what they did, he mentions seein

john adams says there has not been a democracy that hasn't committed suicide.his is in their minds, and there's griping about the effectiveness of congress. enormous amounts of frustration about creating deadlocks. they're focused on supporting the bill of rights, but this is before they are political parties. washington himself is probably not a member of a political party. he is in an independent. as a matter of principle. what is also fascinating about that first congress without parties is first of all, the founders assume the balance of power setup would be enough of a check and balance. peoples constituencies and personal beliefs would provide enough of a basis of debate. you wouldn't need parties per se. as we could see them. you have thing is, for the constitutional debate, there is a natural cleaving into two very recognizable groups. folks for more rural areas are tremendously concerned about the overreach of federal power. they impose a ratification of the constitution as a result. they thought it would impeach on their freedom and we way of life. an

john adams actually calls for guns and weaponry to be brought to his house.se these folks are being fomented by the french, the country's inflamed, -- washington's proclamation of neutrality is seen as a complete traders move along against the french, it's de facto pro british. and hamilton was trying was -- washington understood that they didn't we have to walk a middle line between monarchy and the mob. we cannot throw in with the british, and hamilton also understood in washington did with the whiskey rebellion anarchy is the quickest path to tyranny. he is really furious when you read the farewell address about the attempt on the of the french so undermined the integrity of our system and his government. that seems like a distant concern when i wrote the book. and of course is ripped out of the headlines today. and i'll just say, washington focused on warnings, use too much of a man of action to just point out problems. he points out sources of strength that we should always focus on going forward. national unity, it's obvious now. part of the danger of h

most outspoken, at least on paper, if you can be outspoken on paper, as was already mentioned, in john adams. and my goodness, the correspondence between adams and his wife, abigail, they drop allusions if not outright quotations from shakespeare left and right as if it was nothing. so, in particular with adams, you see someone who is concerned about constitution-making having balance. and this is what precisely you lack in the history plays in shakespeare. we see the problems of not having, say, a written constitution, lacking consent, you know, prerogatives of whether lords or the royal family that are unwritten, that these are things that lead to a contest for political legitimacy. the only play, i believe, where england is at peace with itself and with its neighbors is king lear. right? and so in lear, you've got this play that sets itself up, not in terms of what would make for good rule, but what would make for a legitimate succession. who will follow lear? it's at least implicitly one of the themes of that great play. and what adams and i believe the founders drew from a playwright wh

the collection of millions of artifacts at the national treasury including three us presidents john adams and john quincy adams was papers of thomas jefferson so as we are winding down this year what year it has been want to take the opportunity to thank all of you who have attended our virtual program over the last nine months into the virtual programs or if this is your very first interaction with the historical society and those that we cannot fully maintain so thank you for coming on this journey so this is the 400h anniversary of the mayflower voyage with the statewide and national activities for the anniversary but we want to put together a better friend history those previous programs and look at the life and times of the let the one - - penelope winslow as many of the other virtual programs so tonight we will be hearing from john turner mr. turner his or her studies at george mason and teaches race in history and american culture earning his master in divinity at the louisville presbyterian theological seminary his earlier books include brigham young published 2012 and mormon e-th

john adams considers an elevated title.he city of new york kind of ponies up to spruce up their city hall to make it appropriate for a congress. the congressional library, i think, fascinating the most popular book at the congressional library in that first congress is decline and fall of the roman empire. which shows how much the president of ancient greek and roman history was on their minds. they were consciously both in writing the constitution and trying to set up those precedents trying to learn the lessons of history so they didn't follow the path of all the failed republics before them. john adams said there hasn't been a democracy that didn't commit suicide. all of this is very much in their minds and an enormous amount of griping of ineffectiveness of congress and an enormous amount of frustration of the partisanship and the faction creating deadlocks. obviously focused on supporting the bill of rights. this is before their political parties, folks. and washington himself is proudly not a member of a political par

john adams, he gave jefferson his chance and gave free rein and passed on. the metro college vote, that was to make sure we didn't get a tyrant. all the people voted and it was a very bad vote. the electoral college, it's their job. we have people now like lindsey graham and mitch mcconnell, josh hawley, ted cruz, rand paul, jim jordan, he needs to buy a jacket. and kennedy from louisiana. they ought to be ashamed of themselves, running this country into the ground like that. this is a failure. the country was founded from the separation between church and state. they can come up and fight and run for office but we should be subtracting those numbers from them because they are not doing their jobs. host: that's robert in massachusetts. he mentioned lindsey graham. a front-page story, looking inside the final days of the trump white house amid the second impeachment, they spend a decent amount of time focusing on the role lindsey graham is playing. here's a little bit from that story. one of trump's a few confidantes these days is lindsey graham, who broke wi

only three incumbent presidents who have refused to accompany the president-elect to inauguration, john adamsuincy adams, andrew johnson, now president trump. this is bloomberg. ♪ ♪ alix: -- i-55 a barrel for the but it feels like -- -- 55 a barrel for the first time since february. i wonder how it can move on its own. guy: a few things to say on that, i'm surprised the market --, i read to the saudi decision that lockdowns are having a much bigger effect on the demand side than the market is anticipating. 7/10 ofs down today by 1%. aluminum is down, nickel is down, silver is down really hard. for the metals complex, it's really beginning to turn. you wonder whether or not there is something in the coal mine. those metals were a big part of the -- and the expectation that china will power ahead, people have been piling into metals for a couple of months now. if it is starting to week and you want to pay attention. the dollar has been higher with the exception of the cable rate and you do have to wonder how much that is putting pressure on industrial metals and has been stockpiling undermine -

and there is this story that he presented john adams, john quincy adams with a alligator. john quincy adams not knowing what to do with that put the alligator in the east room. i guess that is where alligators wh6fl> stored because at that point in time remember the eastern wasn't finished yet. it was a surgejgcÑi space, so i guess that sort of hold up. but if you know anything about john quincy adams, he was meticulous with his no taking and his diaries, and he was the kind of guy that when he won for a walk in the city, he would identify plants and trees and flowers and then try to remember their lot names. and he would record them. it was the way that he was teaching himself the latin names of the plants and trees. so i find it hard to believe the john quincy adams would not have mentioned in his diaries that he received a alligator. it seems like a pretty standout event. right? but let's keep digging. a gust levassor who was lafayette secretary and then published accounts of travels, what they said, and, did he mention seeing alligators during the voyage to savannah in

that john adams hoped for, everything short of canada, that benjamin franklin had hoped for. much beyond what they expected. but what was promised on paper, was very different than the reality in the growing decades of the united states may 5th 1961, the united states, took the first small step on this journey to the moon. america's first man in space, allen shepard. lifted 216 miles, by the red stone rockets. 70,000 pounds of thrust. ten years later the launch vehicle is saturn five. with the thrust of seven and a half million tons. on january 31st 19, 71. the crew apollo 14 would leave earth, on their mission to the moon. the man who began our first decade, of man's spaceflight. would command the mission, that would close that decade. allen shepard. with him, stewart -- who would orbit the moon alone, while him and edgar mitchell explored the surface. their destination, a rugged area of lunar highlands called fra mauro. a poll 13 aborted as the closest to the moon. but now we're going to try again. but why fra mauro. >> what happened to the moon during the first years, a pe

presidents papers, john adams, john quincy adams and personal papers of thomas jefferson. as we wind down this year, what a year it's been. i want to take the opportunity to thank all of you who attended our virtual program over the course of the last nine months. if you have regularly tuned in for our virtual program or if this is your first interaction for the historical society, we want to express gratitude for your engagement during this stressful time. with all of the challenges the pandemic has brought, we are grateful that we cannot fully maintain or grow our community so thank you for coming on this journey with us. among all the other things that make the 2021 of the books hundredth anniversary of the mayflower voyage in colony. the pandemic is national to market will to get something of a small program series looking at this. this will be the last we've had. previous programs the virtual about a look at the music programs and a look at the life of winslow. these programs are currently posted on our youtube channel as are many other virtual programs we run the pas

john adams won the majority of those second votes, so he would be vice president.the bill of rights diffused anti federalist opposition, a coalition of anti federalists that had arisen quickly to try to respond to the constitution, but fairly late. it was too late to stop ratification, really. and once the bill of rights was clear that it was going to be ratified, it really diffuse their main issue, their main public issue, with anti federalists arguing that the new constitution was so powerful it would take rights away from individuals, and the bill of rights was a compromise the federalists made to try to ensure opponents of the constitution that the national government would still provide rights to individuals. with the bill of rights well on its way to being the constitution, anti federalists had no issue to keep them together. the new government then moved quickly to fix these problems of the 1700 eighties. congress established the federal judicial system, and for revenue, one of the problems of the articles of confederation was at the national government had

that so he like parties, although martha was not there, but by the time john adams became president,e had none of that. he decided he would have no parties at all, and apparently he went to his boarding house and had dinner. so the first ball that we know of, was in this town which was president madison. that was an 1809. dolly madison, love to have parties. so the first one they had, was in a hotel. we saw over the succeeding in the years ahead parties, and sometimes it was called a ball, sometimes it was called a party. but it wasn't until the late 18 forties, that they really began to get in the theme of having an event, of special nature here. and they started to build temporary buildings, in this square of washington, for part of that. now one of the things about the inauguration, the constitution is very clear about how the president will assume power. it says very explicitly, in the amendment that he will do it on january 20th at noon. and there is the appointed, oath of allegiance, or oath of office that he has, which is a wonderful 37 word thing, but he preserve protect and

. >> those like john brennan, adam schiff, and others, also acting as terrorists because they are also undermining our constitution by trying to take away our civil liberties and rights that are guaranteed to us. >> harris: plus, president biden has issued a slew of executive orders. we've been talking about those. the kind of thing he use to criticize when he was a presidential candidate. is this any way to govern? that's what some are asking. is it going to be bipartisan legislation? >> things you can't do by executive order and less you're a dictator. we are a democracy. we need consensus. ♪ ♪ we are the thrivers. women with metastatic breast cancer. our time... ...for more time... ...has come. living longer is possible- and proven in postmenopausal women taking kisqali plus fulvestrant. in a clinical trial, kisqali plus fulvestrant helped women live longer with hr+, her2- metastatic breast cancer. and it significantly delayed disease progression. kisqali can cause lung problems or an abnormal heartbeat, which can lead to death. it can cause serious skin reactions, liver problems, a

. >> for more than 220 years since george washington yieldsed the presidency to john adams, the peaceful transfer of power has been a hallmark of our democracy. the will of the american people reign supreme over the will of individual people. every single president has honored to upholds the principles until now. donald trump lost his bid for re-election last november. it was a free and last election. his own election security director called it the most secure election in u.s. history. for two months donald trump has refused to accept the will of the american people. over and over again he's told his supporters he didn't really lose. the election was stolen from him and from them. as they grew anger ri and an griier he told them it was way to keep him in power. as congress certified the result, the president made his move. he directed his supporters to travel to washington for rally to stop the steal. they did. he then once assembled he had one final request. march to the capitol and do what it takes to help me hold onto power. we will never give up. you don't fight like hell, you're no

i'm sorry, not calhoun, john quincy adams. remember -- how did you all characterize john quincy adams when you read his autobiography, as a person? entitled. uh-huh. what else? >> arrogant. dr. kastor: arrogant. really impressed with himself. obnoxious, complaining constantly. so, he asks his wife, john quincy adams is always the smartest guy in the room -- intellectually -- and the dumbest guy in the room interpersonally and he knows it. she puts out fires when they emerge socially. i would ask you and edith wilson -- where do we see this in edith wilson's narrative, her time in the white house. if you need to, take a moment to revisit it. what does she spend her time doing. dr. kastor: yeah. >> she sows red cross gear -- dr. kastor: she models the notion that american citizens should be volunteering for the cause. when she's not doing that, how should she be spending her days? >> horseback riding. dr. kastor: she does go horseback riding. i think she's from an old virginia family, a lot of horse riders in that family. >> in h

john adams, john quincy adams, andreandrew jackson. it's not unprecedented. it hasn't happened since 1873 through the nose will continue -- the news will continue. >> this is a fox news alert. president trump is condemning the capitol building siege and calling for healing across the nation. as he continues to face sharp criticism over the chaos wednesday following a speech where he disputed election results. the president is calling the violence unacceptable and promising know a peaceful transition of power. watch. >> the demonstrators who infiltrated the capital have defiled the seed of american democracy. to those who engaged in the acts of violence and destruction, you do not represent our country. to those who broke the law, you will pay. the new administration will be inaugurated on january 20. my focus now turns to ensuring a smooth, orderly, and seamless transition of power. >> president trump today also tweeting that he will not be going to the inauguration on january 24 and he will just be the fourth president in u.s. history not to attend in the fi

he will meet john quincy adams and henry clay. n quincy adams will come to paris with him and they will both go to science lectures in paris and hang around together. literally, there is a sense that going to europe means paying a call to humboldt. charles willson peale, as he gets to the end of his life, i love this late self portrait of him because to me it introduces one of his closest friends. it is like they are drinking buddies. what i like about this is it is a nod to the thing that put peale's museum on the map. it is the thing that drew humboldt into their orbit. it is the thing that encapsulates the thing that peale is most proud of. that humboldtian experience seemed important to bring into focus. of course, with the mastodon itself right here, where you can literally see across it and through it and get yourself to peale's museum to the smithsonian. that is why the bust of humboldt is here. this is a bust that came to the smithsonian in 1860, the year after humboldt died. it has been with us ever since. it normally pres

. >> for more than 220 years, since george walk yielded the presidency to john adams, the peaceful transfer of power has been a hall mark of our democracy. in this country the will of the american people reigns supreme over the ambitions of any individual. every single president has honored and upheld these principles until now. donald trump lost his bid for re-election last november. it was a free and fair election. president trump's own director called it the most secure election in u.s. history. but for two months donald trump has refused to accept the will of the american people. over and over again he told his supporters he didn't really lose, the election was stolen. as they grew angrier and angrier, he told them there was still a way to keep him in power. as congress prepared to meet to certify the results of the presidential election, the president made his move. he directed his supporters to travel to washington for a rally to stop the steal. they did. once assembled, he had one final request. march to the capitol. we will never give up. we will never concede, he told them. if you

the other for john adams, john quincy adams and not unprecedented, but it hasn't happened since 1869.hat decision, doggedly a reflection of the bitter political environment gripping the nation's capital is fewer than two weeks remain in the president's term in office. top house republican says he plans to speak with mister bide about working together to lower the temperature and unite the country to solve america's challenges. but his counterpart in the house , speaker nancy pelosi is missing the second impeachment of the president accusing him o inciting the mob to storm the capital. those articles may be avoided pelosi says if the president immediately resigns. topping it all off, the house speaker called the nation's top general, to ensure that president trump doesn't launch nuclear attack. this is mister biden a peer the senators of being part of the big lie about election fraud. and invoking propagandists joseph goebbels. >> you keep repeating the light and repeating the lie. he labeled the utterly shameful writing in a statement this is undignified, immature and intemperate beha