military over and over again including the general regulations of the army by secretary of war john c calhoun in 1821. all of these rules said you had to treat prisoners of war humanely, you had to provide them with food and shelter and you could not summarily execute them. and every one of the leading confederate officers and indeed almost all the confederate officers, because most of them are west point graduates had studied these rules and learned about these rules and had applied these rules why they -- while they were in the united states army. the confederate government adopts the regulations of the army of confederate states and among other things, when they adopt these regulations they adopt verbatim in the u.s. articles of war. the existing rules on how you treat prisoners of war in 1860 are the same for the confederate army in 1865. they had changed for the united states because during the war, the united states issued the liber code, written by francis lieber, he had spent most of his life in north carolina -- his code sets out against further rules for the treatment of prisoners o

henry clay, john c. calhoun, and daniel webster were senate leaders but never majority or minority leaders for the simple fact the positions did not then exist. as then-professor woodrow wilson wrote in the senate no one may speak for his party as well as for himself. no one exercises the special trust of acknowledged leadership. so you had a lot of different people who were prominent but the position of leader at the time did not exist. now the origins of majority and minority leader are the product of several historical factors. perhaps the main reason the two positions developed was in response to the rise of the activist president. that is to say that the office of party leader developed largely in response to the need for the senate to be able to work with and react to the president's legislative agenera. -- agenda. and this notion really began to take hold in the early part of the 20th century, right around world war i. in the latter half of the 19th century, the agenda for the senate floor was set by the