i want to say to our republican friends, you came up with a good idea in 1993 introduced by john chafee, the senator from rhode island and cosponsored by 23 republicans, an alternative to hillary care in 1993. republicans got the ideas from the heritage foundation. they turned out to be pretty good ideas. and they include, one, every state would have an exchange. people couldn't get health care, they could buy hair health care coverage as -- they could buy their health care coverage as part of the exchange. the idea from chafee and others was a tax credit to buy down the cost of health insurance, buy down the cost of coverage for lower-income people. when their income reached a certain level the tax credit went away. that was in the 1993. individual mandate, said basically folks, you've got to get coverage and there's going to be a fine, you have to pay a fine if you don't. you can't make people get coverage but the idea was to make people get coverage. the employer mandate was the fourth concept. the fourth concept said employers with a certain size, 50 or 100 employees, eventually you