cuz the task and for more on this, my 1st guess today is john chon, at the carnegie mellon institute for security and technology. welcome to data of the news africa, and you've published fascinating research into all clues, worldwide, going back to 1945 and africa, as you've observed, is the global. if a central please don't want to just start by telling us more about your main findings professor yeah, well the 1st thing i'm important finding is that not all kids are the same. so when we talk about their being the resurgence of cruise in africa, there's actually been multiple research and says, because we can distinguish between on the one hand, for example, we're seeing change twos that seek to say over throw democratically elected government. as recently happened to niger or leader were shuffling twos that in fact, are trying to preserve the incumbent regime like we saw in chat just a few years ago to try to come to tab the deputy machine continue empower motors such. so there is a lot of variety of shoes and that actually makes it more particularly difficult to gain traction to sa

john ross, senior fellow at chon gang institute. university of china joining us from london and alfred zayat, lawyer, writer and historian joining us from geneva, gentlemen, i'd like to welcome you both to the game here uh to the program here, and i'm going to start it off with you uh, mr. john ross, if you could uh joining us here, mr. john ross, recently we saw bricks expand, just a month and a half ago to to absorb saudi arabia, iran, i believe it was ethiopia, the united arab arab. argentina and egypt and then there are dozens of countries that are voicing strong interests to be absorbed. this is the first absorption in the last 13 years. my question to you, why the frenzy? well, i don't think it's a frenzi, it's a logical process of what's been taking place in the world, which is at the present time the us is a big absorber of capital international, it can't even finance its own investment, it it it is dependent increasingly. development of its own economy of for its investment upon capital take from other countries which they