the vast majority of the run aways as documents by john franklin's book never really left the south. but the numbers of them that ran away on an annual basis ranged from anywhere from 25 to 30,000 to 50,000 a year. people would just get up and split. what they were doing was they find something that was problematic to what was being done with their families or whatever and they would end up leaving the plantation until such time as they could establish a basis for renegotiating their relationship with the plantation. and that might mean by way of example they've been working for hire and not getting any money. so they say i'll come back but you have to split whatever wages i earn 50/50 with me and they use that to buy their own freedom or that of their family. a variety of the straight joy are carried out in that context. within this whole process, if you will, gaining freedom during the period of slavery, one of the other methods used was to enroll or enlist in the military. gayle buckley, could you speak briefly about the diverse ways in which enslaved africans actually ended up be

dubois or john franklin, the black american authors had the biggest imprint on me intellectually. >> host: this is booktv our monthly "in depth" program. randall kennedy is a guest. this e-mail is from frieda williams from albany, calif.. why have previous attempt at achieving reparations for blacks in the past failed such as randall robinson's attempt. and state intervention, and good living conditions, sustained focus on black inner-city youths and rural areas. >> guest: the reparations story is a complicated one. hand quite allergic to any talk of preparation. and repudiated claims of reparations. reparations -- i am for reparations. stated as reparations, black americans have not gotten them and that won't change anytime soon. why is that the case? there are a number of reasons. ignorance of the american past and the degree to which black americans have oppressed society not only informally but also by the state apparatus, the state of the united states. the federal government of the united states. when it was the leading force behind slavery, a leading force behind segregation.

john hope franklin, the authors who i think -- the black american authors who have had the biggest imprints on me intellectually. >> host: this is book tv on c-span2. this is our monthly in depth program. randall kennedy is our guest, and this e-mail came from by freda of al ban, california. why have previous attempts at achieving reparations for blacks in the past failed, such as randall robinson's attempt. please give me your thoughts on the possibility of a massive state intervention that would build strong health, educational, and good living conditions with a sustained focus on black inner cities and rural areas. >> guest: the reparation story is a complicated one. on one hand the american society has been quite allergic to any talk of reparations and has very strongly reputated claims for reparations. i think wrongly. i think reparations would be -- i'm for retch -- reparations, but as stated as reparations, black americans have not gotten them. and that's not going to change anytime soon. why is that the case? a number of reasons. one reason is just ignorance of the american past and

who kicked up their heels newspaper publisher william randolph hearst and president franklin delano roosevelt and johneverything go at today? >> reporter: actor fred gwynn best known as tv's herman mun must have made a pretty ugly woman at the pudding. jack lemmon, on the other hand, took to it so well he climbed into high heels like an old pro for "some like it hot. ". >> how do they walk in these things? how do they keep their balance. >> reporter: and your humble correspondent, i served as president of the theatricals and co-authored the 142nd showed "swayed expectations." it's the most fun i've ever had. i even made the front page of the "boston herald" with the pudding's 1989 man of the year robin williams. every year the show honors a man and woman, a cavalcade of stars comes to cambridge to be celebrated, sort of. >> our 2012 woman of the year is claire dane. ( cheers and applause ) >> reporter: earlier this year actress claire dane prove she could play along and received the coveted pudding pot. how will this award affect the price you command per movie? >> i will get 25 gajillin dollars for e

franklin convenient, senator ken, my own senator, john kerry. there are a number of people. does not explain callousness. you can be very wealthy. warren buffett certainly is. bill gates, and have some compassion. in mitt romney's case, he simply has decided to go with whatever will advance him. and we are at a point in american history when the right wing has taken over the republican party to a degree that no ideologically farout group has ever run in the american party. they want to substantially increase. they want to go further in afghanistan and invade syria, do all these other things. cut taxes and reduce the deficit. the only way you do that is by cutting social security, medicare and every program that tries to enhance the quality of life at home. >> congressman barney frank, you have given us an excellent description of mitt romney and help us understand the paul ryan budget. for that we are grateful. thank you. >>> stay with us. >> it's time for wisconsin to do what i did the other day. in sheboygan. not just bowl one strike. not just bowl two strikes. but to bowl

cleveland, they went to the republican who lost to a democrat in 1944 to doing instead of franklin, instead of johnpath to 270 from obama that doesn't require either ohio and florida. you can't do that with the republican nominee. what if mitt rom. >> were to pick florida's marco rubio? >> i think that would be a smart pick. he's in trouble with hispanics. he's 6 to 1 rid now and he has to cut that 3-1. i agree with florida is a heavy lift. i gave the president some very good advice, and florida is really tough and democratic parties, save your $40 million in some place else and they went down and won florida. i know how tough florida is. it's about six states in one. it's very, very complicated state, but they went before and he just has an unbelievable team. i think he knows where every vote in america is will vote for obama. i'm not kidding. >> he's the guy you want to have on your team then, larry sabato and howard dean. good to see you both. >> thank you. >>> it is time now for another edition of "number ones." we begin with the woes of catching some zs. the website 24/7 wall street uses resea

benjamin franklin claimed, for example, thatthe invention of a machine is of more importance than a masterpiece by raphael." john adams said, "the age of painting and sculpture has not arrived in this country, and i hope it will not arrive soon. i would not give a sixpence for a picture of raphael." nevertheless, admiration for the artist became so great th copies of his works grew in number, especially of the madonna of the chair. merchants and landowners placed these copies in rooms filled with family portraits and memorabilia. unlike jefferson's monticello, the copy after raphael might now be the only art relating to an old master in the room. the attitude toward raphael changed during the 19th century. through prints and the new medium of photography, copies of his sistine madonna and other works proliferated. once mass-produced, they were no longer a mark of taste and distinction but symbolized their owner's moral as well as artistic values. eventually, raphael's images became so commonplace they were fair game for parody. in the late 19th century, a new, more sophisticated type of collector arose in americ

franklin. and it is a little bit later, 1787, but the receipt is from a man named john dunlap. and john dunlap was the official printer of the declaration of independence when it was issued on the 4th of july in 1776, they sent approval, the approved declaration to john dunlap who would typeset it and he printed 200 broad size, which at that time was the size of a regular newspaper sheet. there are only 25 copies of the original declaration still in existence. another couple of autographs that are interesting, alexander hamilton, aaron burr. they fought a famous dual. the collector framed these autographs together and in the middle of it is a picture of the two of them fighting the dual. one from aaron burr is a letter of routine legal matters from december of 1800. and the one from alexander hamilton is also a legal paper from 1795. this autograph by john quincy adams where he signed as secretary of state, and it is routine departmental business, from january 16th of 1818. john quincy adams was one of america's great secretaries of state, arranging with england for the joint o

refuse to follow it in fact he said chief justice john marshall has made his decision let him in force that marshall could similarly lincoln and franklin roosevelt both try to regulate the supreme court as a new organ gingrich pointed out a few months ago check this out just like jefferson jackson lincoln and f.d.r. i would be prepared to take on the judiciary if and tried to do not restrict it so from what it was doing. i never ever ever in my life thought i'd agree with newt gingrich but he's right and so is the dean of stanford law school larry kramer wrote a book entire book titled the people themselves the phrase the jefferson used when he talks about who should determine the constitutionality of laws instead of the supreme court instead we have a supreme court that has become so powerful that scalia and thomas claim they're even above the judicial code of conduct that every other federal judge has to follow a supreme court that has become the lord of our land founders didn't intend this it's a corruption of our constitution and nothing will happen until enough people wake up this isn't a left or right issue again new freedom rich

franklin and it's a little bit later than revolutionary. it's 1787. but the print -- the receipt is from a man named john dounn lap. when it was issued on the 4th of july in 1776, they sent the approved dela krags to john doeslop and he printed 200 broad size which at about that time was the size of about a regular newspaper sheet. there were only 25 copies of the real declaration still in existence. another couple of autographs that are interesting is alexander hamilton and aaron burr. they fought a famous duel so the collector put both of those together and in the middle of it is a picture of the two of them fighting the duel. the one from aaron burr is a letter of routine legal matters from december of 1800. and the one from alexander hamilton is also a legal paper from 1795. this autograph, by john quincy adams, where he signed as the secretary of state and it's routine, departmental business from january 16th of 1818. john quincy adams, who's one of america ew's great secretaries of state, arranging with england for the joint occupation of the oregon territory and obtaining from spain, the cessation of the flo

another example is john dickinson's "the patriotic american farmer" and his elbow rests on magna carta. but it also continues later in our history. what you're looking at is franklin roosevelt's third inaugural address, and the detail here says the democratic aspiration is no mere recent phase in human history. it blazed anew in the middle ages. it was written in magna carta. so, as late as the onset of world war ii fdr is still referring back to the legacy of magna carta. so, we think that this new interactive device is going to give a lot more strength to the display of magna carta, allow our visitors to have a deeper understanding not of just why the document is important, but how it connects to our charters of freedom. >> you can watch american artifacts and other "american history tv" programs any time by visiting our website, cspan.o cspan.org/history. >> i've mark barkus, i'm head of the lcv project, lcv stands for local content vehicle. we've got three of them. the purpose of the vehicles is to collect programming outside of washington, d.c. how do we do it? we staff each one with one person and a laptop editor so they are able to roll, produce, and edit t

benjamin franklin claimed, for example, thatthe invention of a machine is of more importance than a masterpiece by raphael." john adams said, "the age of painting and sculpture has not arrived in this country, and i hope it will not arve soon. i would not give a sixpence for a picture of raphael." nevertheless, admiration for the artist became so great th copies of his works grew in number, especially of the madonna of the chair. merchants and landowners placed these copies in rooms filled with family portraits and memorabilia. unlike jefferson's monticello, the copy after raphael might now be the only art relating to an old master in the room. the attitude toward raphael changed during the 19th century. through prints and the new medium of photography, copies of his sistine madonna and other works proliferated. once mass-produced, they were no longer a mark of taste and distinction but symbolized their owner's moral as well as artistic values. eventually, raphael's images became so commonplace they were fair game for parody. in the late 19th century, a new, more sophisticated type of collector arose in america:

in franklin county, part of the four county metro area, this is the largest cache of votes for john mccain'story in 2008. this is a swing area for the general election, which is why since he has been president, president obama has had ten events in columbus, ohio. we'll be right back after thi this. their claim service is so good, noit's guaranteed. [ foreman ] so i can trust 'em. unlike rdy. dolr for dollar, nobody protects you like allstate. immerse yourself in all over relief with alka seltzer plus. it's specially formulated to speed relief to every inch of you. liquidate your flu symptoms with alka seltzer plus. is now within your grasp with the all-new e-trade 360 investing dashboard. e-trade 360 is the world's first investing homepage that shows you where all your investments are and what they're doing with free streaming quotes, news, analysis and even your trade ticket. everything exactly the way you want it, all on one page. transform your investing with the all-new e-trade 360 investing dashboard. >> bret: welcome back to historic union terminal in cincinnati, as we preview the sup

franklin with the presbyterian rush. he had tremendous impact on others. john wesley filed. the father of mathis to be read something called ways of overcoming slavery. when he wrote this pamphlet he said that took almost everything . he wrote in apologized. no need of apology. i'm very happy. no idea of a celestial property law in those days. and then of course the founder of antislavery in england. something called the somerset case. the somerset case was basically the idea that any time a free man to lead automatically become free. it tested that in england. and his pamphlets, every member of their parliament. eventually got it. and many others. had a tremendous impact. somerset was freed. blacks in america about this meant that if they ran from virginia to massachusetts they would be free, but it did not work. they thought it was because freedom soon spirit is supplying, but it wasn't. the one slave. then he had a tremendous influence on people in france. he found something called the society for the friends of blacks. what that was was the first time that the british --

franklin. they insist, quote, santorum cannot copy up in ohio. almost 90% of the votes in. and as you can see, too close to call. charles krauthammer coming up and johnght ahead. back in 3 minutes. stay here on america's election headquarters. i love that my daughter's part fish. but when she got asthma, all i could do was worry ! >> >>. >> and my hands were full. i couldn't sort through it all. with unitedhealthcare, it's different. we have access to great specialists, and our pediatrician gets all the information. everyone works as a team. and i only need to talk to one person abouter care. we're more than 78,000 people looking out for 70 million americans. that's health in numbers. itedhealthcare.