chris beyrer of the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health. think about how the vaccines relate into this equation, should we be recalibrating them to account for the variant, should we just be giving everyone a third shot of the vaccines that already exist? dr. beyrer: the first most important thing to say is we are only at 51% of all americans who are eligible for a vaccine being fully immunized. the first and most important thing is many more people need to be immunized. we have three safe and highly efficacious vaccines with emergency use authorization, and we are not using them enough. number two, we probably will see a recommendation on boosters, but for people with immunosuppression and immunocompromised. right now the data is suggesting the vaccines we have are holding up robustly against serious disease with delta. what we are seeing is an epidemic of the unvaccinated. kailey: the vaccines seem to be holding up against delta but i'm reading about the lambda variant which may be more resistant. it seems the variants just keep coming. h

inhabitants respectively. manual franco is a professor of epidemiology and public health at the university of color and madrid, and then john hopkins school of public health in the us. i asked him what might explain the differences between the neighborhoods. one of them, what is the quality of housing and the amount of people living with you within the same household unit where we know so far is that you live in a small last 56 people. it's pretty much impossible to keep the social distance thing that we are right now encouraging people to get the way our cities are segregated and organized nowadays. and you doesn't matter if it's madrid, barcelona london or new york is some people get to choose or to pick where they want to live and others don't get to choose. and that's because of also where he started to reasons. it's not a fancy area with that, with lots of renewal, then the perfect pays were low income people and kneeling against going to come on list. so at the end, you have an, a mixture of low income, elderly people with immigrants from different countries of origin getting to live in these areas where we are seeing high rates of

andy pekosz now, with johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health -- i should note that it is mr.'s philanthropy at johns hopkins. i noticed the cdc -- is the normal operation of measles, mumps, and rubella, 15 months old, then a booster shot at 5-year-old, and it is a no big deal. why is a booster shot of covid a big deal? andy: right now, we are dealing with massive surges of cases. with the measles virus, case numbers are normally quite low, so vaccination rates that give you moderate immunity initially are enough to keep the virus down. you then boost the immunity later to get a protectant -- protection for most of your lifetime. sars-cov-2 is starting to change a little bit. not as much as influenza, but it is showing the ability to change. and we have not gotten anywhere close to the level of immunity in the population to keep case numbers down. so we are still working out how to keep a long-term covid-19 policy, but i think everybody leaves we will be dealing with covid-19 for the long-term. tom: is your perspective -- and i am looking at "the miami herald," where the lads

taylor: thank you put executive director of the international vaccine axis center on the john hopkins bloomberg school of public health. vesicle is supported by the founder -- that is supported by the parent company of this network and bloomberg philanthropies. from new york, this is bloomberg. caroline: we are focused on the global vaccine rollout and how we are going to companies behind those efforts. moderna shows the vaccine generated it was making more than double the antibodies than other vaccines. pfizer had a days and has been the performer of the days. -- had a couple event days but has been the best performer of the year. taylor: this is on the terminal. spx l1 index, this is the member rate returns year to date. it is moderna, a whopping 261 percent return. outperforming the s&p 500. let us see the impact on the bottom line. sam, let us take away the boost to the stock given the mrna technology. what has been the boost from the covid 19 vaccine specifically to this stock? >> covid-19 vaccine is the thing that has driven the moderna share price. it is the company, the company was years away from having the p

jonathan: joshua sharfstein there, johns hopkins school of public health vice dean. hink about -- the daily average of vaccines administered in this country, 706,300 23 doses per day -- 70 6,323 doses per day. tom: just seeing it continue on his half the battle. i saw a working number 71% vaccinated. clearly, experts are telling us it is not good enough. jonathan: it is not enough. lisa: especially because it is uneven. the new york times did a great study showing the estate, whether above or below average, and the number of cases. the fewer people vaccinated, the more you're seeing an uptick in cases now. you wonder how idiosyncratic does this come, how does a national level target state level parameters? jonathan: disparity in headline numbers firsters -- had numbers for sure. wednesday is your cpi report in the united states of america. 1.2750 in 10's. the euro-dollar, 1.175. president wiseman sounding like president of eiseman. -- it is a question of credibility. that in a german newspaper this morning. look out below crude. down almost a percentage points last we

it's on pediatric hospitalizations which is front and center for johns hopkins school of public healthpeople i believe, little children, hospitalized. do they get sick the same way we get sick or is there something unique to pediatric hospitalizations? >> generally speaking, kids get the same kinds of complications that adults have but they are also admitted for the condition of an immune response to the action so it could be a mild infection and then they get the immune response that can be quite serious. it's what adult get plus for kids. it's a smaller number than adults but the number has been rising so where is the highest number of pediatric hospitalizations are at the highest ever and it's almost a third over the previous high of january. that's why hospital beds are filling up across the south. tom: what is holding the authorities back from allowing for a vaccine for those under 12? >> the frustrating thing is we don't know the answer to that. i think it would be helpful for the food and drug administration to be more transparent about the situation step there have been studies

the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health is supported by michael r bloomberg, the founder of blue erg lpn blue erg philanthropies -- bloomberg lp and bloomberg philanthropies. college students are also going back and facing the delicate task of all of these universities trying to update safety protocols. 45% of 18 to 24-year-olds are fully vaccinated. that is a stunning statistic for me. how do you do that when these college kids have more freedom? taylor: the only sort of good anecdote we can bring to the story is the cost of tuition. it has been out of control. in the past, it is usually been that you see huge increases. here we see the cpi in college tuition being more affordable. from some of the stimulus checks, schools have done a good job passing out stimulus to individual students and using more from their endowments and stopping some tuition freezes as they try to share the burden. that has maybe been a bright spot in all of this. caroline: annette was just speaking to inequity within the school system. but also, in the university systems. universities that are in

makary, professor from johns hopkins school of public health and a fox news contributor. dr. mandatory vaccination program and you think they should be testing people for anti-bodies for naturally acquired anti-bodies from having had covid? you think that part of the argument holds up? >> for teachers and for those of us that are healthcare workers, it makes sense as long as we're factoring in natural immunity. it's reasonable. >> tell me about how -- dr. redfield who i spoke to and we played that sound bite, he said because this was he believed built in the wuhan lab, this virus, the variants that we're getting are super charged essentially and they're able to transmit in a faster way than if this were a regularly naturally occurring virus. do you agree with that? >> it is a theory that's been circulating. i talked to virologists that say it has credibility. normally 99% of a virus mutations are downward, less severe and get outperformed by the more contagious strain, which is delta. given this virus made have had breaks in unnatural places -- if you go to nextstrain.org --

of them, unvaccinated, get ready to head back to school. dr. joshua steen served at the fda, now vice dean of the johns hopkins school of public health.the past 18 months, i've had people across the political spectrum claim that kids are low risk. that covid isn't a threat to kids. it's certainly not true during this era of the delta variant, is it? >> i think that for a long time, we've been distracted by just the overwhelming force that covid-19 has for older adults. if you just, you know, take that comparison out and just look at what's happening to children because they're children, because we care about children, the risks are quite high. they're higher than most other diseases that kids are encountering and it could get worse and you know, those risks include not only the immediate threat of hospitalization or worse, but the intermediate threat of an immune reaction to the infection and the long-term threat of long covid. so there are risks. those risks are not astronomical, every child's going to get sick, but we really don't think like that in pediatrics. we want to prevent rare, serious illness in kids and this is a disease t

of being released. our other protocol is there's illness, they're referred to local health systems for appropriate testing, diagnosis, isolation and treatment. that's our process. >> dr. marty makary from johns hopkins school of publicributor. welcome back. she says when they can, they use alternate detention programs for people that come across covid mossive, which is not true because they're given over to catholic charities and they put them in hotels. they're totally unsupervised. jen psaki says they're told to wear masks. none of this stuff is happening. that is all untrue because we've seen it first hand in some of these border cities where people and migrants are going into these hotels and they're unsupervised. >> when you're talking about difficult populations like immigrants, oftentimes the stated policy is very different from what is happening on the ground. there's enough reports now on the ground that there's basically open transmission of the infection. you know, from a public health standpoint, you can't have a double standard. there's no borders when it comes to epidemics. what we have to recognize, there's an influx of nonimmune people spreading this. >> i want to ask you this. the title 42, we've he

chris is professor of epidemiology at the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health and prior president of the international aids society. maureen is associate director for aids research at the national institutes of health and director of the n.i.h. office of aids research. we have coming in remotely adeeba kamarulzaman, president of the international aids society. welcome, adeeba. she's a former dean of the faculty of medicine and is a professor of medicine and infectious diseases at the university of malaysia in kuala lumpur. welcome, adeeba. delighted to have you here today. adeeba: thank you for having me. stephen: this is a hybrid event. we have some experts in the audience and we will call on them later in the program. we will come in with some questions and we're delighted to welcome them. special thanks to our colleagues at the global health policy center, particularly mckenzie, michael randallman, noel, who has come to help us today. special thanks to our csis production team, graham, emma, mary, denish, and we're delighted that c-span can join us today to broadcast this event

school systems have to make the right decisions. we have to not all backup and go out to do battle against the pandemic again. jon: it just keeps going. i was the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public healthom new york city this morning, alongside tom and ann lisa abramowicz, i'm jonathan ferro. all-time highs in the equity market. futures down 21, negative .5% on the s&p. yields coming in, down eight basis points friday, declining yesterday again, again this morning. : negative four basis points. crude softer as well, lower, lighter, off by .7%. $66 and $.83. tom: retail sales, this will be important. the pandemic, it is so important to get up to speed. the nation is not up to speed. i guess it is a fourth wave, even though i don't believe in waves. here we are. amos dollar has been in this. doctor, an open question to begin. what are you concerned about in this fourth wave. -- wave? >> what i'm concerned about is the certain states that have not enough of their high risk population vaccinated putting hospitals into crisis. i think it is about eight states or so constitute about 51% of all covid hospitalizations. but we have is a regional problem. those hospitals are under stress and in

from the johns hopkins school of public health, scholar there.you do i this doctor, a booster shot, who needs it? >> right now we know immunocompromised people need three doses up front there is good data to support that. that is a decision came out a couple weeks ago. when it comes to the general healthy population i think it is more muddled. we don't have good data we're seeing break through infections landing people in the hospital. that to me is the real threshold. i would like to see a lot more clinical data to support this decision. neil: so the vulnerable part of the population that the president was addressing last night, those who have compromised immune systems or and/or are elderly, that is a subset obviously of the population, a big one by the way but is it even necessary for them or is it a case-by-case basis? >> definitely if you have had solid organ transplant, high doses of steroids or immunosuppressant, my mother on humira, she got a third dose that is data to support the use of a third dose. when we look at general healthy popul

of them unvaccinated, get ready to head back to school. doctor joshua shafts dean is a pediatrician he is now the vice deed of the john hopkins skin's bloomberg school of public healthr, thank you for coming on the show. for the past 18 months i've had people across the political spectrum claim kids are low risk and covid is not a threat to the. i'm not sure if that was ever really true, but it's certainly not true with the delta variant, is it? >> i think for a long time we've been distracted by just the overwhelming force that covid has for older adults. if you take that comparison out and look at what's happening to children, because we care about children, the risks are quite high. they are higher than most other diseases kids are encountering. it could get worse. those risks not only include the immediate threat of hospitalization, or worse, but the intermediate threat of immune reaction to the infection and the a long term threat of long covid. there are risks. those risks are not astronomical. every kid can get sick, but we don't really think like that in pediatrics. we think we want to protect rare severe cases of illness in kids, this is a disease that does

marty makary, professor of health policy at the johns hopkins bloom berg school of public health andter shot business. eight months, six months, five months, do we need one? when do you need one? >> well, good to see you, paul. you know, it's unclear. the data right now are not in, and some say the government jumped the gun on this recommendation because while we are seeing clearly that the u.s. vaccines are having declining efficacy against getting the infection if, it's not clear they have declining efficacy against severe illness or hospitalizations. there's some early data out of israel that may hospitalizations and severe -- may suggest hospitalizations and severe illness go up in time, but this was preparing early because in order to mobilize millions of doses, you need to start early. so the government did pre-purchase 200 million of the moderna vaccine in preparation for giving boostest, and it would probably go -- boosters, and it would probably go to the you would and to immuno-compromised conditions. paul: if you're someone who got your second moderna or pfizer in february

. >>> professor andrew is a virologist at johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health. he joins me, now, from baltimore. thanks for doing so, professor. this -- this is a fascinating issue. delta is dominating the -- the variant discussion, at the moment. what makes it so worrying? and what makes a variant dangerous? or -- or more dangerous than the previous iteration? >> well, when we look at the sequence of this virus, it has some important mutations that we think are going to affect the way the virus interacts with cells. it looks like it's going to bind more tight ly to cells. it has some mutations that might allow it to escape from some immunity that's induced by vaccination. and it, also, looks like it's approaching that works faster than other variants. so it may be, again, more efficient at getting into cells. so all that stuff, on paper, makes us think about this virus as something important. but then, on top of that, we have the epidemiological data. the -- the numbers of cases, the spread of virus, the numbers of hospitalized patients, particularly unvaccinat

let's bring in an epidemiologist, associate professor at the johns hopkins bloomberg school of public health. doctor, thanks for being with us. let's start with dr. fauci, who says that it is going to get worse before it gets better. so, what do you expect the apex of this surge to look like, and when do you expect we'll hit it? >> so, i think dr. fauci's right. we are going to see things get worse before they get better. we're seeing cases double every 10 or 11 days right now. if other countries are a fore warning of where we're going to be, probably we're going to see the peak of this two, three, four weeks from now. but we're in for a bit of a ride before we get there. >> so, as we see the peak of this, i understand that, of course, we're seeing younger people who are being hospitalized with covid, so does this peak that we'll hit in a few weeks, how does it compare to the peak we saw last fall and winter? >> yeah, so, i think that we very well could see as many cases as we saw back in the winter, but as you say, since the people who are at highest risk also happen to have higher rates of

joining me now, john hopkins school of public health, doctor marty mcsherry. what took so long?y said they had to inspect the factories themselves. although, they didn't have problems granting an accelerated approval for an alzheimer's of drugs even though they were told not to approve it. it's more erratic than i would say slow and some say will help with hesitancy but others say will ignite a massive culture war after him-- overman vaccine mandates. dagen: do you expect more vaccine mandates that it will give cover to businesses more universally to mandate the shots >> yes, a 12. i think we will hear announcements from local governments, from different agencies and organizations, from a lot of universities. if you look at what's a bryn mawr university have done they said they will probably require a booster just based on booster announcement when we really have no evidence that a booster is necessary and as you may know my concern about mandates with vaccines is that they ignore natural immunity and forget about low risk populations may be benefiting from a single dose without

john torres, senior medical correspondent, and senior scholar at the johns hopkins center for health security at the bloomberg school of public health. dr. torres, how did the fda finally make this call and dounk it's going to help convince some of the unvaccinated? >> andrea, the way they made is call is sort of on the order they did the emergency use authorization. it was pfizer first, then moderna and johnson & johnson. so pfizer was the first one to submit the data they needed, which in this case was six months of data after people got vaccinated, looking for any effects and looking for effectiveness, efficacy. they got the data and now they analyzed it, looked at manufacturing facilities and they gave full approval. the difference here being that full approval is a permanent approval, whether there's a pandemic or not. they want to make extra sure. now, as far as where this will go to give people confidence to get it, the fda is hoping that it will. as a matter of fact, the fda commissioner janet woodcock said while millions of people have already safely received covid-19 vaccines, we recognize for some, the fda approval

christopher is someone who puts travel out -- downstate, he holds court at johns hopkins and the bloomberg school of public healthlite epidemic ella just. we are thrilled -- of public health, is a lead epidemic ella just. the idea of the labor of new york city and the governor of new york state saying public enterprise, get your act together. is there a history in the pandemic that public enterprise can provide public health policy? >> well, you know, what we of course want to see is the federal government leading on this, having consistency across the state, but we have never had that in response to the coronavirus. so i think what you are seeing is that people are reluctant to speak to the need for national mandate, asking on immunization, and so it really has been up too much more local entities and the private sector to step in. i think what you're seeing is that we know these vaccines are highly safe and effective. these are the vaccines of emergency use authorization. our only way out of this is much higher immunization rate then we have been able to achieve. but in the absence of doing better on vaccines,

doctor, senior scholar at johns hopkins center for health security at the bloomberg school of public in the last 30 minutes, saying it's covid-19 vaccine remains 93% effective through the six months after the second shot. that stock, a peer play on this mrna technology, that stock is up more than 300% year to date after more than 400% gains last year. the run on this name has been unreal over the last several years. tom: they are managing this. for those of you on radio, it is simple, we get into february, march, and june we begin a moonshot, hire from call at 100 up to 450. they've got to manage the capitalistic and share return message here with the medical immediacy. they are all do this, particularly pfizer and moderna. jon: i like that phrase. i think that's the appropriate phrase for stock up almost 2000% over the lisa: lisa: last several years. lisa:lisa: isn't that the story of pharmaceutical stocks in general? they put a lot of money into research and this one was mrna research that paid huge dividends and improved its use case in a mass, very public stage. this to me is sort