john horgan has done some important work on leaving terrorism behind. clark mccollie has done work and mechanisms of organization. scott mcswan has done work and sacred values and how they enter into radicalization and leaving radicalization behind. we have done work -- empirical work -- facilities with insights into radicalization. there is a very important work that has not been done before. the challenges at this point are twofold. one is to bring together these various pieces of research carried out from different perspectives in different parts of the world with different terrorist organizations and integrate them into a coherent theory of radicalization, to understand the general principles radicalization represent. the second challenge is to take this theory and apply it. after all terrorism is not merely an academic pursuit. we want to combat terrorism and exploit our knowledge in order to reverse the process to minimize the damage terrorism is causing so the challenges to understand how these general principles manifest themselves in different

john horgan has done very important work on leaving terrorism behind, deradicalization. clark mccauley has done outstanding work on mechanisms of deradicalization. scott has done wonderful work on sacred values and how they enter into radicalization and leaving radicalization behind. michelle and myself have done work, empirical work with the tamil tigers and the abu sayyaf group in the philippines. and gained insight to the process of radicalization. so there is very important work out of there that has not been there before. i think the challenges at this point are two-fold. one is, to bring together these various pieces of research, carried out from different perspectives in different parts of the world with different terrorist organizations and integrate them into coherent theory of radicalization and the way back from radicalization to understand the general principles that radicalization represents. and the second challenge is to take this theory and apply it. we, after all, terrorism is not merely an academic pursuit. we want to combat terrorism. we want to exploi