congressman john lewis is a symbol. the last surviving speaker from the 1963 march on washington, and a hero of the civil rights era. in february 2011, john lewis received the presidential medal of freedom. the nation's highest civilian honor. he responsed the -- he sponsored the legislation to accomplish this museum. ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the honorable john lewis. [ applause ] >> good morning. >> good morning. >> thank you linda, for those kind words of introduction. mr. president, mrs. obama, mrs. bush, my colleagues from the congress, my beloved friends, what we witnessed today will go down in history. it is the substance of things hoped for and a validation of our dreams. it is the moment of people protested and struggling longed for and what our ancestors believed in. but never to be behold. it is that point of critical mass when an idea becomes so powerful, it leaves the rim of inspiration and becomes invisible, even to the untrained eye. this is an idea whose time has come. when i think about all i

one of those students was john lewis, congressman john lewis. there's a photograph of him right here. shortly after with his friend jim zwerk. nobody was killed but they were severely beaten. when the national news caught wind of that, folks who never had joined snicc before wanted to join now. and that's how the movement kept going. we're going to move down this way. we're now in washington, d.c. 1963. march on washington. you know, everybody wanted to speak tofor this march on washington. john lewis told us how there was many, many hours of meetings trying to decide this agenda. who would be part of the actual program, who would be part of the pre-program. guess who got to be part of the pre-program? they didn't want john lewis to speak as part of the pre-program because they felt was too young. the man had gone through snicc, he had gone through the freedom riders, and they said, no. we have to have our man represented, so he made the cut as one of the 12 speakers for the program. it was heavily male, minister led, and so that was the part of

. >> we'll be welcome back with congressman john lewis and lonnie bunch. >> we didn't give up, we didn't give in, we didn't get lost in a sea of despair, we kept the faith, we kept our eyes on the prize. how did this small colorado town get through tough economic times? freight rail. it attracted large companies, like vestas. we built four factories to make turbine blades, towers, and generators. creating over seventeen hundred jobs. then suppliers, stores, more companies followed, creating more jobs. economists call that the ripple effect. i call it the freight rail effect. freight rail connects every corner of america, bringing jobs and economic growth along for the ride. visit freightrailworks.org. [ male announcer ] for our families... our neighbors... and our communities... america's beverage companies have created a wide range of new choices. developing smaller portion sizes and more low- & no-calorie beverages... adding clear calorie labels so you know exactly what you're choosing... and in schools, replacing full-calorie soft drinks with lower-calorie options. with more choices a

i want to thank laura bush, secretary salazar, sam brownback, my hero congressman john lewis. wayne clough, and everybody who's worked so hard to make this possible. i'm so proud of lonnie bunch who came here from chicago, i want to point out. i remember having a conversation with him about this job when he was planning to embark on this extraordinary journey, and we could not be prouder of the work that he has done to help make this day possible. i promise to do my part by being brief. as others have mentioned, this day has been a long time coming. the idea for a museum dedicated to african-americans was first put forward by black veterans of the civil war. and years later the call was picked up by members of the civil rights generation. by men and women who knew how to fight for what was right, and strive for what is just. this is their day. this is your day. it's an honor to be here to see the fruit of your labor. it's also fitting that this museum has found a home on the national mall. as has been mentioned it was on this ground long ago that lives were once traded, where

and you had democratic congressman, john lewis. i did not realize he's the only person still alive who spoke at the march on washington in 1963. all lot of activity happening around the washington monument as they construct the african- american museum of history. >> so nice that john lewis was able to be there. new at noon -- a tough line boss is facing charges. the former upper back bench -- upper big branch mind owner is accused of conspiring against the government. 29 miners died in the april 2010 explosion, the worst u.s. mining disaster in four decades. >> seven people are dead in violent and rare -- anti- american protests in afghanistan. thousands are demonstrating for a second straight day against the accidental burning of karan's at a military base. the embassy is an lockdown and the american commander has apologized for the mistake and asked afghans to join in the investigation. >> and in syria, to western journalists have been killed in a bombing. one of them is an american work reporter who has been a foreign correspon

congressman john lewis is a symbol.iving speaker from the 1963 march on washington and a hero of the civil rights era. in february 2011, john lewis received the presidential medal of freedom. the nation's highest honor. [applause] he sponsored the legislation in the house of representatives to establish this museum. ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the honorable john lewis. [applause] >> good morning. >> good morning. >> thank you, window for those kind words of introduction. --thank you linda for those kind words of introduction. what we witnessed today it will go down in history. it is the substance and validation of our dreams. it is the moment our people protested, strouble, and longed for. it is the moment millions of our ancestors believed in. it is that point of critical mass when an idea become so powerful it leaves the rims of inspiration and becomes visible, even to the untrained eye. this is an idea whose kind -- time has come. when i think about all it took to reach this point the civil war veterans who

you write congressman john lewis was called the n word. barney frank was called a faggot and cleaver was spat upon. >> walking into the house of representatives by tea party ralliers outside of the congress. totally unacceptable in american politics. i mean, again, john lewis is an icon. let's face it, i believe. and what he has done, he should get the respect of all americans. that doesn't mean you have to worship the ground he walks on. that doesn't mean you have to agree with everything he says. but you should certainly treat him with respect. i'm friends with a lot of these republicans on the hill. i did crossfire for six years. you name it. john boehner, john mccain, all of them, i'm on good terms with all of them. and they know i disagree with their policies. but i treat them with respect, and they treat me with respect. and that's the way it ought to be. and i think some of these people in the political system today just think that anything goes. as one who has been around politics a long time, i don't think anything goes. >> wayne

congressman john lewis is a symbol.iving speaker from the 1963 march on washington and a hero of the civil rights era. in february 2011, john lewis received the presidential medal of freedom. the nation's highest honor. [applause] he sponsored the legislation in the house of representatives to establish this museum. ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the honorable john lewis. [applause] >> good morning. >> good morning. >> thank you, window for those kind words of introduction. --thank you, linda for those kind words of introduction. what we witnessed today it will go down in history. it is the substance and validation of our dreams. it is the moment our people protested, strouble, and longed for. it is the moment millions of our ancestors believed in. it is that point of critical mass when an idea become so powerful, it leaves the rims of inspiration and becomes visible, even to the untrained eye. this is an idea whose kind -- time has come. when i think about all it took to reach this point, the civil war veterans w

ladies and gentlemen, please welcome the honorable john lewis. [ applause ] >> good morning.of introduction. mr. president, mrs. obama, mrs. bush, my colleagues from the congress, my beloved friends. what we've witnessed today will go down in history. it is of substance of things so far and a validation of our treatme dreams. it is a moment of people protested and struggled and longed for. it is the moment for our ancestors to believe in. but for the eye never to behold, it is that point when an idea becomes so powerful that it leaves the realm of inspiration and becomes visible, even to the untrained eye. this is an idea whose time has come. when i think about all it took to reach this point, the black civil war veterans who took up the cause many decades ago, the first debate and the long years of silence, advocates and opponents. when i think of that championed and the election this from become become who spent half of a career introducing the museum bill and a bipartisan effort, inspired by men and women of faith, it reminds me of the words of one of my favorite poets. la

laura bush, congressman john c. lewis, linda johnson rice, dick parsons.f. this was -- i can't say enough about it. it's huge. >> it is huge. >> it is huge. it is grand. yeah. >> you look exquisite yourself. really, just from "the cosby show," you don't look a day older. tell me why this is important to you. >> the smithsonian rounds out the telling of the american experience, rounds out the telling of the american story. with the smithsonian has 18 museums and this will be the 19th. and in this one, well, this one is dedicated to, what it says, african-american history and culture. and african-american history and culture is about descendents of africans but it's also about other people as well. our stories intermine gegle, yo know. it's going to be commemorative of the entirety of the story of descendents of africans in this country. >> i assume, too there will be some sort of chapter. because we have seen michael jackson, athletes, obviously the remnants of the time of slavery and jim crow. i imagine, too, there will be something about the cosby show be

nightly news, and -- and these marches in some are campaigning for voting rights, and here you have john lewistons and the song refers to the violence in selma, and this next selection comes from that moment as well. it is a plea, urgent plea for racial understanding by otis redding, and this was recorded in the wake of the violence in selma. ♪ like i said i went to my little brother ♪ ♪ i asked my brother, brother, help me, please ♪ ♪ he turned me down, and then i go to my little brother ♪ ♪ my dear mother ♪ i said, mother, i said, mother, down on my knees ♪ ♪ there was a time that i thought ♪ ♪ i'm coming, but i know it's been so long, been so long ♪ ♪ to live through all the changes that are coming ♪ >> the other thing that's poignant about this song is that the band playing behind otis redding is an integrated band, booker t and the mgs, two black musicians and two white musicians, the stackhouse band in memphis, so -- and, of course, "change is going to come" was written by sam cook who was inspired by bob dylan's anthem "blowing in the wind" so i just wanted to -- to note the -- it's ver

it's sort of crazy. >> okay, john lewis, well, here we are in black history month. day of black history month, but it is always historic moments when we talk to you. and now it will be memorialized forever more, the record of the civil rights movement, the leaders from congress, their spouses, their relatives in the '60s. thank you so much. thanks, congressman, for being with us today. >> thank you very much. thank you. >>> and what political story is going to make headlines in the next 24 hours? contributor managing editor of post politics.com chris cillizza joins us right now. the bottom line from last night is that mitt romney's got work to do but he did win. a win is a win but on to super tuesday. where are the challenges and opportunities? >> well, andrea, i think the biggest challenge and opportunity i was watching the show, i herd gill, romney's communications director tell you there is no one state that's a must win. i would disagree with that for romney. i think if rick santorum beats him in ohio, it's going to be tough for him to make the case given the ot

congressman john lewis and others from wednesday of this week. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ o say, can you see by the dawn'sht ♪ ♪ what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? ♪ ♪ whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight ♪

one of the speakers there was, of course, my good friend -- >> john lewis. >> -- john lewis, who co-sponsorednsors of this bill. we had a very long road to go to get this bill out. john is such a piece of living history in and of himself that on monday, at 8:30 at bus boys and poets -- >> he and julian bond are going to be part of this conversation that you're having in conjunction with black history month. >> indeed. i thought i'd do something about some living history here. julian bond, john lewis and i were all in the nonviolent coordinating committee together. they were lifers. i would come in the summer. and i'm going to talk to them about that experience and about experiences since, about whether or not they see, for example, occupy as an offshoot in its own way. >> do you? >> i do. >> do you. >> and it shows you how different generations express themselves differently. but in a real sense, that era was the first real era in the 20th century of mass, massive kind of protest. and so, i'm going to ask them about their own lives since, about the lives of the civil rights movement since and

now, two days, two days before the official entrance of texas into the union john lewis o'sullivan, magazine "democratic review" ran an editorial in which he said, "the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which providence has given us for the development of this great experiment of liberty and federalive development of t. it is rights such as that to the tree to the space of earth suitable for the full expansion and prince principle of destiny and growth."manist d. and although it's 20 years after jefferson's death, jefferson's vision -- jefferson's vision has become a reality. and in the yearsfollowed, the southwest, the pacific coast, the pacific northwest, just like jefferson had idea o liberty, they're synonymous, t americans wanted to possess this land and would take any opportunity short of war to do so. within a few years, the stars atlantic to the pacific, just as jefferson had predicted. thank you so much.estis? [ applause ] >> i don't think i ran over. we teachers havecy to talk on ad nauseum. so i try to ke sweet. questions? you make

culture began by a bipartisan measure through legislation by john lewis and j.c. watts, and senators max cleelen. and my husband was proud to sign it in law in 2003 to envision the museum built on the mall where we honor artists, inventors, explorers, soldiers. i'm proud of the museum's vision which is dedicated not simply to this building, but also reaching out to communities around the nation. the museum has always begun traveling expeditions. and artifact preservation programs. it's a museum that is dedicated to welcoming all americans, whether or not they'll be able to travel to washington, d.c. i'm glad, too, that this building will stand next to the monument to our first president, george washington. a man who fought for liberty and who came to recognize the evil of bondage, freeing his slaves in his will. side by side, these two spots are symbolic of our own national journey. for the stories that will be preserved within these walls. the stories of suffering and perseverance, of daring and imagination and triumph, are the stories of african-americans. but t

we know the historic life of congressman and john lewis, but in the mind, unwritten books are stories where the congressional black caucus, members far and wide are to be touted. i'll close on this one with two dear sisters no longer with us. wanet mcdonald, chaired the committee in congress and put in congress the first african-american picture of a congressperson which you'll find as we enter into the united states chambers there with jones, who after the 2004 election rose to the floor of the house and said, i, too, am american. this election was unfair. as many members also came and did something that had not been done for'ons where you -- ions where you accept the electoral college and members arrived in washington, went on the floor and respectfully objected one after another. you can see that it is a place where much may not be written, but we are grateful for the work they have done. i encourage you in the last lawyer's closing to visit so sojourner truth who we hope to move in the rightful place, the only african-american in the united states congress in legislation that i in

congressman john lewis from georgia will be speaking here today.he congressional leader spearheading the project. the project will cost about $500 million. congress has appropriated half of that money and the rest coming from donations from companies like target, american express, and private donors like oprah winfrey. the entire ceremony starts at 10:00 this morning. president obama will be speaking. it is close to the public, but we will have a complete wrapup on abc 7 news this evening. >> thanks so much. 6:36 grendell, 42 degrees. >> still ahead a study about women and heart attacks. 7 is on your side with why it could change the way doctors diagnosed the deadly disease. >> metro's top five. the new list of the busiest stations. >> another look outside as we a check on >> welcome. it is 6:39 on wednesday february 22. it's been tough on the traffic side. started with a broken down tractor-trailer at the marine base, 95 now gone. everybody is spreading out upstream. northbound delays out of woodbrige, now through springfield and in landmark. 66 a

to civil rights pioneer john lewis. >> we must tell the whole story. >> this is a milestone. >> the ceremony was held on the future site that sits behind a chain-link fence across from the washington monument. when it is completed, the complex will feature thousands of artifacts from slavery to the civil-rights era and beyond. >> this is not really to showcase exclusively african americans. it is really to in some ways fill the gap in the of the reallyy that is america's history. ♪ >> museum officials hope millions will visit when it officially opens its doors to the public in 2015. on the national mall, a cold killian reporting. >> it looks like an amazing museum. a light show like no other. some call it the best in decades. some amazing videos straight ahead. >> amazing grace comes to a bizarre and in africa. the full story behind this history as the cover the world next. to go wild card in a move to allow table games at slots allow table games at slots >> covering the world tonight, a horrific scene out of one is here a track trained slammed into the end of the line. investigators say the

it's a first for john lewis who said their vows in this building. >> at that moment i felt for the first time in my life that i was equal human being in the iz of the government. >> what do we want? >> quality. when do we want it? now. >> that passion for equality drove them to the streets today. the court ruled against proposition 8. much to the frustration of its supporters. >> this is just the stop on the way to the supreme court. >> the longer it takes to reach the final decision, more frustration for same-sex couples. they say their relationship would be complete with a marriage certificate. they have both romantic and practical considerations. >> he covers me on health insurance, he's taxed on that as though it's additional salary. married couples are not charge that had way. >> they, too, marched this morning and they're marching tonight. they will not be stopping any time soon. >> this is important to us. this is, i mean getting married is one of the big steps you can take in life. >> and back flif san francisco, earlier today we asked them how they would rate this day on a scale

sophia choi reports from a rally near the site of the beating led by civil rights leader congressman john lewismething doing wrong, do what you're doing today. >> reporter: they are coming together to force a community change where 20-year-old brandon white was beaten outside this store one week ago today. like others here, this woman came to the rally. >> we need to come together so it doesn't happen again. >> reporter: three men beat brandon white as he walked out of the grocery in the pittsburgh community of southwest atlanta and posted this video on the internet. investigators believe white was targeted because he's gay. today, atlanta police arrested 18-year-old christopher cain from dekalb county. >> i'm happy they were able to move quickly to get that accomplished. >> reporter: police know who the other two men are and plan to arrest them soon. those at the rally say police can help short term with arrests and patrols, but it's up to those who call this area home to stop the violence in the long run. >> this is not a one day campaign. this is not a one week campaign. this is a lifetime c

. >>> and this week i sat down with georgia congressman and civil rights leader, john lewis, and as well as lonnie bunch who is head of the museum about culture. is head of the museum about culture. that's i heard they found energy here. it's good. we need the jobs. [customer:] we need to protect the environment. [worker:] we could do both. is that possible? [announcer:] at conocophillips, we're helping power america's economy with cleaner, affordable natural gas. more jobs. less emissions. a good answer for everyone. well, if it's cleaner and affordable. as long as we keep these safe. there you go. thanks. [announcer:] conocophillips. monarch of marketing analysis. with the ability to improve roi through seo all by cob. and you...rent from national. because only national lets you choose any car in the aisle... and go. you can even take a full-size or above, and still pay the mid-size price. i'm going b-i-g. [ male announcer ] good choice business pro. good choice. go national. go like a pro. n collect rainwater toood choice business pro. good choice. shower with, but there are easier wa

i want to thank laura bush, secretary salazar, sam, my hero, congressman john lewis, wayne clough, everyone is made this possible. i am so proud of lonnie who came here from chicago, i want to point out. [applause] i remember having a conversation with him about this job when he was starting to embark on an extraordinary journey. i cannot be more proud of the work he has done. i promised to do my part by being briefed. as others have mentioned, this day has been a long time coming. the idea for a museum dedicated to african-americans was first put forth by black veterans of the civil war. years later the call was picked up by members of the civil- rights generation. by men and women who knew how to fight for what is right and prescribe for what is just. this is their day. this is your day. it is an honor to be here to see the fruits of your labor. it is also fitting that this museum has found a home on the national mall. as has been mentioned, it was on this ground long ago that lives were once traded. where hundreds of thousands once marched for jobs for freedom. it was here that the pilla

civil rights hero john lewis marched with king to fight this kind of injustice. protect voting rights. >> the vote is precious. it is almost sacred. and to be able to participate in the democratic process, to be able to cast a vote should be very simple. almost like getting a glass of water.

martin luther king iii, john lewis, congressman and others will be joining us as we march against theseaws all over the country. we'll be right back. [ male announcer ] drinking a smoothie with no vegetable nutrition? ♪ [ gong ] strawberry banana! [ male announcer ] for a smoothie with real fruit plus veggie nutrition new v8 v-fusion smoothie. could've had a v8. diarrhea, gas or bloating? get ahead of it! one phillips' colon health probiotic cap a day helps defend against digestive issues with three strains of good bacteria. hit me! [ female announcer ] live the regular life. phillips'. on december 21st, polar shifts will reverse the earth's gravitational pull and hurtle us all into space, which would render retirement planning unnecessary. but say the sun rises on december 22nd and you still need to retire, td ameritrade's investment consultants can help you build a plan that fits your life. we'll even throw in up to $600 when you open a new account or roll over an old 401(k). so who's in control now, mayans? >>> finally tonight. with the economy healing, republicans are ramping up the

. >>> and this week i sat down with georgia congressman and civil rights leader, john lewis, and as welle bunch who is head of the museum about culture. that's

georgia congressman john lewis and 11 other members of congress announced today they will support andanti-voting laws next month. from march 4th through the 9th, we'll retrace the route of the historic 1965 voting rights march from selma to montgomery, alabama. congressman lewis led that first march almost 47 years ago. he nearly died when people in riot gear attacked the marchers with clubs and teargas on what was called bloody sunday. today he still is standing up for equal rights. >> we must continue to stand and stand together. we are one people. we are one family. we are one house. we all live in american house. >> the 1965 march brought international attention to the struggle for civil rights and led to the 1965 voting rights act that some states are now fighting against. we are marching now to make sure that our voting rights are protected for now and the next generation. how nice of joe to, how you say, have your back. try something different. a delicious gevalia kaffe, or as i like to say, a cup of johan. will johan power walk the mall with you? i don't think so. but he will

george kennan, whose biography by john lewis gaddis is on sale just to the right as you come in.laughter] unit are you employed by this establishment, strobe? >> but george tenet for sure, he had come he wrote a very, very insightful to add a member if it was a con or what, peace about jenin. he understood the complexity which comes through clearly in the book. but what he really appreciated, first of all like richard himself, kennan was very much a history but you all know that kennan went on to write a pulitzer prize-winning histories. kennan was a writer, and he accomplished much more from a newly created middle rank position in the state department, that a director of policy and planning than many, he left a bigger and longer legacy than many secretaries of state. so he identified with kennan for short. >> in addition to kennan, dean acheson was a particular icon of his. april herriman who was his first mentor who really plugged this 25 year-old foreign service service officer and took him to paris with him for the vietnam peace negotiations, richard always called him the gov

. >>> and this week i sat down with georgia congressman and civil rights leader, john lewis, and as wellch who is head of the museum about culture. is head of the museum about culture. that's i heard they found energy here. it's good. we need the jobs. [customer:] we need to protect the environment. [worker:] we could do both. is that possible? [announcer:] at conocophillips, we're helping power america's economy with cleaner, affordable natural gas. more jobs. less emissions. a good answer for everyone. well, if it's cleaner and affordable. as long as we keep these safe. there you go. thanks. [announcer:] conocophillips. monarch of marketing analysis. with the ability to improve roi through seo all by cob. and you...rent from national. because only national lets you choose any car in the aisle... and go. you can even take a full-size or above, and still pay the mid-size price. i'm going b-i-g. [ male announcer ] good choice business pro. good choice. go national. go like a pro. n collect rainwater toood choice business pro. good choice. shower with, but there are easier ways to go green

. >>> and this week i sat down with georgia congressman and civil rights leader, john lewis, and as wellho is head of the museum about culture. that's presspassmsnbc.com. it's cleaner. it's affordable. look, if it's safe, i'm there. [announcer:] conocophillips. monarch of marketing analysis. with the ability to improve roi through seo all by cob. and you...rent from national. because only national lets you choose any car in the aisle... and go. you can even take a full-size or above, and still pay the mid-size price. i'm going b-i-g. [ male announcer ] good choice business pro. good choice. go national. go like a pro. n collect rainwater toood choice business pro. good choice. shower with, but there are easier ways to go green. like taking shorter showers to conserve water. you'll sing long ballads in the rain and short ditties in the shower... the more you know. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com rain and short ditties in the shower... let's make health happen here! let's make health happen here! let's make health happen here! [ male announcer ] for our families... our neighbors... a

five days we're going to camp out every night in the same places he did, congressman john lewis is kickingvery year but this year we're going all five days to protest voter i.d. and voting that is being proposed in 34 states. virginia just came in. there's been a report that has established 5 million people vo voted in 2008 will not give the voters these voter i.d. laws. >> 5 million? >> this will change this election but it will also beyond this election infringe on the voting rights of a lot of people particular particularly in minority communities and seniors and we are going this year to dramatize what this does to millions of voters. >> and we'll be following it all the way through. al sharpton, thank you so much pour stopping by. >> always a pleasure. >> tonight looking at where the jobs are. specifically in the health care industry. we will look for that tonight. >>> i want to bring in new york congressman steve israel, chair of the democratic congressional campaign committee. good to see you, congressman. >> good morning. >> i know something reverend al sharpton was talking about,

we know the historic life of congress month dellums and john lewis, but in the annals of our mind, unwritten books, are stories where the congressional black caucus, excuse me, members far and wide are to be touted. and i'll just close on this one because our dear sister is no longer with us, two dear sisters that are no longer with us, juanita melinda mcdonald who became the first african-american woman to chair the house administration committee and to put in congress the first african-american picture of a congressperson which you'll find as we enter into the united states chambers there of the house of representatives. the honorable stephanie tubbs jones who after the 2004 election rose to the floor of the house and be said i, too, am an american. this election was unfair as members also rose in 2000 and came and did something that had not been done for' ons where you accept the tallying of the electoral college. in 2000 members of the congressional black caucus arrived in washington, went on the floor and respectfully objected one after another. so you can see that it is a place where m

john lewis especially has been a champion to this museum, helping to secure bipartisan support, funding and also securing this amazing location. speaking of location, let's take a look at what this museum will look like. national museum of african-american history and culture will be the smithsonian's 19th museum. it is claiming the last available five acres of the national mall. the first green museum among the smithsonian's buildings. it will be located on constitution avenue between 14th and 15th streets in northwest. that's between the washington monument and the national museum of american history. this will be a seven-level structure with most of the exhibits based located underground. the only national museum devoted exclusively to the documentation of african-american life, art history, and culture here on the mall. already today's groundbreaking ceremony we heard from the museum's founding director as well as the mayor of the district of columbia. >> today we begin to make manifest on this mall, on this sacred space, the dreams of many generations who fought for and believe tha