judge and legal scholar michael mcconnell borrowed out embracing distinction by john rawls political liberalism and comprehensive liberalism. a political conception of justice applies to the framework of basic institutions whereas a comprehensive doctrine is one that addresses all aspects of life including conceptions of what is of value, ideals of personal character and ideals of friendship and mediating institutions. the constitutional principles of early american history limited the way government could conduct the public business but did not purport to tell citizens how they should live their lives. the first amendment followed exactly this approach. the american constitution, mcconnell writes, was an attempt to create a government strong enough to keep the peace and promote economic prosperity without the power to affect or coerce the ordinary lives or beliefs of a heterogeneous people. contrast that thought with today's new vision. the state should force citizens to be neutral, tolerant, egalitarian and open-minded and by the way i have to pause here to say, some wisdom i learn