after the flood and of course the tax generated lots of money in the rebuilt johnstown, but once johnstown was rebuilt the tax didn't go away. we still have the tax today. in fact to date pennsylvania has collected. for revenue from that tax to rebuild johnstown six times over and the tax will not go away because once government gets attacks it likes to hang on to it. professor davies you write in your book the essence of government is force. yeah, yeah, the essence of government is forced when when we wrote this book what motivated it was. we look back through history and what we notice is any time humans come together to do anything. they organized themselves either according to principles of cooperation or principles of coercion in principles of cooperation mean what it means you come together voluntarily and you do something if things work out, that's great if they don't you're free to walk away everything that's going on is cooperative. it's voluntary. and then we also organize ourselves from time to time according to principles of coercion. that is we have somebody who says okay. thi

republican who ran the house transportation committee the other was john murtha a democrat from johnstowney were good buddies running the defense subject on —- subcommittee of appropriations. now over time actually both of them ended up under federal investigation because they were raising so much money from corporate pack interest you were not from the district e to make earmarks and get money and get funding and there became a triangle of interest hiring clients from around the country to pay former staff and lobbyist and it did create the stream of influence that did not sit well with a lot of people. that's part of the reason why they went away they will try to make the system cleaner and narrower and to get people to understand what they can do. host. viewer who says the earmarks what they used t to call pork. >> every man's pork is a perfectly sizzled stake. there was definitely a belief that john boehner used earmarks as the gateway drug if you are getting your marks for your district and you are willing to spend $500,000 to help create aun community library in some area they did n

he continues to lead the way in the highest levels of productivity to people of johnstown county and north carolina. thank you for your commitment to your family, your neighbors and the citizens of johnston county and beyond. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: pursuant to clause 12-a of rule 1, the chair dedlairs house in recess until 2:00 p.m. >> broadband is a force for empowerment. that's why charter has invested bills. infrastructure, upgrading technology, empowering opportunity in communities big and small. charter is connecting us. >> charter communications supports c-span as a public service. along with these other television providers. giving you a font row seat to democracy. >> now to a detailed pentagon briefing on the august, 2021 bombing outside the airport in kabul, afghanistan. 13 u.s. service members were killed arong with at least 170 civilians. investigators present evidence that the attack was the work of a single suicide bomber.

served as us ambassador to ukraine, anders charged affair of the united states embassy in care of he. johnstown from arlington, virginia. good to have you with us. so. so what happens now are the minsk agreements dead? they are, are, they are dead. the russians have killed them. no, no dementia. agreements were not great agreement. let's. let's be clear. they were signed by president bush and go above ukraine under duress said best that he was facing the wholesale massacre of large portions of the ukrainian army. that was fighting the russians in the east present portion go didn't have any choice. he signed a bad agreement and the russians, he never implemented it. man, now it's dead. the russians have walked away. and with what russia calls peacekeepers on the ground in the break away regions, u. s. and european sanction swiftly in place. what hopes now for a summit, between presidents, putin and binding very little, very little if further russian troops do go in to ukraine. that is, if they go into the occupied territories of don boss, that will be a violation that will do exactly what presid

her impact on the johnstown community will not be forgotten. my prayers will be with her family and friends. thank you, madam speaker, and i yield back the balance of my time. the speaker pro tempore: pursuant to clause 1-c of rule 19, further consideration of h.r. 4521 will now resume. the clerk will report the title. the clerk: union calendar number 170, h.r. 4521, a bill federal research initiative to ensure continued united states leadership in engineering biology. the speaker pro tempore: it is now in order to consider amendment number 239 printed in part d of house report 117-241. for what purpose does the gentlewoman from california seek recognition? mrs. steel: ms. chairwoman, i have an amendment at the desk. the speaker pro tempore: the clerk will designate the amendment. the clerk: amendment number 239 printed in part d of house report 117-241 offered by mrs. steel of california. the speaker pro tempore: pursuant to house resolution 900, the gentlewoman from california, mrs. steel, and a member opposed, will each control five minutes.

host: let's talk to john calling from johnstown, pennsylvania on the democrats line. good morning.aller: good morning, gentlemen. one reason i think china is eating our lunch is because china does not have enough structure party like the republican party like the republican party in our country. the reason why we got out of afghanistan, it was costing us $1 billion per week and i think it was a great thing that biden did. no matter how you would get out of that country, it would never be pleasing to everybody. i'm thinking that really showed a great deal of strength rather than weakness. thank you. guest: i think the caller raises two important issues. one is that ultimately for democracy to work and for democracy to continue, for us to be able to show the world democracy is a better political system than authoritarian governance in china is that we have to show our system can deliver benefits to people regular people, average citizens in the united states, but to some extent around the world, better outcomes than authoritarian political systems can like in china. that is a key par

35 degrees colder in boston than they were yesterday. 29 degrees colder in new york city, 24 in johnstownhat brings in the snow ahead of the front, atlanta today, you're going to be 77 80 in montgomery but behind the front 10 degrees colder in chicago. tulsa, 29, dallas, a 29-degree temperature difference back there, and then you can see these cold temperatures stretching 10 to 20 degrees below average from minneapolis, cincinnati, buffalo, boston, but look down to the south, richmond, charlotte, and charleston all warmer than average looking pretty good, but temperatures stay cold right through the weekend. >> good morning. i'm meteorologist kari hall. it's still very cold out there, but temperatures are headed for the upper 50s for today with a mostly sunny skych we will see a few more clouds moving in tonight, and that will keep our temperatures from dipping as cold as it is this morning, but we're still looking at some freezing valleys in some spots, and then we're headed for the low 60s for friday afternoon. the weekend is looking pretty nice with our inland temperatures reaching int

host: let's hear from john, johnstown, pennsylvania, democrats line. caller: two things.ic that they play, i can remember a time when they use the orchestral version with actual violins and violas. it was not done with synthesizers and so forth. i think both versions are great but i really preferred the more original version that was actually done with string instruments. secondly, i just wish with politics in general that there was a much less focus on winning arguments. often false arguments. and more focused on fixing problems. thank you for c-span. host: chris, annapolis, maryland, independent line. caller: i truly believe that mr. pruden, president -- mr. putin, president putin and russia -- in russia is a psychological and strategic master. i think what he sees in the united states right now our internal disagreements, the current administration. i can't help but think that's part of his strategic equation that now is the time to move. i think the old saying, divided we fall, united we stand, right now we are so divided in this country that i think that he is calcul

host: let's talk to john calling from johnstown, pennsylvania on the democrats line. good morning.d morning, gentlemen. one reason i think china is eating our lunch is because china does not have enough structure party like the republican party like the republican party in our country. the reason why we got out of afghanistan, it was costing us $1 billion per week and i think it was a great thing that biden did. no matter how you would get out of that country, it would never be pleasing to everybody. i'm thinking that really showed a great deal of strength rather than weakness. thank you. guest: i think the caller raises two important issues. one is that ultimately for democracy to work and for democracy to continue, for us to be able to show the world democracy is a better political system than authoritarian governance in china is that we have to show our system can deliver benefits to people regular people, average citizens in the united states, but to some extent around the world, better outcomes than authoritarian political systems can like in china. that is a key part of the u