it was up to the surgeon general, at the height of the mccarthy era in 1949 to decide whether jonas salk, and unknown young researcher, should be giving a security clearance. it was a close call. they did a second investigation. salk never knew about this. salk was cleared by the skin of his teeth. had he not been cleared, he clearly would have been dropped by the march of dimes, which was extremely image-conscious. jonas salk would have been out of the vaccine business. there are all kinds of detours in this story. indeed, in 1955, as ike is inviting jonas salk to the white house amidst this enormous pomp and circumstance, there is one isolated letter from j edgar hoover saying, "i wouldn't invite to that commie here." [laughter] some have a very long memories when it came to this. once the vaccine came out in 1956 with a couple of stumbles, the rate of polio dropped dramatically. albert sabin, who was working on his live polio vaccine, was forced to go to the soviet union in the midst of the cold war to test his vaccine. so many kids in america already had the salk vaccine. sabin loved

jonas salk not kennedy: that song will be bert when jared from subway is burning in hell topic number you are driving never overtake someone on a blind turn. it's a law because you might have a head-on collision with someone in the other lane. don't worry, folks, the driver's injuries are reportedly minor, but they could have been a lot worse because he will have to live with that questionable brain the rest of his life. no word on the tree. but sources indicate the tree may have been drink. star wars is nearly here. if you are like me you spend 2-4 hours every day practicing your chewbacca impression it's a great party trick and a good way to express your feeling at wetiond and funerals. but if you can't mimic him you can use household objects like this cokebbacca. or you have may re-recall when we showed how to use a toilet paper roar. that puts you well on your way to sounding like the real deal. it's like whitney houston singing "how did i know." topic number 4. this russian tiger loves a live lunch and twice a week he gets to hear his meat squeal. that's when he's given a live me

charlotte jay jacobs recalls the life of jonas salk.katherine e den and luke schafer explore poverty in the united states. margo jefferson made this year's new york times list of 100 notable books for her memoir, negroland, in which she recalls growing up among the black elite. polish author reveals those responsible for the massacre of jewish residents of a small polish town in 1941 in "the crime ask the silence." and in destiny and power, john meacham looks at the life of former president george h.w. bush. >> he goes to him, and baker says to him, well, i want to be a congressman. i think you're just using this as a steppingstone to the senate. and george h.w. bush says, no, no, i'm not using this as a steppingstone to the senate, i want to be president. ..

if jonas salk had priced the polio vaccine the way they do today, there would be people who have polio today. we need to find the patients, engage the patient and get them treated. >> thank you. now to peter bach who has been mentioned earlier and was attempting to pose a question earlier today. sorry we didn't get to you. please go ahead. >> i ask the same question no matter who i'm asking it to. i want to ask it to steve. i don't want the intelligence grading to go in the wrong direction. my group invented the drug, this is a question about value. there's a discussion around value pricing or finding the right prices for drugs based on the attributes. ken, you made a comment about the broad landscape of possible value, i want to ask a granular question. the -- is it that we can't define what the domains of value are, or we don't know the relative contribution of each of them? the reason i ask this question is i created the drug atticus as a way of looking at cancer drug prices with what i thought were a reasonable array of domains that could define value. but on a flexible way so you