joseph johnson, a teacher representing a group of freed people in halls hill, virginia wrote to general o.o. howard, commissioner of the freedmans bureau in august of 1865 requesting help to secure homes. they adopted a resolution that shows the importance of owning homes and establishing schools for themselves and their children. they said quote, we feel it to be very important that we obtain homes. owning our shelters and the ground that we may raise fruit trees concerning which our children can say these are ours. also that we may regularly educate our children, having our own schoolhouse in a central location and also maintain public worship so we may be an established and growing people and be respected and recognized by all loyal people as welcome and efficient citizens of these united states which is now our country made emphatically so by the blood of our brethren recently shed to save our country. it framed and perpetuated the stereotype of black dependency. it was written that blacks would die out because they were incapable of supporting themselves without white supervision.

joseph johnson, a teacher representing a group of freed people in halls hill, virginia wrote to general o.o. howard, commissioner of the freedmans bureau in august of 1865 requesting help to secure homes. they adopted a resolution that shows the importance of owning homes and establishing schools for themselves and their children. they said quote, we feel it to be very important that we obtain homes. owning our shelters and the ground that we may raise fruit trees concerning which our children can say these are ours. also that we may regularly educate our children, having our own schoolhouse in a central location and also maintain public worship so we may be an established and growing people and be respected and recognized by all loyal people as welcome and efficient citizens of these united states which is now our country made emphatically so by the blood of our brethren recently shed to save our country. it framed and perpetuated the stereotype of black dependency. it was written that blacks would die out because they were incapable of supporting themselves without white supervision.

on february 22, he directs general joseph johnson, who has been living in virtual retirement since his removal from the army of tennessee in july of 1864 -- he appoints johnson to command those troops. he says, concentrate all available forces and drive back sherman. at this point, johnson is saying, with what? in the words of the cavalry chief, wade hampton, it would scarcely have been possible to disperse the force more effectually. they are the remnants of the army of tennessee. there is lieutenant general william j. hardy's core. the garrison that defended charleston, they are retreating to sherman's right. third, once the federal's cross into north carolina, the department in north carolina troops under braxton bragg. and finally, the one force that had been opposing sherman's advance, the cavalry under general hampton. hampton arrives from the army of northern virginia. he arrives in south carolina his home state just-in-time to see his family home, millwood, burned to the ground, along with a lot of other buildings in columbia, south carolina. no pun intended, hampton is burning

on february 22, he directs general joseph johnson, who has been living in virtual retirement since his removal from the army of tennessee in july of 1864 -- he appoints johnson to command those troops. he says, concentrate all available forces and drive back sherman. at this point, johnson is saying, with what? in the words of the cavalry chief, wade hampton, it would scarcely have been possible to disperse the force more effectually. they are the remnants of the army of tennessee. there is lieutenant general william j. hardy's core. the garrison that defended charleston, they are retreating to sherman's right. third, once the federal's cross into north carolina, the department in north carolina troops under braxton bragg. and finally, the one force that had been opposing sherman's advance, the cavalry under general hampton. hampton arrives from the army of northern virginia. he arrives in south carolina his home state just-in-time to see his family home, millwood, burned to the ground, along with a lot of other buildings in columbia, south carolina. no pun intended, hampton is burning

those are the terms, not the ones that sherman aced ended to joseph johnson down itat davis. davis told joseph johnston to let the infantry go but sort of take your cavalry and maintain the resistance, and sherman ignored him and followed through, but it is sherman going way off. professor varon: he encroached into the political round, their brief was to secure the surrender, the army was supposed to leave those questions about whether the confederates would vote against him a whether these states will be brought back to the union, those things were further the politicians to deal with in washington, and sherman to be conceding political rights and immunity and doing what mcclellan tried to do. mr. holzer: we were talking about why the south might ever fear johnson as opposed to lincoln, so supposedly at this first surrender ceremony, isn't that the one at which sherman hans johnson the dispatch -- hands johnston the dispatch this as president lincoln has been killed, and then sweat appears on his four head. professor gallagher: when was that written, harold? [laughter] the b

and on february 22nd he directs joseph e. johnson whose been living in virtual retirement since the recollusion in 1964 he appoints johnston to command the troops. concentrate all available forces and drive back chersherman. at this point johnson is saying, with what? in the words of his calgary chief, it would scarcely have been possible to disperse a force. they're the remnants of the army of tennessee. marching northward through south carolina on sherman's left there's lieutenant general william j. hardy's core. garrison that defended charleston, they're retreating to sherman's right. then third, once the federal's crossing the north carolina, the department in north carolina troops under braxton braggs and finally, the one force that has been opposing sherman's advance, the calvary under general hampton. now hampton arrives from the army of northern virginia. he arrives in south carolina, his home state. just in time to see his family home millwood burned to the ground along with a lot of other buildings in columbia south carolin

showers moving in and it's a great evening to head to the playground that is what adam joseph has done at johnson'sw jersey. don't hurt yourself! >> it this for adults just kids? >> no! >> one nice day everyone comes out and enjoys it. are you guys having fun? >> yes! >> we when on an easter egg hunt, did you find the eggs? >> yes! >> i have been seen the easter bunny, do you know where he is? >> yes! >> he has cookies we have to decorate. >> tell him i said held okay a good friend of mine. >> much move ahead in our next half hour at 5:00. a philadelphia mother's legal nightmare of a gun she brought for protection is finally over. also the pope is upstaged by this precocious toddler. we'll have those stories and more when we come back. >>> "action news" continues with adam joseph, monica malpass and jaime apody. >>> now the second black box is in the hands of the investigators. >>> and two women with alleged ties to al qaeda are arrested after a bomb plot. >>> now the details, french investigators tonight have important clues from last week's germanwings crash that killed everyone on board. they ha

schieffer had on "face the nation" this morning about the movie, "selma" and how it portrays lyndon johnson. joseph califano, written a piece, head of lbj museum in texas written a lot. a lot of people, front page of "new york times" a few days ago big article in the washington post few days ago. there is a lot of media attention, social media attention, print media attention, being given to whether or not the movie portrays lbj as he ought be portrayed. i sense now there are people coming at this movie awfully hard now. they're going to do what they can to make it difficult for this movie to gain any traction and difficult for this movie to win any awards, even though its director is already regarded now, already now in the history books as first black woman to be nominated for a best director award for the golden globes and may be nominated for academy awards. this fight is going to continue for the next few weeks as we get into the awards season about whether or not the picture accurately portrayed depicts what happened around the voting rights act and sell past let me say this very quickly. in

adam joseph is on an outdoor adventure live at johnson corner farm in burlington county where they areting ready for easter. hey adam. >> reporter: all things easter here at the farm, today until this evening and then for the next few days, you can go outside like we did for the easter egg hunt. everyone is inside and i'm looking at his lips and his lips what is all over your mouth? what did you eat? >> ice-cream. >> what is on your lips? >> water ice. >> they are all standing in line not to be on tv but they are waiting for the big man of the weekend, the easter bunny. can i hear a yell for the easter bunny! >> easter bunny! >> let me get a picture with emma with the easter bunny you stand in line and upload it to the social media sites look how adorable she is look at the temperatures we were outside easter egg hunting, it was beautiful out there, 66 in philadelphia wilmington at 65 degrees, allentown coming in in the 60s and parts of southern new jersey in the 60s, you look at the shore it's cooler and 46 degrees right now in atlantic city. take a look at the winds the south-southwe

beginning at 6:30 eastern joseph califano, domestic policy aid to president linton -- lyndon johnson and then democracy in the dark this seduction of government secrecy can i. on "after words" as 9 eastern and then at 10:00 a

beginning at 6:30 eastern joseph califano, domestic policy aid to president linton -- lyndon johnson and then democracy in the dark this seduction of government secrecy can i. on "after words" as 9 eastern and then at 10:00 a talk about homocide in america from last weekend's "los angeles times" festival of books. we wrap up at 11:00 with a panel discussion on c-span's latest book, first ladies. that happens tonight on c-span2's booktv. >> pulitzer prizes were awarded this last weekend and other elizabeth kolbert won. her book, "the sixth extinction. "the and this one will be the most devastating. sheer he is -- here she is now on booktv. [applause] >> thank you very much. i, tomorrow, am very impressed that such a large number of people are here on a friday night, and i really appreciate it. so thanks very much for being here. i want to start by introducing you to this fellow on the screen who is a hawaiian crow, otherwise known as an alala. know he looks loot like an ordinary crow but there are actually significant differences of his beak is thicker and his legs are thicker and the

general joseph johnston surrendered at the bennett place to union general william sherman. jefferson davis was captured on may 10 and andrew johnson declared the war over on may 10, just a month after the surrender here at appomattox. him and him and him

general joseph johnston surrendered at the bennett place to union general william sherman. jefferson davis was captured on may 10 and andrew johnson declared the war over on may 10, just a month after the surrender here at appomattox. there was still kirby smith with the army in texas and his official surrender is not until june 2, 1865. the surrender at appomattox was a multi-day process. after leeann grant met, they appoint commissioners to work out the details of how they surrender will take place. that is done by the commissioners on april 10 and the confederate cavalry is set to surrender their sabers and carbines, the artillery, and the bulk of generally's army surrenders on april 12. over 22,000 men and i will take you to to the road where they surrendered now. we are once again standing on the richburg/wichman stage road. the signals were the last artillery shots were fired on the morning of april 9. also is the home of george pierce, the county clerk. he had a special guest for dinner general jocelyn kj -- general jocelyn chamberlain. over the course of their dinner conversation -- chamberlain has the lee-grant meeting si

i turn to my long-time friend, joseph a califano former secretary of health, education and welfare under president carter and previously president johnson'schief domestics advisor. joe tells illuminating story which i recount here, one can be told in four distinct chapters cliff notes short version of a winding tale about health care access to all americans. chapter one the years before world war ii. during which health insurance itself was actually quite rare. following the second world war unions and some large employers began covering health insurance for union members and employers. chapter, two president truman was was the president to make truly concerted effort to pass coverage for older americans and poor but it was swiftly defeated as socialized medicine. he had to settle for a few amendments to the social security act. the mills act in 1960 covered poor people and older people but while it was meant for the rural poor, the dollars allocated with consumed by high population states like california, massachusetts, new york, leaving its sponsors quite disenchanded. from the time of president truman's first effort forward, medicaid a

joseph a. califano, former secretary of health, education and welfare under president carter and previously president johnson's chief domestics advisor. joe tells illuminating story which i recount here, one can be told in four distinct chapters, cliff notes short version of a winding tale about health care access to all americans. chapter one, the years before world war ii. during which health insurance itself was actually quite rare. following the second world war unions and some large employers began covering health insurance for union members and employers. chapter, two, president truman was the first president to make a truly concerted effort to pass coverage for the older americans and for the poor but it was swiftly defeated as socialized medicine. he had to settle for a few amendments to the social security act. the mills act in 1960 covered poor people and older people but while it was meant for the rural poor, the dollars allocated with consumed by high population states like california, massachusetts, new york, leaving its sponsors quite disenchanted. from the time of president truman's first effort

general joseph johnston surrendered at the bennett place to union general william sherman. jefferson davis was captured on may 10 and andrew johnson declared the war over on may 10, just a month after the surrender here at appomattox. him and him and him him at appomattox. there was still kirby smith with the army in texas and his official surrender is not until june 2, 1865. the surrender at appomattox was a multi-day process. after leeann grant met, they appoint commissioners to work out the details of how they surrender will take place. that is done by the commissioners on april 10 and the confederate cavalry is set to surrender their sabers and carbines, the artillery, and the bulk of generally's army surrenders on april 12. over 22,000 men and i will take you to to the road where they surrendered now. we are once again standing on the richburg/wichman stage road. the signals were the last artillery shots were fired on the morning of april 9. also is the home of george pierce, the county clerk. he had a special guest for dinner, general jocelyn kj -- general jocelyn chamberlain. over the course of their dinner conversation, --

surrender here at appomattox, joseph johnston surrendered in north carolina at the bennett place to general sherman. jefferson davis was captured on may 10, and actually andrew johnson had declared the war over on may 10, 1865, just a month after the surrender here at appomattox. however, there was still kirby smith with the army in texas, and his official surrender is not until june 2, 1865. the surrender here at appomattox was a multi-day process. they appoint commissioners to work out the details about how the surrender will take place. that is done by commissioners on april 10. and the confederate cavalry is set to surrender their sabres and carbines on april 10, the artillery on april 11 and the bulk of the infantry surrenders on april 12. and i'm going to take you to the road where they surrendered now. we're once again standing on the richmond lynchburg stage road. before me is an artillery piece that signifies where the last artillery shots were fired on the morning of april 9. also in front of me is the home of george pierce, the county clerk. and on the evening of april 11, 1865 he had general joshua chamberlain who had set up his tent in his yard. and at

johnson pretty quickly, his tone changes, and the trial of the conspirators, he is already issuing proclamations that are actually very forgiving, and speaking about forgiveness and forbearance -- and my man, josepht, was not happy. mr. holzer: but it is true -- professor gallagher: but it is true. [laughter] mr. holzer: these are not beads of sweat. professor varon: no beads of sweat. mr. holzer: there are at least two antislavery abolitionist who confide, one in a letter to his wife, there's something about lincoln's loss and johnson's arrival because it will make the radical reconstruction of the south easier. god has spoken, lincoln has done his work, and now it is time for us, whether that meant johnson would be weaker, easier to dominate, or whether johnson would be a stronger leader. professor gallagher: don't you think they sweat because they knew johnson was not as capable a person as lincoln? i mean, andrew johnson had never had a great reputation. professor varon: yeah, and segue to a question that is so irresistible. i am not a fan of counterfactuals, but we are all asked all the time -- if lincoln had lived, would he have fared better than andrew johnson in the spirit of reconstructi