from norman, us oklahoma, is joshua landis, the university of oklahoma center of muslim -- of middle tudies. professor landis, welcome. guest: it is a pleasure being with you. host: today marks the three-year anniversary since the uprising in syria, and we wanted to get your sense on not only reminding viewers of what happened to start the uprising, but where we are now. guest: right, well, this uprising began three years ago in march as part of the arab theng, and the syrian -- arab spring really stalled in syria. people expected bashar al-assad, the president of syria, to fall rapidly, and that these small clique that was around him, largely brand by alan wites, the religious group he belongs to, they thought he would collapse. but bashar al-assad turned out to be much tougher, his military fought hard for him, they did not abandon him, and the russians and iranians stepped up and began to give him money and arms. -- has law and lebanon been law -- hezbollah and lebanon has come over to help them out too. besides the united states, turkey, saudi arabia, the gulf countries trying to