were filed by the ncaap and by the league of voters, joining me now, elizabeth mcnamara, also judith brown, who is the co-director of the advancement project, which is a civil rights organization. thank you both for joining us today. >> thank you. >> thank you for having us. >> judith, let's start here with where this stands at this point. the argument, obviously, is that laws that exist in wisconsin and other parts of the country, which we discussed especially before the november general election, that these laws by design are meant to keep minorities, as well as perhaps even some elderly people, who let's face it, tend to vote more for democrats. keep them from the ballot. what proof of that exists at this point in that state of wisconsin? >> well, in the state of wisconsin, in fact, the advancement project had a separate case that we're in the federal courts right now, where we showed that african-americans are 1.4 times more likely not to have the voter i.d. that's required. latinos are more likely 2.3 times more likely not to have the i.d., so we know that there are disparities, and w