susan: we are talking with julia bowes at the american association conference in washington d.c. in january and she is a phd candidate and a jefferson scholar at the university of virginia. her area of specialty is child labor. thank you for joining us. julia: thank you for having me. susan: there was an interesting statistic. in the 1900 census 20% of all , children in the united states were in the workforce. how did that happen? julia: that is true. it is an increase from 1888 when it was one in eight. by 1900, it was one in five and the excavation behind that was rapid rate of industrialization which happened, particularly in the northeast in the here -- in the period. there was an influx of immigrants to the united states that provided a cheaper labor force and the children were the cheapest, which fueled industrialization to some extent. susan: were they actually the sole support of their families? julia: the national child labor committee forms in 1904, and the way they explain it is the main problem with children laboring as they bring down the wages for adults. there is a

susan: we are talking with julia bowes at the american association conference in washington d.c. in january and she is a p c

bows out, does comcast do? do they go to discovery communications or other companies out there? areibly, but those consolidation prizes at best. julia: with about comcast? paul: disney has the ostudiohee out what to do with espn, is it best staying with disneyspin julia: that despite time toders? decide what to do to diversify the business? reason big part of the of doing this d with fox is to get content from the fox television network to put on their direct to consumer offerings disney is launching. they launched espn plus and the are going to launch disney branded content next year. for thosemore content offerings as they go direct to consumer and compete against the netflix's of the world. julia: your view? important they are matching the reverse termination fee. they are also offering to actually make disney good for the breakup of the deal. $1.5 billion, a regutory issues.ion fee for they also agreed to the same veackages and are sports ks andellinthe other assets that regulators deem problematic in this instance. expressedh family has a stng desire to go with disney, and that is what it is going to come down to. withyesterday

potentially jobs overseas, i think that is a shot across the bow to administration about their trade policy that could have negative effects. julia. york,our, -- from new this is bloomberg. ♪ julia: saudi arabia's ban on women jarvis has officially ended. jordyn holman talked to the founder of the arabia foundation about the move. >> the psychological impact of the decision has a huge impact on the integration of women into life and into the workforce. in other words, women have started to be integrated already over the past nine months in a much more extensive fashion than they were before. so for saudi arabia, however strange that may look to people outside, it is a momentous decision in terms of social and cultural reform. >> should we consider this a turning point for the kingdom? ali: it is a cultural turning point, a social and cultural turning point, and a tremendous step ford for the integration of women into daily lives. and this had become a wedge issue for the religious right, if you want. they thought this was the last barrier that they could put in front of women being integrated into the workforce, into daily life,