and of course julia grant also comes from a family superior to her husband's family and had a certain confidence, even though people sometimes criticized her looks she did not care. it was a confidence. of course, the grants had a very attractive family so people latched on to their kids. they want to know what they were doing. how they were doing. so those three first ladies do stand out as exceptions. >> in the 20th century, there was the development of the office of the first lady, and gradually, first ladies started to hire staff and take on more of a public role. so when did this shift occur and what were some of the changes that took place? >> i would date it to theodore roosevelt in 1901. certainly, other things had been leading up to, it the development of media put more attention on president's wives. lucy hayes in the 19 seventies was the first presidents wife to -- train station to see her and so forth. but in 1981 theodore roosevelt moved in, the assassination of president mckinley, they really turned the presidents into what historians call the modern presidency with a lo

oh, yes, i guess the one i would grant julia grant like to being first lady. there's a granted and i was going to say helen taft, you know, helen taft everybody says she got her husband to the white house because he was in line for an appointment to the supreme court under theodore roosevelt and helen taft got wind of that and she went over and met the president and talk to him and after she did the president talk to her husband and said i can see why an appointment to the supreme court is not what you want at this time. and then of course taft went ahead and won the presidency and the story is that helen rushed down from her seat in the in the capital where he was being inaugurated and gotten the car because before then the assistant always rode back to the white house with the new president and she made sure she was sitting beside her husband and rode back and then when they they got there they walked in and this is perhaps apocryphal but she said, okay i made you president now, let's see what you'll do with it. so, yes, unfortunately, you know, she had a str

and so grant will get $20,000 a year, which we'll go to julia after his death. they all get an allowance for a horse to take care of their horses. so now the financial pressure is off grant has a way to provide for his family after his death. but he keeps writing because he has found that he loves the work and he has something to say. that march lawyers come to take depositions on the cases of ferdinand ward and james fish. and grant lets him have it with both barrels, adam. badow says that in on the setting on the meeting. it's a day long deposition and grant just goes at his two former business partners who will both be convicted. they'll both serve sentences in new york prisons ward will eventually bribe his way out of prison so he can watch grants eventual funeral and then goes back into jail. but it's just such an emotional intense day that grants exhausted. and the next day he can't get out of bed and he starts coughing and starts hacking and is having a really difficult time recovering and he can't breathe and he's found that he's exhausted and his conditi

even as early as julia grant. she couldn't get hers published. nobody was interested in it.it was published after she died. i finished reading it because i did a course on the generals wives washington, grant, eisenhower. i ran him and more and they are fascinating insights that you wouldn't have any other way. i've written the chapter on barbara bush, her memory was incredibly important. especially when you think about how she defined her success when she goes back to the previous question. she felt that speech was really important for her. especially at a time when we were really trying to decide how do women balance all of these things? that speech was a great one for that, plus or aids picture, even the black which raised tons of money. i think we gain insights into how they really wanted to find their legacies. the relationship with her husband, the administration, and otherwise. >> stacy, our story about edith will send conspiring to hide the president serious health issues made me wonder if you feel this cannot happen today because of press coverage and social media,

the relationship her role what she is doing what she was thinking but you know even as early as julia grant, you know, she couldn't get hers published. nobody was interested in it, and it was published after she died and i just finished reading it because i i did a course lifelong learning course on the general's wives, washington grant and eisenhower and so i read her memoir and they're just some very fascinating insights that you wouldn't have any other way. i've written a chapter on barbara bush and her or was incredibly important, especially when you stop and think about how she defines her success which goes back to the previous question. you know, she really felt like that wellesley speech was a really important moment for her and specially at a time when we were really trying to decide how do women balance all of these things and that speech was a great one for that plus her aids picture her literacy were even her millie's book and you know, which raised tons of money. so so i think we gain insights into how they really wanted to find their legacies and insights into that relationshi

julia a. boiken. >> garrett stocker. >> steven w. bourelle. >> allison m. taylor. >> mallin joy. >> dylan j. taylor. >> mcclean l. crossly. >> samantha a. worthy. >> jackson b. ferguson. >> from the 9th company, anawolly. >> monty guess. >> ian bram. >> grantclark. >> jack young. >> christian coccini. >> caden johnson. >> hooper. >> morgan cane. >> jacqueline b domingo. >> joseph o. kelly. >> parker l. ellis. >> adam c. lance. >> ian p. flynn. >> doreen r. lumka. >> max a. gerber. >> jacob a. lund. >> abschick gordy. >> lauren r. mcdonald. >> jesse b. hines. >> abigail r. mcguinn. >> lauren i. joyce. >> darby w. meadows. >> bryce i. clineman. >> gabriel o. edding. >> jason curbing. >> robert picari, jr. >> joshua lawrence. >> scott c. pierce. >> clayton a. leap. >> justine a. ramsdahl. >> john b. lieberman. >> gregory m. roblof, jr. >> kevin d. mccarthy. >> antonia j. sayers. >> jordan j. mcdaniel. >> the calvin s. skipper. >> jacqueline ny poblan. >> jocelyn sosa. >> grace e. santella. >> jackson s. south. >> michael d demoore. >> eric p. . >> sabrina o. spracklin. >> kirk j stengal. >> kenneth somak. >> andrew j. swain. >> jacob p. thundermeyer. >> allison k. wade. >> ethan h. bock. >> john p. winkler. >> chandler s. washburn. >> from th