i wanted to say special thanks to julio friedmann who is a friend.ery philosopher because he had very dark views about the future of humanity. you now know him as an adjective. people talk about a malthusian problem. this is robert malthus. he had this very dark view that the population was growing much faster than the capacity of the world to feed the population and people were doomed to die of starvation. he took it over the edge by saying, therefore, we shouldn't help poor people because they're going to die anyway, and so let's not give them anything to help them through this. you know, pretty bleak and dire sort of a philosophy, which is why he's now known by the adjective, not known himself. and i thought about it, that it's -- you know, it was relevant for our conversation today. he was wrong because he didn't understand one crucial thing, and that is that where the supply and demand curve intersect, it's not static, and a supply curve changes with technology. so back in his day when he was writing in 1820s, '30s, you know, there were 2.5 bill

i wanted to say special thanks to julio friedmann who is a friend. we have known each other for many years. he's fortunately in town serving in government more directly. he's a government guy, he's out at lawrence livermore labs but we're so pleased he can be here leading at a crucial time when we need to be thinking through a lot of important issues. for a very strange reason, recently i have been doing some personal reading on the history of philosophy, and i was recently reading about thomas robert maltous, a british cleric who in the early 18th century who was a very provocative philosopher because he had very dark views about the future of humanity. you now know him as an adjective. people talk about a mall thusian problem. this is robert malthus. he had this very dark view that the population was growing much faster than the capacity of the world to feed the population and people were doomed to die of starvation. he took it over the edge by saying, therefore, we shouldn't help poor people because they're going to die anyway, and so let's not gi