and that's about 200 miles or 300 miles from kandahar -- kabul, and 60 or 70 miles from kandahar. bordered by iran on the west, pakistan in the south. and then kind of connecting in to the mountainous areas. the next slide really shows you the helmund province. not the whole thing but the key areas. helmund are different than the rest of the country. most people conjure mountonous and things like that when they think about afghanistan and snow and things like that. it's not that. it's very flat. very, very dry desert. with the exception of the green areas which is really the prominent feature and lifeblood of the areas, helmund river. running north to south, starting hooks in down and then and goes in. up in iran which is key to some of the agreements that the government of afghanistan has with iran on the water rights. most of you also are aware about the u.s. up in iran which is key to some of the agreements that aid project that greatly expanded the terrain. in helmund province it was built in the 1950's and 1960's. the dam and canal project. so it probably quadrupled the size.

. >> stephen: i want a bird over kandahar in 15 minutes. say it kandahar. >> kandahar?phen: kandahar. you don't know where kandahar is? >> no, i don't. >> stephen: taking that back. we have a great show for you tonight. helen mirren is here, and david byrne. dawn is serving up dinner for a whole town! that table was like... so big! can one bottle of new dawn clean all the dishes? we did it! 6,000 dishes! a drop of dawn and grease is gone. feel the power of thenew power...smax. ...to fight back theraflu's powerful new formula to defeat 7 cold and flu symptoms... fast. so you can play on. theraflu expressmax. new power. ♪ ♪ hello? hello! ♪ hello? hello. hello? hello. ♪ hello, i got your package. you can just leave it, thanks. ♪ ♪ hello? can i help you? hello! hello? hello!!! hello hello!!! ♪ ( band playing ) ( cheers and applause ) >> stephen: jon batiste and stay human, everybody! give it up, matty rice on guitar! hey! welcome back, everybody. you know, there is intrigue in this nation about how melania trump got her green card. apparently-- we just learned this-- appare

the light blue, these this is kandahar at home there completely dominated by the tribesmen but that'san agricultural area. the whole east and south of the country. those tribes are 40%, the single biggest ethnic group. america's message to boil it down all the ways to install a government to be the overloads of these postings. as i said, -- was past him and from condo car but that never amounted to representation for the people, adjustment they were closer to home to torture and abuse in every way imaginable. on top of the this is a warrior culture they have been invading armies in and out of their. not unlike texans who only have vielma on couple of others to cling onto, these people identify themselves. their identity and culture is based around their long and ancient proud tradition of existing foreign invasions. that is who they are. defenders from invasions. at the very core. so it's not working and hasn't worked as a going to work. so here's another thing. afghanistan is landlocked. south-central asia but there's about 400 miles of pakistan between them and the sea. to get to af

the sock puppet was a costume from southern afghanistan from kandahar whose father had been a tribaleader soviet credibility in the taliban recognize the new covenant as islamic illegitimate and they suggest don't attack us and we will retire from politics. some of them wanted to purchase the in politics but not even as the taliban necessarily anymore and many of them just retired. mullah omar and then retired. it took about 2.5 years before the american escalations were able to even provoke the taliban into fighting and organize resistance against us. once they decide to do, the game was over and americans have lost. they pick an absolutely unnecessary fight and one they could not win. the reason why, there's a few but i'll show you real quick this map. this is ethnic groups of afghanistan. the light blue, these are the -- that agriculture area, lest my question but that still them. the east and south of the country, and there's a plurality, those tribes. they are 40%. not majority but they are the single biggest ethnic group. america's mission to boil it down all the weight is to i

devaney chavez a food and agriculture analyst joins us now from kandahar via skype thanks for being with us one of these farmers being pushed to make such a dramatic protest why they've been ignored for so long. well this is a how the economic good design has been going to be the economic thinking is that a good go to has to be secure phased or if the economic reforms that have to survive or economic reforms have to claim and so therefore to go to is being deliberately going to be imposed all these years it's not only happening in the last two years of three years of service happening over there see a few tickets and it's a cumulative impact there's a visible as a good movie see the long march happening in mumbai and don't want it to do farmers that are asking is it they want that they get full income that actually standing for them so they want justice to be done to them you know the government has got to our farmers as a glass which has been just ignored and we have believed that that the economic reform economic growth of the country big place just by industry or they can't but it's a

delivering his speech news came through about how thirty people were abducted by the taliban near kandahar nineteen of them policeman is their fate is uncertain and it shows that the violence in afghanistan is continuing as normal. no one is suggesting that peace is about to break out in afghanistan but the encouraging signs and language which are coming from all parties raising hopes here that maybe the first tentative steps of ending this brutal war being taken tony berkeley al-jazeera kabul ok let me just take you back to one of our top stories those allegations by amnesty international that egypt's army has been using the bond cluster bombs in its military operation in the north sinai jeffrey marks the egypt country specialist to amnesty international usa he's joining us now from donna north carolina via skype thank you very much indeed for your time first of all give us some indication of how your analysts were able to decipher the video that was released by the egyptian army to determine whether or not these were cluster bombs well as you said the gyptian army provided the evidence t

delivering his speech news came through about how thirty people were abducted by the taliban near kandahar nineteen of them policemen their fate is uncertain and it shows that the violence in afghanistan is continuing as normal no one is suggesting that peace is about to break out in afghanistan but the encouraging signs and language which are coming from all parties are raising hopes here that may be the first tentative steps of ending this brutal war of being taken tony berkely al jazeera kabul third of century since the release of a landmark u.s. report on race and poverty and now a new study has examined how far the nation has come since the findings and nine hundred sixty eight it says the issue of racial inequality still remains and child poverty has worsened john hendren reports. it was an era that rattled american complacency in one thousand nine hundred sixty eight assassins it violently cut off calming voices of peace martin luther king robert kennedy the vietnam war was growing more intense and for americans worse an african-american uprising had left detroit in flames so presid

. >> stephen: and this is about marines being sent in to the kandahar, to the... >> to be fair, it'se. i apologize. >> it was an army mission. >> stephen: i apologize. don't make that mistake. >> yeah, that's a distinction. but it was army special forces. these were the guys, the first responders, in my opinion. you know, they were the first boots on the ground, the first guys to take the fight to the taliban and al qaeda right after 9/11. so we're talking october of 2001, these were the guys first in. and at that time, the northern alliance, their leader mussad had been assassinated two days before 9/11, on september 9, as payment to the taliban. so al qaeda assassinated him, and then they attacked us on the 11th. so the northern alliance was actually very fragile, they could have fallen apart, but we needed them. they were already fighting the taliban, so we joined up with them. and what these guys did with what they had, where they were, is truly, probably unprecedented in military history. it was-- >> stephen: they went in on horseback? >> they fought on horseback against mechani

coming out of germany to drop humanitarian daily rations over the main cities of kabul, herat and kandaharin afghanistan because it was setting on winter. i stayed there until december. after 9/11 i had five deployments to the middle east. i calculated at one point in time travis was 18 months old and i've been home three months of his life. as military folks, we often have to sacrifice. now, i recently wrote a a book about all of these events and the things that i had to do called "tanker pilot: lessons from the cockpit." the reason why i i wrote this k is because i want people to understand an aspect of military operations that you know about, very few have actually written about, but are critical for the united states to be able to operate on a global scale. mr. kc-135 ntc ten literally reached out and touched everything we do. last january to give an example, to planes went to libya to attack terrorist training targets there. the b-2s had 15 error refueling is in both airplanes took on a total between the two of them 955,000 pounds of gas to fly 30 our mission and drop 160 bombs. to gi

pakistan is look across the border and see canadians coming into kandahar, dutch coming terrorist gone and it's not serious. we are already in a post-american afghanistan. we've got to get going and so that was where the isi revival of the taliban was located in some combination of those factors. >> so you've not identified any specific lovers that would've impacted. i think he would've had to to incorporate pakistan into a postwar politics that would have had to incorporate them into a wiser approach to the postwar settlement. there are coercive policies that you could bring against isi officers and specific individuals, travel sanctions. we may see the tribe administration tried this. it was argued about in the bush and obama at industry should. but the record of sanctions of the night to 90s in the depths of pakistan's with china and argues that coercion by itself is not coupled with some negotiation involving pakistan's pager is a rather regional. it's not going to succeed. >> thank you for coming. i want to shift gears for a second. can you be induced to do a ghost wars dictorate

field as a journalist i have encountered many problems in afghanistan for example in the city of kandahar we want went to meet a warlord and he wouldn't talk to me because i was a woman so i had to trust in the producer to get the right questions the right information for the story i was not there to give a lesson and women rights or feminism but to get a story out but at the same time being a woman has allowed me to meet extraordinary women around the world who have opened their homes to me told me their stories their suffering what happened to them and for that i'm very grateful we as women sometimes faced sexual harassment we often dismissed by some men who look down on you who dismiss you thinking that you are i suppose not in the same league as some of the name particularly if you are a young black woman and some of the challenges we face but that said there are some advantages for example because some people don't see was for it the easier to approach it down this it isn't i mean to say and this and some axes. don't get but i do have to admit that it hasn't always been easy of cours

delivering his speech news came through about how thirty people were abducted by the taliban near kandahar nineteen of them policemen their fate is uncertain and it shows that the violence in afghanistan is continuing as normal no one is suggesting that peace is about to break out in afghanistan but the encouraging signs and language which are coming from all parties are raising hopes here that may be the first tentative steps of ending this brutal war of being taken tony berkely al jazeera kabul three about peace prize winners samian mars a military campaign against the hinder is genocide and they've been visiting a range of refugees in bangladesh they're urging fellow a lot of it and myanmar's leader aung san suu kyi to speak out against the crisis u.s. president donald trump has invited the amir of qatar to visit the united states in error prone sect allen bin hama dattani is said to have received the phone offer during a phone call with the u.s. president on wednesday both nations say their king to strengthen cooperation. four united nations peacekeepers have been killed in mali when t

when i was in afghanistan a few months ago i visited a military and diplomatic leaders in capitol kandahar in bagram and it seems as though the taliban is transitioning from ideologically inspired group into a -- which is using ideology as a veil. it is focused on destroying processing facilities and their yields as opposed to just simply destroying the poppy fields. are the strategies used in the past and if so how are they different? these streams that are fueling the taliban right now this is a lesson learned from iraq and syria where we got serious about going after the hunting streams that supported isis and we started to see an immediate impact. i do agree with you they are well-resourced by at the narco-trafficking that takes place. our efforts are not only targeting their production storage locations for working with regional partners to help limit the flow of that product out of the region. do you think it's very called him a narco-terror group? >> the absolute and they take on many characteristics of a mob, mafia type of group. this is not a popular insurgency and it's important

general, when i was in afghanistan months ago, i visited military and diplomatic leaders in kabul and kandahar, and bagram and it seems the taliban is now transitioning from an ideologically inspired group into a narco terror group ideology as a veil and as such, the department of defense is focused on destroying processing facilities and their yields opposed to just simply destroying the poppy fields, and the state department is focused on enforcement in conjunction with the f.b.i. and the d.e.a. is this strategy different from those strategies that we've used in the past and if so how re they different? general votel: senator, thank you. they are different. we are using the authorities that have been passed to us recently to ensure that we can go after, as you suggested, these funding streams that are fuelling the taliban right now, and they are proving effective. this is a lesson learned from iraq and syria where when we got serious about going after the funding streams that supported isis, we made an immediate, we started seeing the immediate impact. that's exactly the attention here, and

it appears mark zuckerberg and sheryl sandberg have retreated to caves of kandahar here.two, you have to acknowledge the issue. the only thing they said is this wasn't a breach. three, you have to overcorrect there's been absolutely no indication that they're willing to do anything about this. we're in the midst of one of the worst handled crises in the history of modern business >> could this claim his job? >> no, because there's two classes of shares here and just to give you an indication into tmark zuckerber. last year, he proposed a share holder structure with three classes meaning his interests could go to zero, he could sell all his shares and still control the company. that's the equivalent of an information age autocrat we have the most powerful individual in the world that sees what 2.2 billion people see every day. he can't be removed from office. he appears to have the business strength of rob gronkowski with a gross motor skills of a 3-year-old this is why power corrupts this is why dual class shareholder structures are bad and this is why having a duopoly, a

i went to afghanistan, kandahar province in march 2010. the 5-2 stryker brigade. it was a kill team that was operating at the time. sergeant was sort of the ring leader. and basically some thrill kills that came to light a couple months or two after i came home. it was ironic because when it first came to ramrod, the 2-1 headquarters, i walked in the s-2x shop, and they said, oh, the one guy said oh, you're here for the other guy, literally -- no. okay. so at the time, they were investigating these killings at the time. and it came out later. so i tell you what really impressed me was the commander, everyone else, is how seriously -- i didn't know about the investigation, but how seriously they took any allegation. i remember one of the afghan contractors apparently got shoved by an american soldier. the battalion commander just read the riot act. you do not do that. he was serious. the second vignette was when i went to camp eric john in september, october of 2014, when the isil situation was beginning to heat up over there. the general was a three star who was e